用于儿童斜视矫正的压贴三棱镜设计与制作（英文）
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摘要
为了填补我国学术界和产业界在压贴三棱镜的国产化设计、制作以及测试等方面工作的空白,研究了压贴三棱镜镜片结构设计理论,并推导了压贴三棱镜镜片透过率以及畸变的计算公式,数值模拟了不同材料、不同棱镜度数的压贴三棱镜的透过率以及压贴三棱镜的畸变情况.数值模拟结果表明:与现有PVC材料相比,PMMA材料具有更大的阿贝系数和更小的材料吸收率,是一种制作低成本压贴三棱镜的理想材料.利用金刚石切割工艺制作出精密的压贴三棱镜模版,模版的表面光洁度达到14级,并采用热压工艺,在温度为180℃压力为130kg/cm2的工艺参数下制作出不同棱镜度数的压贴三棱镜样片,验证了以PMMA材料为基材、采用热压工艺制作压贴三棱镜的可行性.为了测试压贴三棱镜样片的实际棱镜度(Δ),自主设计并搭建了压贴三棱镜棱镜度测量系统.实验结果表明:对低(10Δ)、中(20Δ)、高(30Δ)三组压贴三棱镜样片的棱镜度测试结果与理论值的偏差分别为0.01Δ、0.04Δ和0.02Δ.所有样品的棱镜度偏差均符合国家医用棱镜的标准.因此,所制作的压贴三棱镜样片具有较高的光线偏折精度,为治疗儿童斜视疾病提供了一种高质量、低成本的产品方案.
In this paper,we present our design of a rigid Fresnel prism and derive the calculations of its transmittance and distortion.The transmittance of prisms made of different kinds of polymers and their distortion were numerically simulated.Simulation results showed that polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)had a larger Abbe coefficient and a lower material absorption rate than polyvinyl chloride(PVC).Then,on the basis of the simulation,stamps for the prisms were machined using the diamond-cutting method;the surface roughness of the stamps reached class 14.We verified that low-cost prisms can be fabricated from PMMA using the thermopressing method under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 130 kg/cm2.A system was constructed to test the prism diopter(PD)values of the samples.Experimental results showed that the deviations between the
calculated and actual PD values for 10Δ(low PD),20Δ(medium PD),and 30Δ(high PD)prisms were0.01Δ,0.04Δ,and 0.02Δ,respectively.The PD deviations of the sample prisms all agreed with the Chinese tolerance standard for a medical prism.Hence,we verified that the rigid prisms fabricated in this study are sufficiently precise to reflect light and are a high-quality,low-cost solution for the treatment of strabismus in children.
In this paper,we present our design of a rigid Fresnel prism and derive the calculations of its transmittance and distortion.The transmittance of prisms made of different kinds of polymers and their distortion were numerically simulated.Simulation results showed that polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)had a larger Abbe coefficient and a lower material absorption rate than polyvinyl chloride(PVC).Then,on the basis of the simulation,stamps for the prisms were machined using the diamond-cutting method;the surface roughness of the stamps reached class 14.We verified that low-cost prisms can be fabricated from PMMA using the thermopressing method under the conditions of 180 ℃ and 130 kg/cm2.A system was constructed to test the prism diopter(PD)values of the samples.Experimental results showed that the deviations between the
calculated and actual PD values for 10Δ(low PD),20Δ(medium PD),and 30Δ(high PD)prisms were0.01Δ,0.04Δ,and 0.02Δ,respectively.The PD deviations of the sample prisms all agreed with the Chinese tolerance standard for a medical prism.Hence,we verified that the rigid prisms fabricated in this study are sufficiently precise to reflect light and are a high-quality,low-cost solution for the treatment of strabismus in children.
引文
[1]FU Jing,LI Shi-ming,LIU Luo-ru,et al.Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in a population of 7th-grade junior high school students in central China:the Anyang Childhood Eye Study(ACES)[J].Ophthalmic Epidemiology,2014,21(3):197203.
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[4]LI Ping-hui,YANG Wen.The clinical application and the therapeutic effect of the Fresnel press-on prism[J].Chinese Journal of Strabismus&Pediatric Ophthalmology,2007,15(4):157159.
[5]STANGLER-ZUSCHROTT E.Prisms in the treatment of infantile strabismus[J].Spektrum der Augenheilkunde,2012,26(5):230235.
[6]FU Ming-lei,WANG Wei-wen,ZHANG Xing-nan,et al.Micro structure press-on prism for children strabismus compensation[J].Optical Instruments,2015,37(3):233237.
[7]PETROV V,KRYUCHYN A,ANTONOV E,et al.Optical phenomena in microprism diagnostic set KK-42[J].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,2011,8011:80119A.
[8]GRIFFITHS H J,COTTON S A comparison of the effect of 3MFresnel prisms and Trusetal prism foils on visual function[J].British and Irish Orthoptic Journal,2010,7:4548.
[9]CAO Wen-hong,YU Gang,WU Qian,et al.The clinical application of the Fresnel press-on prism to children ocular torticollis[J].Department of Ophthalmology,2009,18(5):301304.
