从《湘君》与《学衡》的离合看刘永济的辞章家风范
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摘要
本文以20世纪20年代的刘永济为中心,以"学衡"这一宽泛意义上的学术共同体为参照,以《湘君》与《学衡》的离合为焦点,旨在揭示刘永济的辞章家风范。刘永济之于《学衡》,始终扮演支持者、追随者的角色;而在《湘君》的话语空间中,他则有着更为自主的文化姿态。《湘君》与《学衡》一重创作、一重学术的差异,刘永济等的清高自持与吴宓等的斗士风范的差异,有助于我们亲切把握刘永济作为辞章家的气质。
This paper aims to reveal Liu Yongji's litterateur temperament by analyzing the separation and reunion of Xueheng and Xiangjun,and by focusing on Liu Yongji's activities in the 1920 s with reference to an inclusive definition of the academic community of Xueheng.In terms of Xueheng,Liu Yongji's role was always a supporter and a follower.In contrast,he adopted a more independent cultural attitude in terms of his discourse for Xiangjun.Unlike Xiangjun,which paid more attention to literature,Xueheng valorized academic research.Unlike Liu Yongji's high-hearted pride,Wu Mi's style was much more like one of a fighter.These differences reveal Liu Yongji's litterateur temperament.
This paper aims to reveal Liu Yongji's litterateur temperament by analyzing the separation and reunion of Xueheng and Xiangjun,and by focusing on Liu Yongji's activities in the 1920 s with reference to an inclusive definition of the academic community of Xueheng.In terms of Xueheng,Liu Yongji's role was always a supporter and a follower.In contrast,he adopted a more independent cultural attitude in terms of his discourse for Xiangjun.Unlike Xiangjun,which paid more attention to literature,Xueheng valorized academic research.Unlike Liu Yongji's high-hearted pride,Wu Mi's style was much more like one of a fighter.These differences reveal Liu Yongji's litterateur temperament.
引文
“学衡派评介”,《民国思想文丛·学衡派》,李帆主编。长春:长春出版社,2013年。1-22。["A Review and Introduction of the Xueheng School."The Collection of the Academic Circles during the Republic of China:The Xueheng School.Eds.Li Fan,et al.Changchun:Changchun Press,2013.1-22.]
“学衡简介”,《湘君》3(1924):175。["A Brief Introduction to Xueheng."Xiangjun 3(1924):175.]
曹丕:《曹丕集校注》,魏宏灿校注。合肥:安徽大学出版社.2009年。[Cao,Pi.The Annotated Complete Works of Cao Pi.Ed.Wei Hongcan.Hefei:Anhui University Press,2009.]
程千帆:“劳生志略”,《程千帆全集》第15卷,张伯伟编。石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000年。1-60。[Cheng,Qianfan."Memories of Life."The Complete Works of Cheng Qianfan.Vol.15.Ed.Zhang Bowei.Shijiazhuang:Hebei Education Press,2000.1-60.]
程千帆巩本栋:“刘永济先生的词学研究”,《古典文献研究》第五辑,南京大学古典文献研究所编。南京:江苏古籍出版社,2002年。1-26。[Cheng,Qianfan,and Gong Bendong."Liu Yongji's Study of Ci Poetry."Classical Literature Research.Vol.5.Nanjing:Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House,2002.1-26.]
“湘君简章”,《湘君》3(1924):224。["General Rules of Xiangjun."Xiangjun 3(1924):224.]
“学衡杂志简章”,《学衡》1(1922):1。["General Rules of Xueheng."Xueheng 1(1922):1.]
郭斌和:“南京高等师范学校二十周年纪念之意义”,《大学之魂:南京大学精神传统文存》,洪银兴、陈骏编。南京:南京大学出版社,2012年。76-79。[Guo,Binghe."The Significance of the Twenty Anniversary of Nanjing Higher Normal School."The Soul of University:The Corpus about the Spiritual Tradition of Nanjing University.Eds.Hong Yinxing and Chen Jun.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2012.76-79.]
“胡子靖先生年谱”,《百年明德磨血育人》,长沙明德中学百年校庆办编。长沙:明德中学,2003年。418-38。["Hu Zijing's Chronicle."The One Hundred Year History of the Mingde Middle School.Ed.The Centennial Office of the Mingde Middle School.Changsha:Mingde Middle School,2003.418-38.]
