哈茨木霉对紫羊茅和草地早熟禾的促生及抗性诱导作用
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摘要
为研究哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum)对紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)和草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)生长的影响和抗性的诱导作用,以不同浓度的哈茨木霉提取液对两种草进行种子萌发及盆栽试验。结果表明,哈茨木霉可以提高两种草种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,其中以1×10~4cfu·mL~(-1)哈茨木霉提取液的提高效果最为显著(P<0.05)。此外哈茨木霉处理后两种草幼苗的胚根、胚芽长度显著高于对照(P<0.05)。土壤中加入1×10~7cfu·mL~(-1)哈茨木霉可以增加两种草的株高、相对含水量及生物量,并可以提高叶片可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性。因此,1×10~4 cfu·mL~(-1)的哈茨木霉可以促进紫羊茅和草地早熟禾种子的萌发和幼苗生长;1×10~7cfu·mL~(-1)哈茨木霉对两种草的营养生长有明显的促生效应,并可以诱导两种草抗性的产生。
In order to study the effect of growth promotion and resistance induction of Trichoderma harzianum on Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis,a seed germination experiment and a pot culture experiment were conducted with different concentrations of T.harzianumextracts.The results showed that the germination potential,germination rate,germination index,and vigor index of the two species of grass were significantly higher than those of the control species(CK),and the effect of 1×10~4 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum,in particular,were significant(P<0.05).The radicle length and plumule length of the seedlings were significantly longer than those of the control(P<0.05).The results of the pot experiment showed that 1×10~7 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianumextract could increase the biomass,plant height,and relative water content of F.rubra and P.pratensis;the content of proline,soluble protein,and soluble sugar and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in leaves of the two species of grass were greater than those of leaves of the CK.In summary,1×10~4 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum had a better effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the two species of grass,while 1×10~7 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum could promote growth and induce resistance in the vegetative growth phase of P.pratensis and F.rubra.
In order to study the effect of growth promotion and resistance induction of Trichoderma harzianum on Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis,a seed germination experiment and a pot culture experiment were conducted with different concentrations of T.harzianumextracts.The results showed that the germination potential,germination rate,germination index,and vigor index of the two species of grass were significantly higher than those of the control species(CK),and the effect of 1×10~4 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum,in particular,were significant(P<0.05).The radicle length and plumule length of the seedlings were significantly longer than those of the control(P<0.05).The results of the pot experiment showed that 1×10~7 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianumextract could increase the biomass,plant height,and relative water content of F.rubra and P.pratensis;the content of proline,soluble protein,and soluble sugar and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in leaves of the two species of grass were greater than those of leaves of the CK.In summary,1×10~4 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum had a better effect on seed germination and seedling growth of the two species of grass,while 1×10~7 cfu·mL~(-1) T.harzianum could promote growth and induce resistance in the vegetative growth phase of P.pratensis and F.rubra.
引文
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[4]孙铁军,苏日古嘎,马万里,武菊英.10种禾草苗期抗旱性的比较研究.草业学报,2008,17(4):42-49.SUN T J,SURIGUGA,MA W L,WU J Y.Drought resistance of ten seedling grasses.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2008,17(4):42-49.
[5]刘志民,李雪华,李荣平,蒋德明,曹成有.科尔沁沙地15种禾本科植物种子萌发特性比较.应用生态学报,2003,14(9):1416-1420.LIU Z M,LI X H,LI R P,JIANG D M,CAO C Y.A comparative study on seed germination of 15grass spesies in Kerqin Sandyland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(9):1416-1420.
[6]余如刚,杜雪玲,陈楚,周秀杰,史刚荣.PEG胁迫对三种豆科牧草种子萌发及幼苗生理影响.干旱地区农业研究,2012,35(5):99-103.SHI R G,DU X L,CHEN C,ZHOU X J,SHI G R.Effect of PEG stress on seed germination and seeding physiology of three Legumes.Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,35(5):99-103.
