层序地层格架下烃源岩地球化学研究:以尼日尔Termit盆地为例
|
摘要
如何利用有限的烃源岩样品的实验分析数据和地质资料尽可能地提高烃源岩评价和预测的精度,是当今烃源岩地球化学研究亟需解决的问题.采用层序地层学与油气地球化学相结合的方法,研究了非洲尼日尔Termit盆地基于层序地层格架下,上白垩统Yogou组烃源岩空间分布特征及有机质地球化学性质,初步展示了层序地层格架下烃源岩地球化学研究的方法、应用效果及优势.Termit盆地上白垩统Yogou组海相泥页岩是该盆地主要的烃源层,自下而上可划分为YSQ1、YSQ2和YSQ3共3个三级层序.根据层序/体系域发育特征、岩性录井和测井曲线响应特征,识别出外陆棚、内陆棚、三角洲、滨岸相泥岩及煤/炭质泥岩共5种不同沉积类型的烃源岩,不同层序与体系域具有不同的烃源岩纵向叠置关系和横向分布特征.不同类型的烃源岩有机质具有明显不同的地球化学性质:外陆棚和内陆棚泥岩有机质丰度中等-好,有机质生物来源中,低等水生生物贡献高,沉积于偏还原的沉积环境.滨岸和三角洲相泥岩有机质丰度高,具有低等水生生物和高等植物来源的双重贡献,沉积于偏氧化的沉积环境.三级层序或其体系域控制下的沉积相分布和演化导致不同类型烃源岩的发育和横向分布特征,同一沉积相类型的烃源岩具有相似的地球化学性质.与传统的以组、段为单元的烃源岩地球化学研究相比,层序地层格架下的烃源岩评价可以刻画不同层序、不同体系域和沉积相带烃源岩有机质地球化学性质的差异,提高资源评价和油-源对比的精度.
How to improve the accuracy of source rock evaluation and prediction based on limited source rock samples data and geological data is a key problem that needs to be solved in the study of source rock geochemistry.By using sequence stratigraphy and petroleum organic geochemistry,this paper studies the spatial distribution and geochemical nature of source rocks of Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation in the Termit Basin,Niger. This case study preliminarily exhibits the method,application and advantages of geochemical sequence stratigraphy. The main source beds in the Termit Basin are the marine mudstones of the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation,which can be divided into three third-order sequences,namely,YSQ1,YSQ2 and YSQ3 from the bottom to the top. Five types of source rocks with different sedimentary facies were subdivided on the basis of sequence/systems tracts,lithology and loggings,whichinclude the lower offshore,upper offshore mudstones,delta and shoreface mudstones,coal seams/carbonaceous mudstones. Different sequences and systems tracts have different vertical and areal distribution patterns of these five source rock types. The organic matters from different source rocks have distinctly different geochemical characteristics. Lower and upper offshore mudstones have fair to good hydrocarbon generative potential with more contribution of lower aquatic organisms,depositing in relatively reducing environment. While delta and shoreface mudstones have good to excellent organic carbon abundances with organic matter input of both lower aquatic organisms and terrestrial organic matter,which deposited in oxidizing environment. The occurrence and lateral distribution of different types of source rocks are evidently controlled by the sedimentary facies distribution and evolution within the third-order sequences or systems tracts,and the same type of source rocks has similar geochemical characteristics. Compared with conventional source rock geochemical assessment,geochemical sequence stratigraphy can provide a practical framework to describe the detailed geochemical characteristics of different sequences,systems tracts and depositional facies within a formation or a member,and subsequently improve the accuracy of hydrocarbon resources assessment and oil-source correlation.
How to improve the accuracy of source rock evaluation and prediction based on limited source rock samples data and geological data is a key problem that needs to be solved in the study of source rock geochemistry.By using sequence stratigraphy and petroleum organic geochemistry,this paper studies the spatial distribution and geochemical nature of source rocks of Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation in the Termit Basin,Niger. This case study preliminarily exhibits the method,application and advantages of geochemical sequence stratigraphy. The main source beds in the Termit Basin are the marine mudstones of the Upper Cretaceous Yogou Formation,which can be divided into three third-order sequences,namely,YSQ1,YSQ2 and YSQ3 from the bottom to the top. Five types of source rocks with different sedimentary facies were subdivided on the basis of sequence/systems tracts,lithology and loggings,whichinclude the lower offshore,upper offshore mudstones,delta and shoreface mudstones,coal seams/carbonaceous mudstones. Different sequences and systems tracts have different vertical and areal distribution patterns of these five source rock types. The organic matters from different source rocks have distinctly different geochemical characteristics. Lower and upper offshore mudstones have fair to good hydrocarbon generative potential with more contribution of lower aquatic organisms,depositing in relatively reducing environment. While delta and shoreface mudstones have good to excellent organic carbon abundances with organic matter input of both lower aquatic organisms and terrestrial organic matter,which deposited in oxidizing environment. The occurrence and lateral distribution of different types of source rocks are evidently controlled by the sedimentary facies distribution and evolution within the third-order sequences or systems tracts,and the same type of source rocks has similar geochemical characteristics. Compared with conventional source rock geochemical assessment,geochemical sequence stratigraphy can provide a practical framework to describe the detailed geochemical characteristics of different sequences,systems tracts and depositional facies within a formation or a member,and subsequently improve the accuracy of hydrocarbon resources assessment and oil-source correlation.
