发酵啤酒糟替代配合饲料中豆粕对奥尼罗非鱼生长与生化指标的影响
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摘要
以发酵啤酒糟分别替代饲料中0、20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的豆粕,配制成6种等氮等能的试验饲料,研究发酵啤酒糟对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureu)生长性能、体组成和血清生化指标的影响,以探明发酵啤酒糟在鱼类配合饲料中的适宜用量。将540尾初始体重为(3.00±0.08)g的奥尼罗非鱼随机分为6个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,在室内循环水养殖系统中进行为期60 d的生长试验。结果表明:当发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕的比例在0~60%时,各试验组间增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均无显著差异;超过60%时,生长性能显著下降(P<0.05)。以增重率和饲料效率为判据,通过折线模型分析得到,奥尼罗非鱼幼鱼饲料中发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕的最适比例分别为54.1%和55.4%。随着发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕比例的升高,试验鱼肌肉和全鱼组织脂肪含量及脏体比、肝体比均呈下降趋势,而水分和灰分呈上升趋势(P>0.05)。血清谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的活性及血糖含量随着发酵啤酒糟替代比例的增加而升高,当替代比例超过40%时,血清AST和ALT活性及血糖含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量则随替代比例的增加而呈下降趋势,替代比例超过40%时,甘油三酯含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);当替代比例超过60%时,胆固醇含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,综合考虑生长和血清生化指标,奥尼罗非鱼饲料中发酵啤酒糟替代豆粕的最适比例为54.1%~55.4%。
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented brewer's grain levels on the growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices of juvenile hybrid tilapias(Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Five hundred and forty juveniles with an initial weight of(3.00±0.08) g were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of 30 fish. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergic experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of fermented brewers' grains to replace soybean meal at 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The experiment was performed for 60 days in anindoor recirculating culture system. The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain, specific growth ratio, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio when the replacement level was 0–60%(P>0.05). When the replacement level was more than 60%, the growth performance of the fish was significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.05). Based on weight gain and feed efficiency by quadratic regression analysis, the best replacement ratios of soybean meal with fermented brewer's grain were 54.1% and 55.4%, respectively. The crude lipid contents in the whole body and muscle decreased as the replacement level increased, while the moisture and ash contents showed the opposite trend(P>0.05). Meanwhile, the viscerosomatic index(VSI) and hepatosomatic index decreased with increasing dietary fermented brewer's grain level(P>0.05). When the replacement level was 100%, the VSI was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and the glucose content significantly increased as the replacement level increased; when the replacement level was more than 40%, serum ALT and AST activities were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). When the replacement level was more than 20%, the glucose content was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). In addition, the triglyceride and cholesterol contents were reduced with increasing dietary replacement level; when the replacement level was more than 60%, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). Meanwhile, when the replacement level was more than 40%, serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). Based on the results of growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices, the optimal replacement level was 54.1%–55.4% for juvenile hybrid tilapias.
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented brewer's grain levels on the growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices of juvenile hybrid tilapias(Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Five hundred and forty juveniles with an initial weight of(3.00±0.08) g were randomly divided into six groups, with three replicates of 30 fish. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergic experimental diets were formulated to contain different levels of fermented brewers' grains to replace soybean meal at 0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. The experiment was performed for 60 days in anindoor recirculating culture system. The results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain, specific growth ratio, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio when the replacement level was 0–60%(P>0.05). When the replacement level was more than 60%, the growth performance of the fish was significantly lower compared with the control group(P<0.05). Based on weight gain and feed efficiency by quadratic regression analysis, the best replacement ratios of soybean meal with fermented brewer's grain were 54.1% and 55.4%, respectively. The crude lipid contents in the whole body and muscle decreased as the replacement level increased, while the moisture and ash contents showed the opposite trend(P>0.05). Meanwhile, the viscerosomatic index(VSI) and hepatosomatic index decreased with increasing dietary fermented brewer's grain level(P>0.05). When the replacement level was 100%, the VSI was significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). The activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and the glucose content significantly increased as the replacement level increased; when the replacement level was more than 40%, serum ALT and AST activities were significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). When the replacement level was more than 20%, the glucose content was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.05). In addition, the triglyceride and cholesterol contents were reduced with increasing dietary replacement level; when the replacement level was more than 60%, serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). Meanwhile, when the replacement level was more than 40%, serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower than in the control group(P<0.05). Based on the results of growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices, the optimal replacement level was 54.1%–55.4% for juvenile hybrid tilapias.