华麓农:“吴雨僧先生遗事”,《回忆吴宓先生》,黄世坦编。西安:陕西人民出版社,1990年。57-60。[Hua,Lu'nong."A Supplementary Record of Mr.Wu Yuseng's Deeds."In Memory of Mr.Wu Mi.Ed.Huang Shitan.Xi'an:Shaanxi People's Publishing House,1990.57-60.]
李绍平:“张舜徽先生与近代湘贤的交谊”,《张舜徽百年诞辰纪念国际学术研讨会论集》,周国林编。武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2011年。153-62。[Li,Shaoping."Mr.Zhang Shunhui's Association and Friendship with Modern Hunan Celebrities."Proceedings of the International Symposium on Zhang Shunhui's One Hundred Year Old Birthday.Ed.Zhou Guolin.Wuhan:Central China Normal University Press,2011.153-62.]
刘永济:“鹧鸪天”,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。56。[Liu,Yongji."Partridge Sky."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.56.]
——:“木兰花慢·楚辞亭”,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。17。[---."Slow Tune of the Magnolia The Pavilion with the Theme of the Songs of Chu."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.17.]
——:“文鉴篇”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。434-40。[---."The Discussion on the Appreciation of the Article."The Literary Theory:The Silent Record:Uncollected Essays.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.434-40.]
——:《词论宋词声律探源大纲》。北京:中华书局,2010年。[---.The Theory about the Ci Poetry:The Outline of the Source of The Ci Poetry's Rhythm of the Song Dynasty.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.]
——:《文学论默识录》。北京:中华书局,2010年。[---.The Literary Theory:The Silent Record.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.]
——:“论文学中相反相成之义”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。451-62。[---."The Discussion about the Truth of the Both Opposite and Complementary in Literature."The Theory about the Ci Poetry:The Outline of the Source of the Ci Poetry's Rhythm of the Song Dynasty.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.451-62.]
——:“旧诗话”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。463-75。[---."The old-style poetry talks."The Literary Theory:The Silent Record:Uncollected Essays.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.463-75.]
鲁迅:“一是之学说”,《鲁迅全集》第1卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。392-95。[Lu,Xun."The Theory of Uniform Standards."The Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.392-95.]
“上期报告”,《湘君》3(1924):169-71。["Report of Last Issue."Xiangjun 3(1924):169-71.]
沈卫威:《回眸“学衡派”——文化保守主义的现代命运》。北京:人民文学出版社,1999年。[Shen,Weiwei.The Review of the Xueheng School:the Modern Fate of Cultural Conservatism.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1999.]
——:《“学衡派”谱系——历史与叙事》。南昌:江西教育出版社,2007年。[---.The Genealogy of Xueheng School:History and Narrative.Nanchang:Jiangxi Education Publishing House,2007.]
吴芳吉:《吴芳吉集》,贺远明、吴汉骧、李坤栋选编。成都:巴蜀书社,1994年。[Wu,Fangji.The Complete Works of Wu Fangji.Eds.He Hanming,Wu Hanxiang,and Li Kundong.Chengdu:Bashu Publishing House,1994.]
——:“三论吾人眼中之新旧文学观”,《湘君》3(1924):1-25。[---."The Third Discussions on the New and Old Literature Ideas in Our Eyes."Xiangjun 3(1924):1-25.]
吴宓:《吴宓日记1917—1924》,吴学昭注。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998年。[Wu,Mi.Wu Mi's Diary 1917—1924.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,1998.]
——:《吴宓日记续编1961-1962》,吴学昭注。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006年。[---.The Continuation of Wu Mi's Diary 1961-1962.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2006.]
——:《吴宓书信集》,吴学昭编。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年。[---.Letters of Wu Mi.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2011.]
——:《吴宓自编年谱:1894-1925》,吴学昭整理。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1995年。[---.Wu Mi's Self-compiled Life Chronicle:1894-1925.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,1995.]
——:“新文化运动之反应”,《中华新报》增刊1922年10月10日。[---."Reaction to the New Culture Movement."China's New Newspaper 10 October,1922.]
徐正榜李中华罗立乾编:《刘永济先生年谱》,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。247-618。[Xu,Zhengbang,Li Zhonghua,and Luo Liqian,eds."Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.247-618.]
