缓释氮肥一次性施肥对单季稻氮素吸收和产量的影响
|
摘要
【目的】研究不同类型缓释氮肥一次性施肥的单季稻氮肥减施和稳产效应,筛选适宜于单季稻一次性施肥的缓释氮肥类型。【方法】2013—2016年在浙江省长兴县林城镇、太湖新城和金华市蒋堂镇分别布置11个缓释氮肥一次性施肥田间小区试验,比较树脂包膜尿素(RCU)、聚氨酯包膜尿素(PCU)和稳定性肥料(NIU)等缓释氮肥一次性施肥处理(氮肥用量225 kg·hm~(-2))与常规分次施肥处理(尿素Urea,种植大户常规施肥,270 kg·hm~(-2))在单季稻产量、土壤氮素供应特征和水稻氮素吸收特征、氮肥利用率等方面的差异。【结果】(1)多点试验汇总结果表明不施氮肥处理(N0)的水稻产量为Urea处理的83.9%,3个试验点Urea处理的平均氮肥利用率为19.2%—20.1%。3种缓释氮肥一次性施肥处理单季稻平均产量与Urea处理间没有显著差异。(2)RCU和PCU处理在林城和太湖新城试验中地上部氮含量、氮素吸收量与Urea处理间没有显著差异,NIU处理在太湖新城试验中地上部氮含量著低于Urea处理。金华试验点籼粳杂交稻品种试验中3种缓释氮肥处理稻谷中氮含量都明显下降。(3)RCU处理单季稻平均产量显著高于PCU和NIU处理,多点试验中产量变异系数较小,水稻生长后期土壤铵态氮含量和植株氮素吸收强度都高于Urea处理,氮肥利用率比Urea处理提高了2.8—9.0个百分点。【结论】基于现阶段土壤基础肥力和常规施肥量,采用RCU、PCU或NIU一次性基施,氮肥用量比现阶段常规施肥量减少16.7%时,可以满足单季稻一次性施肥要求。
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the stable-yield effect and mechanism of one-off fertilization of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer(SRF) in the single-season rice, and to screen the suitable types of SRF in the single-rice system. 【Method】 To determine the differences in rice yield, dynamic changes in soil N supply and N uptake by rice during the rice-growing season between one-off fertilization of slow-released fertilizers(stabilized fertilizer, NIU; resin coated urea, RCU; and polyurethane coated urea, PCU; 225 kg·hm~(-2)) and split application of urea(Urea, 270 kg·hm~(-2)), we carried out 11 field plot trials in a single-crop rice system at the Lincheng and Taihu Xincheng of Changxin county and Jiangtang of Jinhua county, in the Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2016. 【Result】(1) The results showed that the rice yield in N0 treatment was 83.9% of that in Urea treatment. The mean N use efficiency(NUE) in the Urea treatment was 19.2%-20.1% at the three sites. No significant difference was found in average rice yield between the one-off fertilization of SRFs and Urea.(2) There were no significant differences in the N concentration in rice plant and N uptake by rice among the RCU, PCU and Urea treatments at Lincheng and Taihu Xincheng, while the N concentration in rice plant was significantly lower in the NIU treatment than in the Urea treatment. All the N concentrations in grain were significantly lower in the three SRFs treatments than that in the Urea treatment at Jinhua.(3) The rice yield was significantly higher in the RCU treatment than in both PCU and NIU treatment. The coefficient of variation of rice yield was relatively low in the RCU treatment. In the late stage of rice growing, the soil ammonium-N and N uptake intensity was significantly higher in the RCU treatment than that in the Urea treatment, respectively. Application of SRFs increased the N use efficiency by 2.8%-9.0%, compared to the Urea treatment. 【Conclusion】 Based on the basic soil fertility and conventional N application rate, one-off fertilization of RCU, PCU or NIU, reducing N rate by 16.7%, could maintain the grain yield of rice. Thus, one-off fertilization of slow release fertilizer was an alternative N management in single-rice system.
