上海大都市区物流企业区位分布特征及其演化
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摘要
物流企业的空间分布决定城市物流空间格局、影响城市资源和生产空间的合理配置。以上海大都市区1995年以来物流企业属性数据为基础,综合应用区位商、平均最近邻、核密度及协同区位商等测度方法,探究各类物流企业的区位及其演化特征。研究发现:(1)受资源禀赋、区位条件及发展定位不同的影响,上海大都市区物流业发展水平存在明显的时空异质性,区域各类物流企业的时空发展水平差异显著;(2)上海大都市区物流企业正由"中心布局"转变为多"核心-边缘"模式,在中心区集聚极化的同时,郊区外围也集聚分布了大量物流企业,城市物流空间不断向外围扩张;(3)货代类和综合物流类企业通过信息共享、服务零库存等因素,促进企业间的共位选择;其他类型物流企业由于地域分工、企业选址分散,则出现了区位互斥现象。研究揭示了上海大都市区物流空间区位特征,既补充了城市物流的理论研究,也为今后城市物流业和物流设施发展提供借鉴。
The spatial distribution of logistics enterprises determines the spatial pattern of urban logistics and affects the rational allocation of urban resources and production space. Based on the data of logistics enterprises in Shanghai since 1995,this study uses the measurement methods such as location quotient,average nearest neighbor,kernel density and co-location quotient to explore the location and evolution characteristics of various logistics enterprises. The results show that:( 1) Due to the different resource endowments,location conditions and development orientation,the development level of logistics industry in Shanghai metropolitan area is obviously space-time heterogeneity,and the difference of space-time development level among various logistics enterprises in the region is significant.( 2) The logistics enterprises in Shanghai metropolitan area are shifting from "central layout"to multi-core-periphery model. While logistics enterprises are concentrated and polarized in the central area,a large number of logistics enterprises are clustered and distributed outside the suburbs. The urban logistics space is expanding to the periphery.( 3) Freight Forwarder and integrated logistics enterprises through the information sharing,zero inventory services and other factors,to promote mutual choice between enterprises;other types of logistics enterprises due to geographical division of labor,business locations scattered,there has been the location of mutual exclusion phenomenon. This research reveals the location characteristics of Shanghai metropolitan logistics space,which not only complements the theoretical research of urban logistics,but also provides reference for the development of urban logistics and logistics facilities in the future.
The spatial distribution of logistics enterprises determines the spatial pattern of urban logistics and affects the rational allocation of urban resources and production space. Based on the data of logistics enterprises in Shanghai since 1995,this study uses the measurement methods such as location quotient,average nearest neighbor,kernel density and co-location quotient to explore the location and evolution characteristics of various logistics enterprises. The results show that:( 1) Due to the different resource endowments,location conditions and development orientation,the development level of logistics industry in Shanghai metropolitan area is obviously space-time heterogeneity,and the difference of space-time development level among various logistics enterprises in the region is significant.( 2) The logistics enterprises in Shanghai metropolitan area are shifting from "central layout"to multi-core-periphery model. While logistics enterprises are concentrated and polarized in the central area,a large number of logistics enterprises are clustered and distributed outside the suburbs. The urban logistics space is expanding to the periphery.( 3) Freight Forwarder and integrated logistics enterprises through the information sharing,zero inventory services and other factors,to promote mutual choice between enterprises;other types of logistics enterprises due to geographical division of labor,business locations scattered,there has been the location of mutual exclusion phenomenon. This research reveals the location characteristics of Shanghai metropolitan logistics space,which not only complements the theoretical research of urban logistics,but also provides reference for the development of urban logistics and logistics facilities in the future.
引文
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[21]COLLOTTA M,CHAMPAGNE P,MABEE W,et al.Environmental assessment of co-location alternatives for a microalgae cultivation plant:a case study in the city of Kingston(Canada)[J].Energy Procedia,2016,95:29-36.
[22]YUAN F,GAO J,WANG L,et al.Co-location of manufacturing and producer services in Nanjing,China[J].Cities,2017,63:81-91.
[23]HEUVEL F P V D,LANGEN P W D,DONSELAAR K H V,et al.Proximity matters:synergies through co-location of logistics establishments[J].International Journal of Logistics Research&Applications,2014,17(5):377-395.
[24]TIMOTHY F.LESLIE,BARRY J.KRONENFELD.The colocation quotient:a new measure of spatial association between categorical subsets of points[J].Geographical Analysis,2011,43(3):306-326.
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[26]ZHOU C,XIAO W D,TANG D Q.Mining co-location patterns from spatial data[J].2016,III-2:85-90.
[27]SHOU-BO X U.The material flow(Cont.)[J].China Business&Market,2007.
[28]ARBIA G,ESPA G,QUAH D.A class of spatial econometric methods in the empirical analysis of clusters of firms in the space[J].Empirical Economics,2008,34(1):81-103.
[29]LESLIE T F,FRANKENFELD C L,MAKARA M A.The spatial food environment of the DC metropolitan area:Clustering,co-location,and categorical differentiation[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1-2):300-307.
[30]CROMLEY E K,WILSON-GENDERSON M,CHRISTMAN Z,et al.Colocation of older adults with successful aging based on objective and subjective measures[J].Applied Geography,2015,56:13-20.
[2]RIVERA L,SHEFFI Y,WELSCH R.Logistics agglomeration in the US[J].Transportation Research Part A,2014,59(11):222-238.
