防治水果病害的生防酵母及生防制剂研究进展
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摘要
水果在生长和贮藏过程中极易受到病原菌侵染而腐烂,从而造成巨大的经济损失。目前,田间病害防控及采后果实贮藏保鲜主要依靠化学制剂。化学制剂因其高效性及便利性在农业领域备受欢迎,但化学制剂的广泛使用对人体和环境都造成了很大的危害。因此,水果防腐需要寻求更安全、环保并高效的方法,其中生物防治是替代化学防治的有效措施之一。本文主要探究了生防酵母对于水果采后病害的生防效果及存在问题,并对国内外生防制剂的研究现状和前景进行了分析讨论,以期能为我国酵母生防制剂的商业化生产与应用提供有价值的参考。
Fruits are vulnerable to pathogen infection and consequently decay during growth and storage, which causes huge economic losses. At present, the prevention and control fruit diseases and postharvest preservation are primarily achieved by the use of synthetic fungicides. Chemical fungicides are commonly used to control diseases of fruits and vegetables because of their high efficiency and convenience. However, due to the development of resistance to fungicides in fungal pathogens, which causes harmful effects on the environment and human health, it is necessary to develop safer alternative methods without causing any adverse effects on the environment or human health. Biological control using biological control agents(BCAs) especially antagonistic yeasts has emerged as a very promising way to substitute synthetic fungicides to mitigate postharvest diseases of fruits. This review outlines the advantages and shortcomings of biocontrol yeasts in the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of fruits and discusses the current status and future prospects of biological control agents. We hope that this review will provide valuable information for commercial production and application of biocontrol agents.
Fruits are vulnerable to pathogen infection and consequently decay during growth and storage, which causes huge economic losses. At present, the prevention and control fruit diseases and postharvest preservation are primarily achieved by the use of synthetic fungicides. Chemical fungicides are commonly used to control diseases of fruits and vegetables because of their high efficiency and convenience. However, due to the development of resistance to fungicides in fungal pathogens, which causes harmful effects on the environment and human health, it is necessary to develop safer alternative methods without causing any adverse effects on the environment or human health. Biological control using biological control agents(BCAs) especially antagonistic yeasts has emerged as a very promising way to substitute synthetic fungicides to mitigate postharvest diseases of fruits. This review outlines the advantages and shortcomings of biocontrol yeasts in the prevention and control of postharvest diseases of fruits and discusses the current status and future prospects of biological control agents. We hope that this review will provide valuable information for commercial production and application of biocontrol agents.
引文
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[2]GUSTAVSSON J,CEDERBERG C,SONESSON U,et al.Global food losses and food waste:extent,causes and prevention[R].Düsseldorf:Study Conducted for the International Congress,2011.
[3]SHARMA R R,SINGH D,SINGH R.Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables by microbial antagonists:a review[J].Biological Control,2009,50(3):205-221.DOI:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.001.
[4]邱德文.生物农药与生物防治发展战略浅谈[J].中国农业科技导报,2011,13(5):88-92.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2011.05.14.
[5]缪晓玲.控制蔬菜污染的措施[J].闽东农业科技,2016(3):20-21.
[6]高红娟,崔映青.葡萄常见病害及防治方法[J].中国园艺文摘,2012,28(9):163-164.
[7]MAHUNU G K,ZHANG H Y,YANG Q,et al.Improving the biocontrol efficacy of Pichia caribbica with phytic acid against postharvest blue mold and natural decay in apples[J].Biological Control,2016,92(1):172-180.DOI:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.10.012.
[8]LI W H,ZHANG H Y,LI P X,et al.Biocontrol of postharvest green mold of oranges by Hanseniaspora uvarum Y3 in combination with phosphatidylcholine[J].Biological Control,2016,103:30-38.DOI:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2016.07.014.
[9]周群.植物病害生物防治[J].现代农业,2016(6):28.
[10]宋金宇,刘程惠,胡文忠,等.拮抗酵母菌对果蔬病害防治的研究进展[J].保鲜与加工,2012,12(5):53-56.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6221.2012.05.012.
[11]WILSON C L,WISNIEWSKI M E,BILES C L,et al.Biological control of post-harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables:alternatives to synthetic fungicides[J].Crop Protection,1991,10(3):172-177.DOI:10.1016/0261-2194(91)90039-T.
[12]LUTZ M C,LOPES C A,RODRIGUEZ M E,et al.Efficacy and putative mode of action of native and commercial antagonistic yeasts against postharvest pathogens of pear[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2013,164(2/3):166-172.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.005.
