小微金融企业互联网转型过程研究——基于外部网络体系与内部价值链的动态匹配视角
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摘要
本文整合企业外部网络、组织动态匹配和内部价值链等相关文献,通过对海印金服转型案例的研究发现,小微金融通过公司外部网络和内部价值链动态匹配,推进互联网转型适应快速变化环境,具体而言:(1)在小微金融互联网转型过程中,公司外部网络体系经历了关系网络、技术网络、技术和关系互嵌网络三种网络类型;(2)为保持与外部网络匹配发展,公司形成"∣字"型、"—字"型和"T字"型三种类型内部价值链,并先后采取不同资源获取和能力构建方式来获取所需资源和能力;(3)小微金融采取手段导向、目标导向和结构导向三种方式将企业内部价值链嵌入外部网络体系中,实现内部和外部资源配置匹配。本文清晰呈现了快速变化环境中的小微金融互联网转型过程,拓展了基于互联网背景的企业转型研究领域,对传统企业(特别是小微金融企业)互联网转型具有相当的参考价值。
The rise of the Internet has led to rapid changes in the environment, which has raised higher requirements for the ability of small and micro financial enterprises to adapt to the external environment. In response to such a requirement, how can traditional small and micro finance adapt to the external rapid changing environment through Internet transformation? The existing research lacks rigorous academic discussion. This paper integrated enterprise external network and dynamic matching and internal value chain, related literature, through Yin jin, a micro financial enterprise, transformation case study found that small micro finance through dynamically matching the firm's internal network with external value chain to realize its internet transformation, specifically:(1) in the small micro financial reform and development process of the Internet, the small micro finance firm experienced external network adaptation, network technology renewal and update, technology and the relationship between each other embedded network three network types;(2) to keep matching with external network development, the company formed a "∣" shaped, "-" shaped and "T" shaped these three types of internal value chain, and successively adopted different resource access and ability to build a way to obtain the required resources and capability;(3) Small and micro finance adopts the approaches of means orientation, goal orientation and structure orientation to embed the enterprise internal value chain into the external network system, and realize the coordination of internal and external resource allocation. This article also expands the research field of enterprise transformation based on the Internet background, and also has considerable reference value for the Internet transformation of traditional enterprises, especially small and micro financial enterprises.
The rise of the Internet has led to rapid changes in the environment, which has raised higher requirements for the ability of small and micro financial enterprises to adapt to the external environment. In response to such a requirement, how can traditional small and micro finance adapt to the external rapid changing environment through Internet transformation? The existing research lacks rigorous academic discussion. This paper integrated enterprise external network and dynamic matching and internal value chain, related literature, through Yin jin, a micro financial enterprise, transformation case study found that small micro finance through dynamically matching the firm's internal network with external value chain to realize its internet transformation, specifically:(1) in the small micro financial reform and development process of the Internet, the small micro finance firm experienced external network adaptation, network technology renewal and update, technology and the relationship between each other embedded network three network types;(2) to keep matching with external network development, the company formed a "∣" shaped, "-" shaped and "T" shaped these three types of internal value chain, and successively adopted different resource access and ability to build a way to obtain the required resources and capability;(3) Small and micro finance adopts the approaches of means orientation, goal orientation and structure orientation to embed the enterprise internal value chain into the external network system, and realize the coordination of internal and external resource allocation. This article also expands the research field of enterprise transformation based on the Internet background, and also has considerable reference value for the Internet transformation of traditional enterprises, especially small and micro financial enterprises.
引文
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[16]赵宏霞,杨皎平,万君.关系营销策略对网络交易信任的作用机理分析.管理评论, 2010, 22(11):74-81.
[17] Kallinikos, J., Aaltonen, A., Marton, A.. The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts. Mis Quarterly, 2013, 37(2):357-370.
[18] Kallinikos, J.. The Regulative Regime of Technology. ICT and Innovation in the Public Sector., UK:Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
[19]李维安,林润辉,范建红.网络治理研究前沿与述评.南开管理评论, 2014, 17(5):42-53.
[20] Borgatti, S. P., Halgin, D. S.. On Network Theory. Organization Science, 2011, 22(5):1168-1181.
[21] Nevo, S., Nevo, D., Pinsonneault, A. A.. Temporally Situated Self-agency Theory of Information Technology Reinvention.Mis Quarterly, 2016, 40:157-186.
[22]周翔,罗顺均,吴能全,李芬香.核心能力快速丧失企业的公司创业——基于海印商业运营的公司创业纵向案例研究.管理世界, 2018,(6):157-172.
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[26] Zajac, E. J., Kraatz, M. S., Bresser, R. K. F.. Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit:A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21(4):429-453.
[27]许晖,冯永春,许守任.基于动态匹配视角的供应商与关键客户关系的构建与演进——力神开发12家关键客户的案例研究.管理世界, 2014,(5):107-123.
