不同降雨条件下坡面土壤水分入渗过程研究与模拟
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摘要
基于天然降雨条件下坡耕地径流小区土壤水分实测资料,利用Hydrus软件建立了一维非饱和土壤水分运动数值模型,并利用反演得到的土壤水力学参数,模拟研究了改变降雨条件后在较短时间内坡地土壤水分的变化规律。结果表明:相同降雨历时下,同一土层深度的土壤含水量达到最大值的时间随着降雨强度增加而减少;降雨对表层土壤含水量的影响程度更加明显,而深层土壤含水量则相对稳定。模拟发现不同降雨量对土壤入渗深度也不同,小雨可以入渗到10cm,中雨可以入渗到40cm,大雨则可以入渗到100cm及以下;在雨水入渗的过程中,深层土壤含水量呈现"滞后效应";当降雨量达到中雨及以上时,土壤含水量达到最大值后会出现"平台期"。
Based on the measured data of soil moisture in the sloping farmland under natural rainfall conditions,the numerical model of one-dimensional unsaturated soil water movement was established by Hydrus software.The soil hydraulic parameters obtained by inversion were used to simulate the soil water changes under different rainfall conditions. The results show that the rainfall on the surface layer and the deep soil layer decreases with the increase of the rainfall intensity. The effect of the rainfall on the surface soil moisture is more obvious,and the deep soil moisture is relatively stable. The result of the simulation found that different rainfall causes different infiltration depth. Light rain can penetrate to 10 cm layer,the moderate rain can penetrate into the 40 cm layer,the heavy rain can be infiltrated to 100 cm and below. During the rain infiltration,deep soil moisture shows the "hysteresis effect". When the rainfall reaches moderate rain and above,the soil moisture content emerges the"platform period"after the soil water content reaches the maximum value.
Based on the measured data of soil moisture in the sloping farmland under natural rainfall conditions,the numerical model of one-dimensional unsaturated soil water movement was established by Hydrus software.The soil hydraulic parameters obtained by inversion were used to simulate the soil water changes under different rainfall conditions. The results show that the rainfall on the surface layer and the deep soil layer decreases with the increase of the rainfall intensity. The effect of the rainfall on the surface soil moisture is more obvious,and the deep soil moisture is relatively stable. The result of the simulation found that different rainfall causes different infiltration depth. Light rain can penetrate to 10 cm layer,the moderate rain can penetrate into the 40 cm layer,the heavy rain can be infiltrated to 100 cm and below. During the rain infiltration,deep soil moisture shows the "hysteresis effect". When the rainfall reaches moderate rain and above,the soil moisture content emerges the"platform period"after the soil water content reaches the maximum value.
引文
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[3]沈冰,王文焰.降雨条件下黄土坡地表层土壤水分运动实验与数值模拟的研究[J].水利学报,1992(6):29-35.
[4]李裕元,邵明安.降雨条件下坡地水分转化特征实验研究[J].水利学报,2004(4):48-53.
[5]Yang L,Wei W,Chen L,et al.Response of deep soil moisture to land use and afforestation in the semi-arid Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012,475(6):111-122.
[6]李萍,李同录,王阿丹,等.黄土中水分迁移规律现场试验研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(5):1331-1339.
[7]霍思远,靳孟贵.不同降水及灌溉条件下的地下水入渗补给规律[J].水文地质工程地质,2015,42(5):6-13,21.
[8]LüH,Zhu Y,Skaggs T H,et al.Comparison of measured and simulated water storage in dryland terraces of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2009,96(2):299-306.
[9]Yi Caiqiong,Fan Jun.Application of HYDRUS-1D model to provide antecedent soil water contents for analysis of runoff and soil erosion from a slope on the Loess Plateau[J].Catena,2016,139:1-8.
[10]Simunek J,van Genuchten M Th,Sejna M.Development and applications of the HYDRUS and STANMOD software package sand related codes[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2008,7(9):587–600.
[11]白盛元,汪有科,马建鹏,等.黄土高原半干旱区降雨入渗试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(2):218-223,231.
[12]Tu X B,Kwong A K L,Dai F C,et al.Field monitoring of rainfall infiltration in a loess slope and analysis of failure mechanism of rainfall-induced landslides[J].Engineering Geology,2009,105(1-2):134-150.
[13]郭小娇,龚晓萍,汤庆佳,等.典型岩溶山坡土壤剖面水分对降雨响应过程研究[J].中国岩溶,2016,35(6):629-638.
[14]卫伟,温智,陈利顶,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区土壤结皮的地表水文效应[J].环境科学,2012,33(11):3901-3904.
[15]张敬晓,汪星,汪有科,等.黄土丘陵区林地干化土壤降雨入渗及水分迁移规律[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):231-238.
[16]蔡进军,张源润,王月玲,等.坡地雨水资源潜力分析及径流侵蚀的动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(4):44-47.