[13]XU B,ZHANG H,CHEN K,et al.Biocontrol of postharvest rhizopus decay of peaches with Pichia caribbica[J].Current Microbiology,2013,67(2):255-261.DOI:10.1007/s00284-013-0359-9.
[14]LU L F,YE C Z,GUO S H,et al.Preharvest application of antagonistic yeast Rhodosporidium paludigenum induced resistance against postharvest diseases in mandarin orange[J].Biological Control,2013,67(2):130-136.DOI:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2013.07.016.
[15]李慧玲.毕赤酵母Pichia anomala SRF对苹果采后青霉病的生防机制研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学,2014:23-37.
[16]李强,张红印,杨其亚,等.一株生防酵母菌的筛选鉴定及对葡萄采后病害的生防效果[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(14):182-185.DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2014.14.032.
[17]CONCEIO C S,FELIX K C S,MARIANO R L R,et al.Combined effect of yeast and silicon on the control of bacterial fruit blotch in melon[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2014,174(4):164-170.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2014.05.027.
[18]NALLY M C,PESCE V M,MATURANO Y P,et al.Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea in table grapes by non-pathogenic indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts isolated from viticultural environments in Argentina[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2012,64(1):40-48.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2011.09.009.
[19]LI Renping,ZHANG Hongyin,LIU Weimin,et al.Biocontrol of postharvest gray and blue mold decay of apples with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and possible mechanisms of action[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2011,146(2):151-156.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.015.
[20]李万海.葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母结合卵磷脂对柑橘采后绿霉病的生物防治及其机制研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2016:20-24.
[21]YAKOBY N,ZHOU R,KOBILER I,et al.Development of colletotrichum gloeosporioides restriction enzyme-mediated integration mutants as biocontrol agents against anthracnose disease in avocado fruits[J].Phytopathology,2001,91(2):143-148.DOI:10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.2.143.
[22]LIMóN M C,PINTORTORO J A,BENíTEZ T.Increased antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum transformants that overexpress a 33-kDa chitinase[J].Phytopathology,1999,89(3):254-261.DOI:10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.3.254.
[23]闫愫.生防制剂的研究与应用[J].中国农村科技,2003(1):22-23.
[24]YU T,CHEN J,CHEN R,et al.Biocontrol of blue and gray mold diseases of pear fruit by integration of antagonistic yeast with salicylic acid[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2007,116(3):339-345.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.005.
[25]GUO J,FANG W W,LU H P,et al.Inhibition of green mold disease in mandarins by preventive applications of methyl jasmonate and antagonistic yeast Cryptococcus laurentii[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2014,88(1):72-78.DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.09.008.
[26]GENG P,CHEN S H,HU M Y,et al.Combination of Kluyveromyces marxianus and sodium bicarbonate for controlling green mold of citrus fruit[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,2011,151(2):190-194.DOI:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.08.023.
[27]ZHANG H Y,GE L L,CHEN K P,et al.Enhanced biocontrol activity of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa cultured in media containing chitosan against postharvest diseases in strawberries:possible mechanisms underlying the effect[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2014,62(18):4214-4224.DOI:10.1021/jf500065n.
[28]THOMIDIS T,PANTAZIS S,NAVROZIDIS E,et al.Biological control of fruit rots on strawberry and grape by BOTRY-Zen[J].New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science,2015,43(1):68-72.DOI:10.1080/01140671.2014.958502.
[29]丁燕.新西兰科学家发明新型葡萄病害生物抑制剂Botry-Zen[J].中外葡萄与葡萄酒,2006(4):75-76.
[30]CALYO-GARRIDO C,ELMER P A,USALL J.Suppression of Botrytis cinerea on necrotic grapevine tissues by early-season applications of natural products and biological control agents[J].Pest Management Science,2014,70(4):595-602.DOI:10.1002/ps.3587.
[31]DROBY S,COHEN L,DAUS A,et al.Commercial testing of aspire:a yeast preparation for the biological control of postharvest decay of citrus[J].Biological Control,1998,12(2):97-101.DOI:10.1006/bcon.1998.0615.
[32]DROBY S,WISNIEWSKI M,GHAOUTH A E,et al.Influence of food additives on the control of postharvest rots of apple and peach and efficacy of the yeast-based biocontrol product aspire[J].Postharvest Biology&Technology,2003,27(2):127-135.DOI:10.1016/S0925-5214(02)00046-7.
[33]TORRES R,USALL J,TEIXIDóN,et al.Liquid formulation of the biocontrol agent Candida sake by modifying water activity or adding protectants[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2003,94(2):330-339.DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01843.x.
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