(1)按《刘永济先生年谱》1922年载:“5月,经梅光迪、吴宓介绍,为《学衡》杂志社撰文,无稿费,但非《学衡》社员。”参见:刘永济:“诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略”,载《刘永济先生年谱》,徐正榜、李中华、罗立乾编(北京:中华书局,2010年),第270页。
(2)按吴宓多次向刘永济、吴芳吉等人催稿。如1923年4月6日写给吴芳吉的书信中谓“宏度兄之词,已尽登,乞速续寄”。参见吴宓:“致吴芳吉(七)”,载《吴宓书信集》,吴学昭编(北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年),第92页。
(3)“松琴龙”即粤西词家龙继栋(1845年—1900年),字松岑,一字松琴,号槐庐,广西临桂人,清道光年间状元龙启瑞之子,著有《槐庐词学》。
“学衡简介”,《湘君》3(1924):175。["A Brief Introduction to Xueheng."Xiangjun 3(1924):175.]
曹丕:《曹丕集校注》,魏宏灿校注。合肥:安徽大学出版社.2009年。[Cao,Pi.The Annotated Complete Works of Cao Pi.Ed.Wei Hongcan.Hefei:Anhui University Press,2009.]
程千帆:“劳生志略”,《程千帆全集》第15卷,张伯伟编。石家庄:河北教育出版社,2000年。1-60。[Cheng,Qianfan."Memories of Life."The Complete Works of Cheng Qianfan.Vol.15.Ed.Zhang Bowei.Shijiazhuang:Hebei Education Press,2000.1-60.]
程千帆巩本栋:“刘永济先生的词学研究”,《古典文献研究》第五辑,南京大学古典文献研究所编。南京:江苏古籍出版社,2002年。1-26。[Cheng,Qianfan,and Gong Bendong."Liu Yongji's Study of Ci Poetry."Classical Literature Research.Vol.5.Nanjing:Jiangsu Ancient Book Publishing House,2002.1-26.]
“湘君简章”,《湘君》3(1924):224。["General Rules of Xiangjun."Xiangjun 3(1924):224.]
“学衡杂志简章”,《学衡》1(1922):1。["General Rules of Xueheng."Xueheng 1(1922):1.]
郭斌和:“南京高等师范学校二十周年纪念之意义”,《大学之魂:南京大学精神传统文存》,洪银兴、陈骏编。南京:南京大学出版社,2012年。76-79。[Guo,Binghe."The Significance of the Twenty Anniversary of Nanjing Higher Normal School."The Soul of University:The Corpus about the Spiritual Tradition of Nanjing University.Eds.Hong Yinxing and Chen Jun.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,2012.76-79.]
“胡子靖先生年谱”,《百年明德磨血育人》,长沙明德中学百年校庆办编。长沙:明德中学,2003年。418-38。["Hu Zijing's Chronicle."The One Hundred Year History of the Mingde Middle School.Ed.The Centennial Office of the Mingde Middle School.Changsha:Mingde Middle School,2003.418-38.]
华麓农:“吴雨僧先生遗事”,《回忆吴宓先生》,黄世坦编。西安:陕西人民出版社,1990年。57-60。[Hua,Lu'nong."A Supplementary Record of Mr.Wu Yuseng's Deeds."In Memory of Mr.Wu Mi.Ed.Huang Shitan.Xi'an:Shaanxi People's Publishing House,1990.57-60.]
李绍平:“张舜徽先生与近代湘贤的交谊”,《张舜徽百年诞辰纪念国际学术研讨会论集》,周国林编。武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2011年。153-62。[Li,Shaoping."Mr.Zhang Shunhui's Association and Friendship with Modern Hunan Celebrities."Proceedings of the International Symposium on Zhang Shunhui's One Hundred Year Old Birthday.Ed.Zhou Guolin.Wuhan:Central China Normal University Press,2011.153-62.]
刘永济:“鹧鸪天”,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。56。[Liu,Yongji."Partridge Sky."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.56.]
——:“木兰花慢·楚辞亭”,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。17。[---."Slow Tune of the Magnolia The Pavilion with the Theme of the Songs of Chu."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.17.]
——:“文鉴篇”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。434-40。[---."The Discussion on the Appreciation of the Article."The Literary Theory:The Silent Record:Uncollected Essays.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.434-40.]