【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the stable-yield effect and mechanism of one-off fertilization of slow-released nitrogen fertilizer(SRF) in the single-season rice, and to screen the suitable types of SRF in the single-rice system. 【Method】 To determine the differences in rice yield, dynamic changes in soil N supply and N uptake by rice during the rice-growing season between one-off fertilization of slow-released fertilizers(stabilized fertilizer, NIU; resin coated urea, RCU; and polyurethane coated urea, PCU; 225 kg·hm~(-2)) and split application of urea(Urea, 270 kg·hm~(-2)), we carried out 11 field plot trials in a single-crop rice system at the Lincheng and Taihu Xincheng of Changxin county and Jiangtang of Jinhua county, in the Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2016. 【Result】(1) The results showed that the rice yield in N0 treatment was 83.9% of that in Urea treatment. The mean N use efficiency(NUE) in the Urea treatment was 19.2%-20.1% at the three sites. No significant difference was found in average rice yield between the one-off fertilization of SRFs and Urea.(2) There were no significant differences in the N concentration in rice plant and N uptake by rice among the RCU, PCU and Urea treatments at Lincheng and Taihu Xincheng, while the N concentration in rice plant was significantly lower in the NIU treatment than in the Urea treatment. All the N concentrations in grain were significantly lower in the three SRFs treatments than that in the Urea treatment at Jinhua.(3) The rice yield was significantly higher in the RCU treatment than in both PCU and NIU treatment. The coefficient of variation of rice yield was relatively low in the RCU treatment. In the late stage of rice growing, the soil ammonium-N and N uptake intensity was significantly higher in the RCU treatment than that in the Urea treatment, respectively. Application of SRFs increased the N use efficiency by 2.8%-9.0%, compared to the Urea treatment. 【Conclusion】 Based on the basic soil fertility and conventional N application rate, one-off fertilization of RCU, PCU or NIU, reducing N rate by 16.7%, could maintain the grain yield of rice. Thus, one-off fertilization of slow release fertilizer was an alternative N management in single-rice system.
引文
[1]PENG S B,HUANG J L,ZHONG X H,YANG J C,WANG G H,ZOU Y B,ZHANG F S,ZHU Q S,BURESH R,WITT C.Challenge and opportunity in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China.Agricultural Science in China,2002,1(7):776-785.
[2]张秀芝,易琼,朱平,何萍,杨利,范先鹏,熊桂云.氮肥运筹对水稻农学效应和氮素利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):782-788.ZHANG X Z,YI Q,ZHU P,HE P,YANG L,FAN X P,XIONG G Y.Agronomic responses to nitrogen application and nitrogen utilization in rice fields.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2011,17(4):782-788.(in Chinese)
[3]王泽浩,尹力初,付薇薇,张泷丹.施肥管理改变对红壤性水稻土氧化亚氮排放的影响.作物研究,2015,29(3):272-276.WANG Z H,YIN L C,FU W W,ZHANG L D.Effect of fertilization changing on nitrous oxide flux in paddy soil from red soil.Crop Research,2015,29(3):272-276.(in Chinese)
[4]谢立勇,许婧,郭李萍,徐玉秀,孙雪,赵洪亮,郭飞,赵迅.水肥管理对稻田CH4排放及其全球增温潜势影响的评估.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(7):958-967.XIE L Y,XU J,GUO L P,XU Y X,SUN X,ZHAO H L,GUO F,ZHAO X.Impact of water/fertilizer management on methane emission in paddy fields and on global warming potential.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(7):958-967.(in Chinese)
[5]朱坚,纪雄辉,田发祥,吴家梅,刘昭兵,彭华,柳赛花,官迪,谢运河.典型双季稻田施磷流失风险及阈值研究.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1425-1433.ZHU J,JI X H,TIAN F X,WU J M,LIU S B,PENG H,LIU S H,GUAN D,XIE Y H.Research on P loss risk and threshold value in typical double-cropping rice field.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(7):1425-1433.(in Chinese)