引文
Bohacs,K.M.,Carroll,A.R.,Neal,J.E.,et al.,2000.Abstract:Lake-Basin Type,Source Potential,and Hydrocarbon Character:An Integrated Sequence-Stratigraphic-Geochemical Framework.In:Gierlowski-Kordesch,E.H.,Kelts,K.R.,eds.,Lake Basins through Space and Time.AAPG Studies in Geology,46:3-34.
Bombardiere,L.,Gorin,G.E.,2000.Stratigraphical and Lateral Distribution of Sedimentary Organic Matter in Upper Jurassic Carbonates of SE France.Sedimentary Geology,132(3/4):177-203.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(00)00006-3
Creaney,S.,Passey,Q.R.,1993.Recurring Patterns of Total Organic Carbon and Source Rock Quality within a Sequence Stratigraphy Framework.AAPG Bulletin,77(3):386-401.https://doi.org/10.1306/2FBDFF8C18-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Fleck,S.,Michels,R.,Ferry,S.,et al.,2002.Organic Geochemistry in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework.the Siliciclastic Shelf Environment of Cretaceous Series,SE France.Organic Geochemistry,33(12):1533-1557.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00174-2
Frimmel,A.,Oschmann,W.,Schwark,L.,2004.Chemostratigraphy of the Posidonia Black Shale,SW Germany.Chemical Geology,206(3-4):199-230.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.007
Genik,G.J.,1992.Regional Framework,Structural and Petroleum Aspects of Rift Basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic(C.A.R.).Tectonophysics,213(1-2):169-185.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90257-7
Genik,G.J.,1993.Petroleum Geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary Rift Basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPGBulletin,77(8):1405-1434.https://doi.org/10.1306/bdff8eac-1718-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Guiraud,R.,Bosworth,W.,Thierry,J.,et al.,2005.Phanerozoic Geological Evolution of Northern and Central Africa:An O-verview.Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1-3):83-143.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.017
Harouna,M.,Philp,R.P.,2012.Potential Petroleum Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,35(2):165-185.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2012.00524.x
Hou,Q.J.,Jin,Q.,Niu,C.M.,et al.,2018.Distribution Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Main Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Liaodong Bay Area.Earth Science,43(6):2160-2171(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.568
Hunt,J.M.,1979.Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology(The First Edition).W.H.Freeman and Company,New York,261-350.
Huo,Q.L.,Zeng,H.S.,Fu,L.,et al.,2011.The Advance ofΔlgRMethod and Its Application in Songliao Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),41(2):586-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,H.,Sonnenberg,S.,Sarg,R.,2015.Source Rock Potential and Sequence Stratigraphy of Bakken Shales in the Williston Basin.Unconventional Resources Technology Conference,213(1):7-9.https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2015-2169797
Lai,H.F.,Li,M.J.,Liu,J.G.,et al.,2018.Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Models of Upper Cretaceous Marine Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,495:292-308.