——:《词论宋词声律探源大纲》。北京:中华书局,2010年。[---.The Theory about the Ci Poetry:The Outline of the Source of The Ci Poetry's Rhythm of the Song Dynasty.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.]
——:《文学论默识录》。北京:中华书局,2010年。[---.The Literary Theory:The Silent Record.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.]
——:“论文学中相反相成之义”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。451-62。[---."The Discussion about the Truth of the Both Opposite and Complementary in Literature."The Theory about the Ci Poetry:The Outline of the Source of the Ci Poetry's Rhythm of the Song Dynasty.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.451-62.]
——:“旧诗话”,《文学论默识录》附《论文拾遗》。北京:中华书局,2010年。463-75。[---."The old-style poetry talks."The Literary Theory:The Silent Record:Uncollected Essays.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.463-75.]
鲁迅:“一是之学说”,《鲁迅全集》第1卷。北京:人民文学出版社,1981年。392-95。[Lu,Xun."The Theory of Uniform Standards."The Complete Works of Lu Xun.Vol.1.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1981.392-95.]
“上期报告”,《湘君》3(1924):169-71。["Report of Last Issue."Xiangjun 3(1924):169-71.]
沈卫威:《回眸“学衡派”——文化保守主义的现代命运》。北京:人民文学出版社,1999年。[Shen,Weiwei.The Review of the Xueheng School:the Modern Fate of Cultural Conservatism.Beijing:People's Literature Publishing House,1999.]
——:《“学衡派”谱系——历史与叙事》。南昌:江西教育出版社,2007年。[---.The Genealogy of Xueheng School:History and Narrative.Nanchang:Jiangxi Education Publishing House,2007.]
吴芳吉:《吴芳吉集》,贺远明、吴汉骧、李坤栋选编。成都:巴蜀书社,1994年。[Wu,Fangji.The Complete Works of Wu Fangji.Eds.He Hanming,Wu Hanxiang,and Li Kundong.Chengdu:Bashu Publishing House,1994.]
——:“三论吾人眼中之新旧文学观”,《湘君》3(1924):1-25。[---."The Third Discussions on the New and Old Literature Ideas in Our Eyes."Xiangjun 3(1924):1-25.]
吴宓:《吴宓日记1917—1924》,吴学昭注。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1998年。[Wu,Mi.Wu Mi's Diary 1917—1924.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,1998.]
——:《吴宓日记续编1961-1962》,吴学昭注。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2006年。[---.The Continuation of Wu Mi's Diary 1961-1962.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2006.]
——:《吴宓书信集》,吴学昭编。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年。[---.Letters of Wu Mi.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,2011.]
——:《吴宓自编年谱:1894-1925》,吴学昭整理。北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,1995年。[---.Wu Mi's Self-compiled Life Chronicle:1894-1925.Ed.Wu Xuezhao.Beijing:SDX Joint Publishing Company,1995.]
——:“新文化运动之反应”,《中华新报》增刊1922年10月10日。[---."Reaction to the New Culture Movement."China's New Newspaper 10 October,1922.]
徐正榜李中华罗立乾编:《刘永济先生年谱》,《诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略》。北京:中华书局,2010年。247-618。[Xu,Zhengbang,Li Zhonghua,and Luo Liqian,eds."Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle."The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Ci Poetry:The Collection of the Liu Yongji's Poetry:Mr.Liu Yongji's Chronicle:Mr.Liu Yongji's Biography.Beijing:Zhonghua Book Company,2010.247-618.]
(1)按《刘永济先生年谱》1922年载:“5月,经梅光迪、吴宓介绍,为《学衡》杂志社撰文,无稿费,但非《学衡》社员。”参见:刘永济:“诵帚词集云巢诗存附年谱传略”,载《刘永济先生年谱》,徐正榜、李中华、罗立乾编(北京:中华书局,2010年),第270页。
(2)按吴宓多次向刘永济、吴芳吉等人催稿。如1923年4月6日写给吴芳吉的书信中谓“宏度兄之词,已尽登,乞速续寄”。参见吴宓:“致吴芳吉(七)”,载《吴宓书信集》,吴学昭编(北京:生活·读书·新知三联书店,2011年),第92页。
(3)“松琴龙”即粤西词家龙继栋(1845年—1900年),字松岑,一字松琴,号槐庐,广西临桂人,清道光年间状元龙启瑞之子,著有《槐庐词学》。