[6]田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响.中国农学通报,2010,26(12):150-157.TIAN K,ZHONG X H,HUANG N R.Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth,development and nitrogen uptake of rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(12):150-157.(in Chinese)
[7]卢铁钢,崔月峰,孙国才,王俊茹,王桂艳,王健.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响.作物研究,2012,26(4):320-323.LU T G,CUI Y F,SUN G C,WANG J R,WANG G Y,WANG J.Effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.Crop Research,2012,26(4):320-323.(in Chinese)
[8]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,薛利红,李刚华,丁艳锋,杨林章.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响.中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1872-1884.FAN L H,XU S S,HOU P F,XUE L H,LI G H,DING Y F,YANG LZ.Effect of different ratios of basal to tiller nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen utilization under different soil fertility.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(10):1872-1884.(in Chinese)
[9]张木,唐栓虎,逢玉万,易琼,黄旭,黄巧义.不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):69-75.ZHANG M,TANG S H,FENG Y W,YI Q,HUANG X,HUANG Q Y.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(2):69-75.(in Chinese)
[10]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,严奉君,孙永健,杨志远.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1048-1057.PENG Y,MA J,JIANG M J,YAN F J,SUN Y J,YANG Z Y.Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2013,19(5):1048-1057.(in Chinese)
[11]陈建生,徐培智,唐栓虎,张发宝,谢春生.一次基施水稻控释肥技术的养分利用率及增产效果.应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1868-1871.CHEN J S,XU P Z,TANG S H,ZHANG F B,XIE C S.Nutrient use efficiency and yield-increasing effect of single basal application of rice-specific controlled release fertilizer.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(10):1868-1871.(in Chinese)
[12]GUO C,LI P F,LU J W,REN T,CONG R H,LI X K.Application of controlled-release urea in rice:reducing environmental risk while increasing grain yield and improving nitrogen use efficiency.Communication in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2016,47(9):1176-1183.
[13]GENG J B,SUN Y B,ZHANG M,LI C L,YANG Y C,LIU Z G.Long-term effects of controlled release urea application on crop yields and soil fertility under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.Field Crops Research,2015,184:65-73.
[14]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,李成亮,马丽,陈剑秋.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究.水土保持学报,2014,28(1):215-220.JIANG X L,CHEN B C,ZHANG M,LI C L,MA L,CHEN J Q.Study on the correlation between nitrogen release dynamics of controlled-release fertilizer and nitrogen uptake of the rice.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(1):215-220.(in Chinese)
[15]李玥,李应洪,赵建红,孙永健,徐徽,严奉君,谢华英,马均.缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(6):673-684.LI Y,LI Y H,ZHAO J H,SUN Y J,XU H,YAN F J,XIE H Y,MA J.Effects of slow-and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield of machine-trans-planted rice.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric&Life Science),2015,41(6):673-684.(in Chinese)
[16]胡春花,罗革彬,曾建华,潘孝忠.不同类型缓释氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农学通报,2011,27(15):174-177.HU C H,LUO G B,ZENG J H,PAN X Z.Influence of different types of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(15):174-177.(in Chinese)
[17]LI P F,LU J W,WANG Y,WANG S,HUSSAIN S,REN T,CONGR H,LI X K.Nitrogen losses,use efficiency,and productivity of early rice under controlled-release urea.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2018,251:78-87.