[28] Porter, M. E.. Competitive Advantage:Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York:Free Press, 1998.
[29]王艳丽.商业银行价值链重构问题探讨.会议论文:2014. 2.
[30]许晖,王琳,杨坤.基于利益相关者的企业绿色价值链重构——以卡博特(天津)为例.管理案例研究与评论, 2015,(1):33-44.
[31]寿涌毅,王伟姣, Dmitrij, S..制造业产品服务系统的价值链设计与重构——基于杭氧的案例研究.管理评论, 2016,(2):230-240.
[32] Beck, M., Bill, J.. Getting Past the Hype:Value Chain Rrestructuring in the E-economy. New York:Boot-Allen&Hamilton lnc., 2001.
[33] Fleckcr, J., Schonaucr, A.. Messenger-cross-Border Software Development:Organizational Case Study on Software in the IT Industry-Austrial. 2007.
[34]张颖.大型商业银行组织架构变革的目标模式——基于模型和案例的分析.经济管理, 2015,(3):110-119.
[35] Kumar, N., Puranam, P.. Have You Restructured for Global Success. Harvard Business Review, 2011, 89(10):123-128.
[36]杨成名.价值分析视角的利益相关者理论创新:一个研究框架.会议论文:2012.
[37] Eisenhardt, K. M., Martin, J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21(10):1105-1121.
[38] Eisenhardt, K. M.. Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-velocity Environments. Academy of Management Journal, 1989,32(3):543-576.
[39]苏芳,毛基业,谢卫红.资源贫乏企业应对环境剧变的拼凑过程研究.管理世界, 2016,(6):59-71.
[40] Pettigrew, A. M.. Longitudinal Field Research on Change:Theory and Practice. Organization Science, 1990, 3(1):267-292.
[41]魏江,应瑛,刘洋.研发网络分散化、组织学习顺序与创新绩效:比较案例研究.管理世界, 2014,(2):62-81.
[42]谭凌波,谢晋宇,陈扬.人力资源经理的议题营销过程与策略研究.管理世界, 2013,(2):61-83.
[43]罗顺均,李田,刘富先.后发追赶背景下“引智”学习促进企业升级的机制研究.管理世界, 2015,(10):61-84.
[44] Johanson, J., Mattsson, L. G.. Interorganizational Relations in Industrial Systems:A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction-cost Approach. M. E. Sharpe Inc. International Studies of Management&Organization, 1987, 48(1):55-89.
[45]丰琳.渣打银行矩阵式管理对我国商业银行的启示.金融理论与实践, 2006,(10):80-82.
[46] Douma, M. U., Bilderbeek, J., Idenburg, P. J.. Strategic Alliances:Managing the Dynamics of Fit. Long Range Planning, 2000,33(4):579-598.
[2]植凤寅.小贷公司突围.中国金融. 2016,(13):92-95.
[3]詹晓宁,欧阳永福.数字经济下全球投资的新趋势与中国利用外资的新战略.管理世界, 2018,(3):78-86.
[4]Kaplinsky, R., Morris, M.. A Handbook for Value Chain Research. Ottawa:IDRC, 2001.
[5]Humphrey, J., Schmitz, H.. How Does Insertion in Global Value Chains Affect Upgrading in Industrial Clusters. Regional Studies, 2002, 36(9):1017-1027.
[6]毛蕴诗,吴瑶.中国企业:转型升级.中山大学出版社, 2009.
[7]肖静华,谢康,吴瑶.从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链转型:电商企业供应链双案例研究.管理世界, 2015,(4):61-82.
[8]谢康,吴瑶,肖静华.组织变革中的战略风险控制——基于企业互联网转型的多案例研究.管理世界, 2016,(2):133-148.
[9]Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Salter, A.. The Role of Technolog in the Shift towards Open Innovation:The Case of Procter&Gamble.R&D Management, 2006, 36(3):333-346.
[10] Dahlander, L., Frederiksen, L., Rullani, F.. Online Communities and Open Innovation. Industry and Innovation, 2008, 15(2):115-123.
[11]Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., Bitner, M. J.. Relational Beneüts in Services Industries:The Customer`s Perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1998, 26(2):101-114.
[12]赵振.“互联网+”跨界经营:创造性破坏视角.中国工业经济,2015,(10):146-160.
[13] Mcdonald, C. G., Slawson, V. C. J.. Reputation in An Internet Auction Market. Economics Inquiry, 2002, 40(3):633-650.
[14] Gwinner, K. P., Gremler, D. D., Bitner, M. J.. Relational Beneüts in Services Industries:The Customer`s Perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1998, 26(2):101-114.
[15]宋晓兵,董大海.互联网环境下关系价值对顾客忠诚的影响研究.管理学报, 2009, 7(6):944-951.