[10]ANTONOV E E,KRYUCHYN A A,Fu Ming-lei,PETROV V,et al.Microprisms:optical parameters and monitoring[M].Kyiv akademperiodyka,2015.
[11]FU Ming-lei,ZHANG Xiang-nan,LE Zi-chun,et al.Compensation of chromatic aberrations for microstructure press-on prisms[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2015,23(10):98103.
[12]JUNG J H,PELI E.Impact of high power and angle of incidence on prism corrections for visual field loss[J].Optical Engineering,2014,53(53):167174.
[13]SULTANOVA N,KASAROVA S,NIKOLOV I.Dispersion properties of optical polymers[J].Acta Physica Polonica,2009,116(4):585587.
[14]JUNG JH.Distortions to visual field expansion with high-power Fresnel prisms[J/OL].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Newsroom,2012-3-11[2017-04-17].http://spie.org/newsroom/5350-distortions-to-visual-fieldexpansion-with-high-power-fresnel-prisms.
[15]PROGELHOF R C,FRANEY J,HAAS T W.Absorption coefficient of unpigmented poly(methyl methacrylate),polystyrene,polycarbonate,and poly(4-methylpentene-1)sheets[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1971,15(7):18031807.
[16]ZHANG Shao-jian,SANDY T,ZHANG G Q.Diamond tool wear in ultra-precision machining[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,88(1-4):613641.
[17]HE Yong,FU Jian-zhong,CHEN Zi-chen.Demolding defects and design of demolding device in micro hot embossing process[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(11):5358.
[18]FU Ming-lei,LE Zi-chun,ZHANG Xiang-nan,et al.A dura mater overlays prism lens prism degree detection system:China,CN201510782777.2[P].2016-03-30.
[19]GB 11417.2-2012,Ophthalmic optics-Contact lenses-Part 2:Rigid contact lenses specification[S].
[2]ZHU Hui,LUI Hu.Recent advances in psychosocial effects of strabismus[J].Recent Advances in Ophthalmology,2015,35(12):11881192(in Chinese).
[3]RYKOV S O,MELLINA V B.Effect of microprismatic eyeglasses on the character of binocular vision in children with strabismic amblyopia over treatment time[J].Clinical Ophthalmology,2016,0(6):1218.
[4]LI Ping-hui,YANG Wen.The clinical application and the therapeutic effect of the Fresnel press-on prism[J].Chinese Journal of Strabismus&Pediatric Ophthalmology,2007,15(4):157159.
[5]STANGLER-ZUSCHROTT E.Prisms in the treatment of infantile strabismus[J].Spektrum der Augenheilkunde,2012,26(5):230235.
[6]FU Ming-lei,WANG Wei-wen,ZHANG Xing-nan,et al.Micro structure press-on prism for children strabismus compensation[J].Optical Instruments,2015,37(3):233237.
[7]PETROV V,KRYUCHYN A,ANTONOV E,et al.Optical phenomena in microprism diagnostic set KK-42[J].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,2011,8011:80119A.
[8]GRIFFITHS H J,COTTON S A comparison of the effect of 3MFresnel prisms and Trusetal prism foils on visual function[J].British and Irish Orthoptic Journal,2010,7:4548.
[9]CAO Wen-hong,YU Gang,WU Qian,et al.The clinical application of the Fresnel press-on prism to children ocular torticollis[J].Department of Ophthalmology,2009,18(5):301304.
[10]ANTONOV E E,KRYUCHYN A A,Fu Ming-lei,PETROV V,et al.Microprisms:optical parameters and monitoring[M].Kyiv akademperiodyka,2015.
[11]FU Ming-lei,ZHANG Xiang-nan,LE Zi-chun,et al.Compensation of chromatic aberrations for microstructure press-on prisms[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2015,23(10):98103.
[12]JUNG J H,PELI E.Impact of high power and angle of incidence on prism corrections for visual field loss[J].Optical Engineering,2014,53(53):167174.
[13]SULTANOVA N,KASAROVA S,NIKOLOV I.Dispersion properties of optical polymers[J].Acta Physica Polonica,2009,116(4):585587.
[14]JUNG JH.Distortions to visual field expansion with high-power Fresnel prisms[J/OL].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers Newsroom,2012-3-11[2017-04-17].http://spie.org/newsroom/5350-distortions-to-visual-fieldexpansion-with-high-power-fresnel-prisms.
[15]PROGELHOF R C,FRANEY J,HAAS T W.Absorption coefficient of unpigmented poly(methyl methacrylate),polystyrene,polycarbonate,and poly(4-methylpentene-1)sheets[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1971,15(7):18031807.
[16]ZHANG Shao-jian,SANDY T,ZHANG G Q.Diamond tool wear in ultra-precision machining[J].International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2017,88(1-4):613641.
[17]HE Yong,FU Jian-zhong,CHEN Zi-chen.Demolding defects and design of demolding device in micro hot embossing process[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2008,44(11):5358.
[18]FU Ming-lei,LE Zi-chun,ZHANG Xiang-nan,et al.A dura mater overlays prism lens prism degree detection system:China,CN201510782777.2[P].2016-03-30.
[19]GB 11417.2-2012,Ophthalmic optics-Contact lenses-Part 2:Rigid contact lenses specification[S].