[18]张小翠,戴其根,胡星星,朱德建,丁秀文,马克强,张洪程,朱聪聪.不同质地土壤下缓释尿素与常规尿素配施对水稻产量及其生长发育的影响.作物学报,2012,38(8):1494-1503.ZHANG X C,DAI Q G,HU X X,ZHU D J,DING X W,MA K Q,ZHANG H C,ZHU C C.Effects of slow-release urea combined with conventional urea on rice output and growth in soils of different textures,Acta Agronomican Sinica,2012,38(8):1494-1503.(in Chinese)
[19]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,郭保卫,胡亚杰,崔培嫒.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响.作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.WEI H Y,LI H L,CHENG J Q,ZHANG H C,DAI Q G,HUO Z Y,XU K,GUO B W,HU Y J,CUI P Y.Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer types and their application regime on yield in rice with different types of panicle.Acta Agronomican Sinica,2017,43(5):730-740.(in Chinese)
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-194.LU R K.The Soil Agro-Chemical Analyses Procedures.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000:12-194.(in Chinese)
[21]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析.土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324.YU F,SHI W M.Nitrogen use efficiencies of major grain crops in China recent 10 years.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(6):1311-1324.(in Chinese)
[22]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,黄见良,蔡红梅,石磊.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业科学,2012,45(4):2886-2897.ZENG X M,HAN B J,XU F S,HUANG J L,CAI H M,SHI L.Effect of optimized fertilization on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields with different basic soil fertilities.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(4):2886-2897.(in Chinese)
[23]李杰,冯月华,牟桂婷,徐桂玲,罗强鑫,罗康杰,黄世凤,石欣,管正策,叶勇,黄佑岗.基于SPAD值的水稻施氮叶值模型构建及应用研究.中国农业科学,2017,50(24):4714-4724.LI J,FENG Y H,MOU G T,XU G L,LUO Q X,LUO K J,HUANGS F,SHI X,GUAN Z C,YE Y,HUANG Y G.Construction and application effect of the leaf value model based on SPAD value in rice.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(24):4714-4724.(in Chinese)
[24]XU X P,HE P,YANG F Q,MA J C,PAMPOLINO M F,JOHNSTONA M,ZHOU W.Methodology of fertilizer recommendation based on yield response and agronomic efficiency for rice in China.Field Crops Research,2017,206:33-42.
[25]袁嫚嫚,叶舒娅,李枫,李敏,郭熙盛.树脂包膜尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业气象,2011,32(增1):83-87.YUAN M M,YE S Y,LI F,LI M,GUO X S.Effect of application of controlled-release polyolefin-coated urea on yield and nitrogen utilization rate of rice.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2011,32(suppl.1):83-87.(in Chinese)
[26]刘益曦,袁玲,伍绍福,马宪法,章志成,吴良欢,李金先.两种包膜控释尿素对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响.浙江农业学报,2015,27(7):1213-1220.LIU Y X,YUAN L,WU S F,MA X F,ZHANG Z C,WU L H,LI JX.Effects of two kinds of controlled-release coated urea on rice grain yield and soil properties.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,27(7):1213-1220.(in Chinese)
[27]洪腊宝.水稻施用加拿大加阳缓释肥料的效果.农技服务,2013,30(4):362-363.HONG L B.Effect of agrium control release fertilizer on rice.Serves of Agricultural Technology,2013,30(4):362-363.(in Chinese)
[28]张木,唐栓虎,黄旭,李苹,付弘婷.一次性施肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响.中国农学通报,2016,32(3):1-7.ZHANG M,TANG S H,HUANG X,LI P,FU H T.Effects of single basal fertilizer application on yield and nutrient absorption of rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[29]张木,唐栓虎,张发宝,黄巧义,黄旭.60天释放期缓释尿素可实现早稻和晚稻的一次基施.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):119-127.ZHANG M,TANG S H,ZHANG F B,HUANG Q Y,HUANG X.Slow-release urea of 60-day-release period is suitable for one basal application in early and late rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2017,23(1):119-127.(in Chinese)
[30]杨梢娜,俞巧钢,叶静,姜丽娜,马军伟,王强,汪建妹,孙万春,符建荣.施氮水平对杂交晚粳“浙优12”产量及氮素利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1120-1125.YANG S N,YU Q G,YE J,JIANG L N,MA J W,WANG Q,WANG JM,SUN W C,FU J R.Effects of nitrogen fertilization and Nitrogen efficiency of hybrid rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2010,16(5):1120-1125.(in Chinese)