[16]赵宏霞,杨皎平,万君.关系营销策略对网络交易信任的作用机理分析.管理评论, 2010, 22(11):74-81.
[17] Kallinikos, J., Aaltonen, A., Marton, A.. The Ambivalent Ontology of Digital Artifacts. Mis Quarterly, 2013, 37(2):357-370.
[18] Kallinikos, J.. The Regulative Regime of Technology. ICT and Innovation in the Public Sector., UK:Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
[19]李维安,林润辉,范建红.网络治理研究前沿与述评.南开管理评论, 2014, 17(5):42-53.
[20] Borgatti, S. P., Halgin, D. S.. On Network Theory. Organization Science, 2011, 22(5):1168-1181.
[21] Nevo, S., Nevo, D., Pinsonneault, A. A.. Temporally Situated Self-agency Theory of Information Technology Reinvention.Mis Quarterly, 2016, 40:157-186.
[22]周翔,罗顺均,吴能全,李芬香.核心能力快速丧失企业的公司创业——基于海印商业运营的公司创业纵向案例研究.管理世界, 2018,(6):157-172.
[23] Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M.. Qualitative Data Analysis:An Expanded Sourcebook. Incorporated:Sage Publications, 1994.
[24] Toulan, O., Birkinshaw, J., Arnold, D.. The Role of Interorganizational Fit in Global Account Management. International Studies of Management&Organization, 2006, 36(4):61-81.
[25] Doty, D. H., Glick, W. H., Huber, G. P.. Fit, Equifinality, and Organizational Effectiveness:A Test of Two Configurational Theories. Academy of Management Journal, 1993, 36(6):1196-1250.
[26] Zajac, E. J., Kraatz, M. S., Bresser, R. K. F.. Modeling the Dynamics of Strategic Fit:A Normative Approach to Strategic Change. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21(4):429-453.
[27]许晖,冯永春,许守任.基于动态匹配视角的供应商与关键客户关系的构建与演进——力神开发12家关键客户的案例研究.管理世界, 2014,(5):107-123.
[28] Porter, M. E.. Competitive Advantage:Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York:Free Press, 1998.
[29]王艳丽.商业银行价值链重构问题探讨.会议论文:2014. 2.
[30]许晖,王琳,杨坤.基于利益相关者的企业绿色价值链重构——以卡博特(天津)为例.管理案例研究与评论, 2015,(1):33-44.
[31]寿涌毅,王伟姣, Dmitrij, S..制造业产品服务系统的价值链设计与重构——基于杭氧的案例研究.管理评论, 2016,(2):230-240.
[32] Beck, M., Bill, J.. Getting Past the Hype:Value Chain Rrestructuring in the E-economy. New York:Boot-Allen&Hamilton lnc., 2001.
[33] Fleckcr, J., Schonaucr, A.. Messenger-cross-Border Software Development:Organizational Case Study on Software in the IT Industry-Austrial. 2007.
[34]张颖.大型商业银行组织架构变革的目标模式——基于模型和案例的分析.经济管理, 2015,(3):110-119.
[35] Kumar, N., Puranam, P.. Have You Restructured for Global Success. Harvard Business Review, 2011, 89(10):123-128.
[36]杨成名.价值分析视角的利益相关者理论创新:一个研究框架.会议论文:2012.
[37] Eisenhardt, K. M., Martin, J. A.. Dynamic Capabilities:What Are They. Strategic Management Journal, 2000, 21(10):1105-1121.
[38] Eisenhardt, K. M.. Making Fast Strategic Decisions in High-velocity Environments. Academy of Management Journal, 1989,32(3):543-576.
[39]苏芳,毛基业,谢卫红.资源贫乏企业应对环境剧变的拼凑过程研究.管理世界, 2016,(6):59-71.
[40] Pettigrew, A. M.. Longitudinal Field Research on Change:Theory and Practice. Organization Science, 1990, 3(1):267-292.
[41]魏江,应瑛,刘洋.研发网络分散化、组织学习顺序与创新绩效:比较案例研究.管理世界, 2014,(2):62-81.
[42]谭凌波,谢晋宇,陈扬.人力资源经理的议题营销过程与策略研究.管理世界, 2013,(2):61-83.
[43]罗顺均,李田,刘富先.后发追赶背景下“引智”学习促进企业升级的机制研究.管理世界, 2015,(10):61-84.
[44] Johanson, J., Mattsson, L. G.. Interorganizational Relations in Industrial Systems:A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction-cost Approach. M. E. Sharpe Inc. International Studies of Management&Organization, 1987, 48(1):55-89.
[45]丰琳.渣打银行矩阵式管理对我国商业银行的启示.金融理论与实践, 2006,(10):80-82.
[46] Douma, M. U., Bilderbeek, J., Idenburg, P. J.. Strategic Alliances:Managing the Dynamics of Fit. Long Range Planning, 2000,33(4):579-598.