[7]多立安,赵树兰,高玉葆.草坪建植体系构建中的生态问题.生态学报,2007,27(3):1065-1071.DUO L A,ZHAO S L,GAO Y B.Probe into several ecological issues related to the establishment of urban turf systems.Acta Ecological Sinica,2007,27(3):1065-1071.
[8]韩宝贺,朱宏,张艺馨.镉对三种草坪草种子萌发与生长的影响.中国草地学报,2014,36(3):98-103.HAN B H,ZHU H,ZHANG Y X.Effect of cadmium stress on the seed germination and growth of three turfgrass.Chinese Journal of Grassland,2014,36(3):98-103.
[9]童有为,陈淡飞.温室土壤次生盐渍化的形成和治理途径研究.园艺学报,1991(2):159-162.TONG Y W,CHEN D F.Study on the cause and control of secondary saline soils in greenhouses.Acta Horticulturae Snica,1991(2):159-162.
[10]范占煌,董国云.重金属污染土壤植物修复治理与农业利用研究进展.资源节约与环保,2015(2):167-169.FAN Z H,DONG G Y.Research progress on phytoremediation and agricultural utilization of heavy metal contaminated soil.Resources Economization&Environmental Protection,2015(2):167-169.
[11]徐文,黄媛媛,黄亚丽,贾振华,宋水山.木霉-植物互作机制的研究进展.中国生物防治学报,2017,33(3):408-414.XU W,HUANG Y Y,HUANG Y L,JIA Z H,SONG S S.Advances on mechanism of Trichoderma--plant interaction.Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2017,33(3):408-414.
[12]HARMAN G E,HOWELL C R,VITERBO A,CHET I,LORITO M.Trichoderma species-opportunistic,avirulent plant symbionts.Nature Reviews Microbiology,2004,2(1):43-56.
[13]陆宁海,徐瑞富,房振宏,吴利民,李小红,邵钢峰.哈茨木霉对小麦和玉米幼苗生长的影响.江苏农业学报,2005,21(3):238-240.LU N H,XU R F,FANG Z H,WU L M,LI X H,SHAO G F.Influence of T.harzianumon growth of wheat and corn seedling.Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2005,21(3):238-240.
[14]陆宁海,吴利民,田雪亮,徐瑞富.哈茨木霉对番茄幼苗促生作用机理的初步研究.西北农业学报,2007,16(6):192-194.LU H N,WU L M,TIAN X L,XU R F.The effect of Trichoderma harzianum on tomato seedling growth.Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16(6):192-194.
[15]CONTRERAS-CORNEJO H A,MACIAS-RODRIGUEZ L,CORYES-PENAGOS C,LOPEZ-BUCIO J.Trichoderma virens,a plant beneficial fungus,enhances biomass production and promotes lateral root growth through an auxin-dependent mechanism in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiology,2009,149(3):1579-1592.
[16]穆红梅,杨重军,何宝玉.哈茨木霉对三种作物种子萌发及生长的影响.吉林农业科学,2014,39(5):5-7.MU H M,YANG C J,HE B Y.Impact of Trichoderma solution on seed germination and growth of three crops.Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2014,39(5):5-7.
[17]AZARMI R,HAJIEGHRARI B,GIGLOU A.Effect of Trichoderma isolates on tomato seedling growth response and nutrient uptake.African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(31):5850-5855.
[18]赵蕾,滕安娜.木霉对植物的促生及诱导抗性研究进展.植物保护,2010,36(3):43-46.ZHAO L,TENG A N.Research progress in Trichoderma-stimulatedplant growth and induced plant resistance.Plant Protection,2010,36(3):43-46.
[19]ZHANG T L,ZHU J W,CHEN J.SM1protein produced by Trichoderma virens induces defense responses and activates ROS signaling pathway in Arabidopsis.Mycosystema,2014,33(6):1302-1312.
[20]国家质量技术监督局.牧草种子检验规程.北京:中国标准出版社,2005.The State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision.Rulers for Forage Seed Testing:Germination Test.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2005.
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