[31]俞巧钢,叶静,杨梢娜,符建荣,马军伟,孙万春,姜丽娜,王强,汪建妹.不同施氮量对单季稻养分吸收及氨挥发损失的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):487-494.YU Q G,YE J,YANG S N,FU J R,MA J W,SUN W C,JIANG L N,WANG Q,WANG J M.Effect of different nitrogen application levels on rice nutrient uptake and ammonium volatilization.China Journal Rice Science,2012,26(4):487-494.(in Chinese)
[2]张秀芝,易琼,朱平,何萍,杨利,范先鹏,熊桂云.氮肥运筹对水稻农学效应和氮素利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(4):782-788.ZHANG X Z,YI Q,ZHU P,HE P,YANG L,FAN X P,XIONG G Y.Agronomic responses to nitrogen application and nitrogen utilization in rice fields.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2011,17(4):782-788.(in Chinese)
[3]王泽浩,尹力初,付薇薇,张泷丹.施肥管理改变对红壤性水稻土氧化亚氮排放的影响.作物研究,2015,29(3):272-276.WANG Z H,YIN L C,FU W W,ZHANG L D.Effect of fertilization changing on nitrous oxide flux in paddy soil from red soil.Crop Research,2015,29(3):272-276.(in Chinese)
[4]谢立勇,许婧,郭李萍,徐玉秀,孙雪,赵洪亮,郭飞,赵迅.水肥管理对稻田CH4排放及其全球增温潜势影响的评估.中国生态农业学报,2017,25(7):958-967.XIE L Y,XU J,GUO L P,XU Y X,SUN X,ZHAO H L,GUO F,ZHAO X.Impact of water/fertilizer management on methane emission in paddy fields and on global warming potential.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2017,25(7):958-967.(in Chinese)
[5]朱坚,纪雄辉,田发祥,吴家梅,刘昭兵,彭华,柳赛花,官迪,谢运河.典型双季稻田施磷流失风险及阈值研究.农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1425-1433.ZHU J,JI X H,TIAN F X,WU J M,LIU S B,PENG H,LIU S H,GUAN D,XIE Y H.Research on P loss risk and threshold value in typical double-cropping rice field.Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2017,36(7):1425-1433.(in Chinese)
[6]田卡,钟旭华,黄农荣.“三控”施肥技术对水稻生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响.中国农学通报,2010,26(12):150-157.TIAN K,ZHONG X H,HUANG N R.Effect of three controls nutrient management technology on growth,development and nitrogen uptake of rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(12):150-157.(in Chinese)
[7]卢铁钢,崔月峰,孙国才,王俊茹,王桂艳,王健.氮肥运筹对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响.作物研究,2012,26(4):320-323.LU T G,CUI Y F,SUN G C,WANG J R,WANG G Y,WANG J.Effects of nitrogen application on yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency of rice.Crop Research,2012,26(4):320-323.(in Chinese)
[8]范立慧,徐珊珊,侯朋福,薛利红,李刚华,丁艳锋,杨林章.不同地力下基蘖肥运筹比例对水稻产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响.中国农业科学,2016,49(10):1872-1884.FAN L H,XU S S,HOU P F,XUE L H,LI G H,DING Y F,YANG LZ.Effect of different ratios of basal to tiller nitrogen on rice yield and nitrogen utilization under different soil fertility.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(10):1872-1884.(in Chinese)
[9]张木,唐栓虎,逢玉万,易琼,黄旭,黄巧义.不同氮肥及施用方式对水稻养分吸收特征及产量形成的影响.中国土壤与肥料,2017(2):69-75.ZHANG M,TANG S H,FENG Y W,YI Q,HUANG X,HUANG Q Y.Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and fertilization patterns on nutrients uptake and yield formation of rice.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017(2):69-75.(in Chinese)
[10]彭玉,马均,蒋明金,严奉君,孙永健,杨志远.缓/控释肥对杂交水稻根系形态、生理特性和产量的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1048-1057.PENG Y,MA J,JIANG M J,YAN F J,SUN Y J,YANG Z Y.Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizers on root morphological and physiological characteristics of rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2013,19(5):1048-1057.(in Chinese)
[11]陈建生,徐培智,唐栓虎,张发宝,谢春生.一次基施水稻控释肥技术的养分利用率及增产效果.应用生态学报,2005,16(10):1868-1871.CHEN J S,XU P Z,TANG S H,ZHANG F B,XIE C S.Nutrient use efficiency and yield-increasing effect of single basal application of rice-specific controlled release fertilizer.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(10):1868-1871.(in Chinese)
[12]GUO C,LI P F,LU J W,REN T,CONG R H,LI X K.Application of controlled-release urea in rice:reducing environmental risk while increasing grain yield and improving nitrogen use efficiency.Communication in Soil Science&Plant Analysis,2016,47(9):1176-1183.