引文
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[5]Egounlety M,Aworh O C.Effect of soaking,dehulling,cooking and fermentation with Rhizopus oligosporus on the oligosaccharides,trypsin inhibitor,phytic acid and tannins of soybean(Glycine max Merr.),cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.Walp)and groundbean(Macrotyloma geocarpa Harms)[J].J Food Eng,2003,56(2):249–254.
[6]Cai J,Qiu Y L.On feeding of growing finishing pigs with fermented brewer’s grain instead of soybean meal[J].Cereal and Feed Industry,2005(10):32–33.[蔡俊,邱雁临.发酵啤酒糟含酶蛋白饲料取代豆粕饲喂生长育肥猪的研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2005(10):32–33.]
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[9]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis,15th edn[R].Association of Official Analytical Chemists,1990,Arlington,VA.
[10]Robbins K R,Norton H W,Baker D H.Estimation of nutrient requirements from growth data[J].J Nutr,1979,109(10):1710–1714.
[11]Ai Q H,Xie X J.Advances in utilization of plant proteins by aquatic animals[J].Journal of Ocean University of China,2005,35(6):929–935.[艾庆辉,谢小军.水生动物对植物蛋白源利用的研究进展[J].中国海洋大学学报,2005,35(6):929–935.]
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[13]Refstie S,Sahlstr?m S,Br?then E,et al.Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)[J].Aquaculture,2005,246(1–4):331–345.
[14]Bairagi A,Ghosh K S,Sen S K,et al.Duckweed(Lemna polyrhiza)leaf meal as a source of feedstuff in formulated diets for rohu(Labeo rohita Ham.)fingerlings after fermentation with a fish intestinal bacterium[J].Bioresource Technol,2002,85(1):17–24.
[15]Ramachandran S,Bairagi A,Ray A K.Improvement of nutritive value of grass pea(Lathyrus sativus)seed meal in the formulated diets for rohu,Labeo rohita(Hamilton)fingerlings after fermentation with a fish gut bacterium[J].Bioresource Technol,2005,96(13):1465–1472.
[16]Qian X Q,Cui Y B,Xie S Q,et al.A review on dietary protein requirement for aquaculture fishes[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(4):410–416.[钱雪桥,崔奕波,解绶启,等.养殖鱼类饲料蛋白需要量的研究进展[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(4):410–416.]
[17]Li C J.The application of cheap biological protein sources in tilapia[J].Freshwater Fisheries,1995,25(4):22–24.[李彩俊.廉价生物蛋白源在罗非鱼配合饲料中的应用试验[J].淡水渔业,1995,25(4):22–24.]
[18]Luo Z,Liu Y J,Mai K S,et al.Partial replacement of fish meal by soybean protein in diets for grouper Epinephelus coioides juveniles[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2004,28(2):175–181.[罗智,刘永坚,麦康森,等.石斑鱼配合饲料中发酵豆粕和豆粕部分替代白鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报,2004,28(2):175–181.]
[19]Meng F Y,Robinette H R,Young C.Effects of yeast culture on growth performance of channel catfish(Ietalurus Punetaus)with high fiber diets in pond farming[J].Feed and Husbandry,2013(9):5–7.[孟繁伊,Robinette H R,Young C.酵母培养物对饲喂高纤维饲料池塘养殖鮰鱼生产性能的影响[J].饲料与畜牧,2013(9):5–7.]
[20]?verland M,S?rensen M,Storebakken T,et al.Pea protein concentrate substituting fish meal or soybean meal in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)—effect on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,carcass composition,gut health,and physical feed quality[J].Aquaculture,2009,288(3–4):305–311.
[21]Ma J J,Zhang L M,Wang J Y.Effects of replacement of fish meal by alfalfa protein concentrate on growth performance,body composition and blood biochemistry in juvenile starry flounder,Platichthys stellatus[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2012,19(2):246–255.[马晶晶,张利民,王际英.紫花苜蓿浓缩叶蛋白替代鱼粉对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、体组成及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学,2012,19(2):246–255.]
[22]Xu Q Y,Wang C A,Xu H,et al.Effects of replacement fish meal with soy protein isolated on the growth performance,body composition and biochemical indexes of juvenile Hu-cho taimen[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2008,32(6):941–946.[徐奇友,王常安,许红,等.大豆分离蛋白替代鱼粉对哲罗鱼稚鱼生长、体成分和血液生化指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(6):941–946.]
[23]Wang Y,Kong L,Li C,et al.Effect of replacing fish meal with soybean meal on growth,feed utilization and carcass composition of cuneate drum(Nibea miichthioides)[J].Aquaculture,2006,261(4):1307–1313.
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