[3]RIVERA L,SHEFFI Y,KNOPPEN D.Logistics clusters:the impact of further agglomeration,training and firm size on collaboration and value added services[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2016,179:285-294.
[4]PAN Y,CAO X.Spatial patterns and their formation mechanism of supply logistics network of wholesale markets in Guangzhou[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012,67(2):179-188.
[5]BRIAN SLACk.Across the pond:container shipping on the north atlantic in the era of globalisation[J].Geo Journal,1999,48(1):9-14.
[6]BOWEN J.Network change,deregulation,and access in the global airline industry[J].Economic Geography,2010,78(4):425-439.
[7]BOWEN J,LEINBACH T.Market concentration in the air freight forwarding industry[J].Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie,2010,95(2):174-188.
[8]HESSE M.Land for logistics:Locational dynamics,real estate markets and political regulation of regional distribution complexes[J].Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie,2010,95(2):162-173.
[9]LIGT T D,WEVER E.European distribution centres:location patterns[J].Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie,2010,89(2):217-223.
[10]OUM T H,ZHANG A,SWAN W.Air cargo logistics and hub developments[J].Transportation Research Part E Logistics&Transportation Review,2004,40(2):81-82.
[11]HONG J,CHIN A T H,LIU B.Firm-specific characteristics and logistics outsourcing by Chinese manufacturers[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing&Logistics,2004,16(3):23-36.
[12]EGERAAT C V,JACOBSON D.Geography of production linkages in the Irish and Scottish microcomputer industry:the role of logistics[J].Economic Geography,2010,81(3):283-303.
[13]KANEKO J,NOJIRI W.The logistics of Just-in-Time between parts suppliers and car assemblers in Japan[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2008,16(3):155-173.
[14]曹卫东.城市物流企业区位分布的空间格局及其演化——以苏州市为例[J].地理研究,2011,30(11):1997-2007.CAO W D.Spatial pattern and location evolution of urban logistics enterprises:taking suzhou as an example[J].Geographical Research,2011,30(11):1997-2007.
[15]潘坤友,曹有挥,曹卫东,等.安徽沿江中心城镇“轴-辐”物流网络构建研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(4):421-426.PAN K Y,CAO Y H,CAO C D,et al.Study on constructing hub-and-spoke logistic network of central towns in riverside area of Yangtze in Anhui Province[J].Resources and environment in the Yangtze basin,2006,15(4):421-426.
[16]宗会明,王鹏程,戴技才.重庆市主城区物流园区空间布局及其对城市空间结构的影响[J].地理科学,2015,35(7):831-837.ZONG H M,WANG P C,DAI J C.The spatial layout of logistics parks in Chongqing urban area and its impacts on the urban structure[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,35(7):831-837.
[17]梁双波,曹有挥,吴威.基于综合交通运输成本的港口后勤区域区位评价——以上海外高桥保税物流园区为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(7):825-831.LIANG S B,CAO Y H,WU W.Location evaluation of port backup area based on comprehensive transportation costs:taking waigaoqiao bounded logistics park in Shanghai for example[J].Resources and environment in the Yangtze basin,2013,22(7):825-831.
[18]陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,2016,35(04):703-716.CHEN W S,LIU L,LIANG Y T.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data[J].Geographical Research,2016,35(04):703-716.
[19]LI G,JIN F,YU C,et al.Location characteristics and differentiation mechanism of logistics nodes and logistics enterprises based on points of interest(POI):a case study of Beijing[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2017,27(7):879-896.
[20]YU W.Spatial co-location pattern mining for location-based services in Road Networks[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2016,46:324-335.
[21]COLLOTTA M,CHAMPAGNE P,MABEE W,et al.Environmental assessment of co-location alternatives for a microalgae cultivation plant:a case study in the city of Kingston(Canada)[J].Energy Procedia,2016,95:29-36.
[22]YUAN F,GAO J,WANG L,et al.Co-location of manufacturing and producer services in Nanjing,China[J].Cities,2017,63:81-91.
[23]HEUVEL F P V D,LANGEN P W D,DONSELAAR K H V,et al.Proximity matters:synergies through co-location of logistics establishments[J].International Journal of Logistics Research&Applications,2014,17(5):377-395.
[24]TIMOTHY F.LESLIE,BARRY J.KRONENFELD.The colocation quotient:a new measure of spatial association between categorical subsets of points[J].Geographical Analysis,2011,43(3):306-326.
[25]ADILMAGAMBETOV A,ZAIANE O R,OSORNIO-VARGAS A.Discovering co-location patterns in datasets with extended spatial objects[J].2013.
[26]ZHOU C,XIAO W D,TANG D Q.Mining co-location patterns from spatial data[J].2016,III-2:85-90.
[27]SHOU-BO X U.The material flow(Cont.)[J].China Business&Market,2007.
[28]ARBIA G,ESPA G,QUAH D.A class of spatial econometric methods in the empirical analysis of clusters of firms in the space[J].Empirical Economics,2008,34(1):81-103.
[29]LESLIE T F,FRANKENFELD C L,MAKARA M A.The spatial food environment of the DC metropolitan area:Clustering,co-location,and categorical differentiation[J].Applied Geography,2012,35(1-2):300-307.
[30]CROMLEY E K,WILSON-GENDERSON M,CHRISTMAN Z,et al.Colocation of older adults with successful aging based on objective and subjective measures[J].Applied Geography,2015,56:13-20.