[13]GENG J B,SUN Y B,ZHANG M,LI C L,YANG Y C,LIU Z G.Long-term effects of controlled release urea application on crop yields and soil fertility under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.Field Crops Research,2015,184:65-73.
[14]蒋曦龙,陈宝成,张民,李成亮,马丽,陈剑秋.控释肥氮素释放与水稻氮素吸收相关性研究.水土保持学报,2014,28(1):215-220.JIANG X L,CHEN B C,ZHANG M,LI C L,MA L,CHEN J Q.Study on the correlation between nitrogen release dynamics of controlled-release fertilizer and nitrogen uptake of the rice.Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(1):215-220.(in Chinese)
[15]李玥,李应洪,赵建红,孙永健,徐徽,严奉君,谢华英,马均.缓控释氮肥对机插稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响.浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2015,41(6):673-684.LI Y,LI Y H,ZHAO J H,SUN Y J,XU H,YAN F J,XIE H Y,MA J.Effects of slow-and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield of machine-trans-planted rice.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric&Life Science),2015,41(6):673-684.(in Chinese)
[16]胡春花,罗革彬,曾建华,潘孝忠.不同类型缓释氮肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农学通报,2011,27(15):174-177.HU C H,LUO G B,ZENG J H,PAN X Z.Influence of different types of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,27(15):174-177.(in Chinese)
[17]LI P F,LU J W,WANG Y,WANG S,HUSSAIN S,REN T,CONGR H,LI X K.Nitrogen losses,use efficiency,and productivity of early rice under controlled-release urea.Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2018,251:78-87.
[18]张小翠,戴其根,胡星星,朱德建,丁秀文,马克强,张洪程,朱聪聪.不同质地土壤下缓释尿素与常规尿素配施对水稻产量及其生长发育的影响.作物学报,2012,38(8):1494-1503.ZHANG X C,DAI Q G,HU X X,ZHU D J,DING X W,MA K Q,ZHANG H C,ZHU C C.Effects of slow-release urea combined with conventional urea on rice output and growth in soils of different textures,Acta Agronomican Sinica,2012,38(8):1494-1503.(in Chinese)
[19]魏海燕,李宏亮,程金秋,张洪程,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,郭保卫,胡亚杰,崔培嫒.缓释肥类型与运筹对不同穗型水稻产量的影响.作物学报,2017,43(5):730-740.WEI H Y,LI H L,CHENG J Q,ZHANG H C,DAI Q G,HUO Z Y,XU K,GUO B W,HU Y J,CUI P Y.Effects of slow/controlled release fertilizer types and their application regime on yield in rice with different types of panicle.Acta Agronomican Sinica,2017,43(5):730-740.(in Chinese)
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000:12-194.LU R K.The Soil Agro-Chemical Analyses Procedures.Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2000:12-194.(in Chinese)
[21]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析.土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324.YU F,SHI W M.Nitrogen use efficiencies of major grain crops in China recent 10 years.Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(6):1311-1324.(in Chinese)
[22]曾祥明,韩宝吉,徐芳森,黄见良,蔡红梅,石磊.不同基础地力土壤优化施肥对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业科学,2012,45(4):2886-2897.ZENG X M,HAN B J,XU F S,HUANG J L,CAI H M,SHI L.Effect of optimized fertilization on grain yield of rice and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields with different basic soil fertilities.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45(4):2886-2897.(in Chinese)
[23]李杰,冯月华,牟桂婷,徐桂玲,罗强鑫,罗康杰,黄世凤,石欣,管正策,叶勇,黄佑岗.基于SPAD值的水稻施氮叶值模型构建及应用研究.中国农业科学,2017,50(24):4714-4724.LI J,FENG Y H,MOU G T,XU G L,LUO Q X,LUO K J,HUANGS F,SHI X,GUAN Z C,YE Y,HUANG Y G.Construction and application effect of the leaf value model based on SPAD value in rice.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2017,50(24):4714-4724.(in Chinese)
[24]XU X P,HE P,YANG F Q,MA J C,PAMPOLINO M F,JOHNSTONA M,ZHOU W.Methodology of fertilizer recommendation based on yield response and agronomic efficiency for rice in China.Field Crops Research,2017,206:33-42.
[25]袁嫚嫚,叶舒娅,李枫,李敏,郭熙盛.树脂包膜尿素对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响.中国农业气象,2011,32(增1):83-87.YUAN M M,YE S Y,LI F,LI M,GUO X S.Effect of application of controlled-release polyolefin-coated urea on yield and nitrogen utilization rate of rice.Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2011,32(suppl.1):83-87.(in Chinese)
[26]刘益曦,袁玲,伍绍福,马宪法,章志成,吴良欢,李金先.两种包膜控释尿素对水稻产量和土壤理化性质的影响.浙江农业学报,2015,27(7):1213-1220.LIU Y X,YUAN L,WU S F,MA X F,ZHANG Z C,WU L H,LI JX.Effects of two kinds of controlled-release coated urea on rice grain yield and soil properties.Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,27(7):1213-1220.(in Chinese)
[27]洪腊宝.水稻施用加拿大加阳缓释肥料的效果.农技服务,2013,30(4):362-363.HONG L B.Effect of agrium control release fertilizer on rice.Serves of Agricultural Technology,2013,30(4):362-363.(in Chinese)
[28]张木,唐栓虎,黄旭,李苹,付弘婷.一次性施肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响.中国农学通报,2016,32(3):1-7.ZHANG M,TANG S H,HUANG X,LI P,FU H T.Effects of single basal fertilizer application on yield and nutrient absorption of rice.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(3):1-7.(in Chinese)
[29]张木,唐栓虎,张发宝,黄巧义,黄旭.60天释放期缓释尿素可实现早稻和晚稻的一次基施.植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(1):119-127.ZHANG M,TANG S H,ZHANG F B,HUANG Q Y,HUANG X.Slow-release urea of 60-day-release period is suitable for one basal application in early and late rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2017,23(1):119-127.(in Chinese)
[30]杨梢娜,俞巧钢,叶静,姜丽娜,马军伟,王强,汪建妹,孙万春,符建荣.施氮水平对杂交晚粳“浙优12”产量及氮素利用效率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(5):1120-1125.YANG S N,YU Q G,YE J,JIANG L N,MA J W,WANG Q,WANG JM,SUN W C,FU J R.Effects of nitrogen fertilization and Nitrogen efficiency of hybrid rice.Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2010,16(5):1120-1125.(in Chinese)
[31]俞巧钢,叶静,杨梢娜,符建荣,马军伟,孙万春,姜丽娜,王强,汪建妹.不同施氮量对单季稻养分吸收及氨挥发损失的影响.中国水稻科学,2012,26(4):487-494.YU Q G,YE J,YANG S N,FU J R,MA J W,SUN W C,JIANG L N,WANG Q,WANG J M.Effect of different nitrogen application levels on rice nutrient uptake and ammonium volatilization.China Journal Rice Science,2012,26(4):487-494.(in Chinese)