Lai,H.F.,Li,M.J.,Liu,J.G.,et al.,2018.Source Rocks Types and Logging Evaluation in Forced Regressive Systems Tract:Taking the Termit Basin(Niger)as an Example.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,36(2):390-398(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,H.,Lu,J.L.,Li,R.L.,et al.,2017.Generation Paleoenvironment and Its Controlling Factors of Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Changling Depression,South Songliao Basin.Earth Science,42(10):1774-1786(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.539
Li,M.J.,Li,S.T.,Yang,L.,et al.,2005.Sequence Stratigraphic Geochemistry and Its Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):219-226(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,M.J.,Zhou,D.S.,2003.Sequence Stratigraphic Geochemistry-A New Process of Geochemistry.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(5):487-491(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,S.H.,Li,S.P.,Hu,Y.Y.,et al.,2017.Sequence Stratigraphy:Problems and Discussion.Earth Science,42(12):2312-2326(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.144
Li,S.T.,2000.The Dynamics of Sedimentary Basins and Energy Resources-Retrospective and Prospects at the Turn of the Century.Earth Science Frontiers,7(3):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.,Zhang,G.Y.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2017.Geochemistry and Origin of Upper Cretaceous Oils from the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,40(2):195-207.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12672
Liu,B.,Pan,J.H.,Wan,L.K.,et al.,2012.Structural Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of the Paleogene Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Termit Basin,Eastern Niger.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(3):394-403(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.,Wan,L.K.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2015.Hydrocarbon Potential of Upper Cretaceous Marine Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,38(2):157-175.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12604
Liu,L.F.,Kang,Y.S.,Qi,X.F.,et al.,2002.Evaluation on Source Rocks in the Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphic Frameworks of the Junggar Basin,China.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,20(4):687-694(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,R.H.,Jiang,Z.X.,Wang,X.Y.,et al.,2017.Seismic Facies Identification and Sedimentary Facies Analysis in Upper Cretaceous Madama Formation,Termit Basin,Niger.Marine Orgin Petroleum Geology,22(2):59-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.M.,Ye,J.R.,Cao,Q.,et al.,2017.Preliminary Prediction and Evaluation of Source Rocks in the Lunpola Basin,Tibet,China.Earth Science,42(4):601-612(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.047
Lü,M.S.,Xue,L.Q.,Su,Y.D.,et al.,2012.Rifting Controls on Sequence Stratigraphic Architecture:A Case Study in the Lower Cretaceous of Termit Basin,West African Rift System.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),42(3):647-656(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,M.S.,Xue,L.Q.,Wan,L.K.,et al.,2015.Main Controlling Factors of Paleogene Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Termit Basin,West African Rift System.Earth Science Frontiers,22(6):207-216(in Chinese with English abstract).
Passey,Q.,Creaney,S.,Kulla,J.,et al.,1990.A Practical Model for Organic Richness from Porosity and Resistivity Logs.AAPG Bulletin,74(12):1777-1794.https://doi.org/10.1306/0c9b25c9-1710-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Peters,K.E.,Snedden,J.W.,Sulaeman,A.,et al.,2000.A New Geochemical-Sequence Stratigraphic Model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope,Kalimantan Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,84(1):12-44.https://doi.org/10.1306/e4fd3a09-1732-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Robison,V.D.,Liro,L.M.,Robison,C.R.,et al.,1996.Integrated Geochemistry,Organic Petrology,and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Triassic Shublik Formation,Tenneco Phoenix#1Well,North Slope,Alaska,U.S.A..Organic Geochemistry,24(2):257-272.https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00023-x
Tang,G.,Sun,Z.H.,Su,J.Q.,et al.,2015.Study of Cretaceous Sequential Stratigraphy and Sedimentary System in Termit Basin of West Africa.China Petroleum Exploration,20(4):81-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,W.X.,Jiang,Z.X.,Liu,R.H.,et al.,2017.Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Environment of the Yogou Formation Mudstone in the Termit Basin,Niger.Oil&Gas Geology,38(3):592-601(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tissot,B.,Welte,D.,1984.Petroleum Formation and Occurance(Second Revised and Enlarged Edition).Springer-Verlag,Berlin,495-546.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87813-8
Van Wagoner,J.C.,Mitchum,R.M.,Campion,K.M.,et al.,1990.Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs,Cores,and Outcrops:Concepts for High-resolution Correlation of Time and Facies.AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,7:3-51.
Wan,L.K.,Liu,J.G.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2014.The Petroleum Geochemistry of the Termit Basin,Eastern Niger.Marine and Petroleum Geology,51(2):167-183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.11.006
Wang,Z.S.,Tang,G.,Su,J.Q.,et al.,2016.Marine-Continental Transitional Sedimentation and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Condition of Cretaceous Yogou Formation in Moul Sag,Niger.Natural Gas Geoscience,27(7):1153-1163(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Y.D.,Liu,L.F.,Zhang,Z.H.,et al.,2008.Distribution and Hydrocarbon Generation of the Eogene Source Rocks in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,26(6):1077-1085(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou,L.H.,Su,J.Q.,Dong,X.W.,et al.,2017.Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Termit Rift Superimposed Basin,Niger.Petroleum Exploration and Development,44(3):330-339.(in Chinese with English abstract).
侯庆杰,金强,牛成民,等,2018.辽东湾地区主力烃源岩分布特征与主控因素.地球科学,43(6):2160-2171.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.568
霍秋立,曾花森,付丽,等,2011.ΔlgR测井源岩评价方法的改进及其在松辽盆地的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),41(2):586-591.
赖洪飞,李美俊,刘计国,等,2018.强制海退体系域中烃源岩的类型与测井评价---以尼日尔Termit盆地为例.沉积学报,36(2):390-398.
李浩,陆建林,李瑞磊,等,2017.长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩形成古环境及主控因素.地球科学,42(10):1774-1786.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.539
李美俊,李思田,杨龙,等,2005.层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用.地学前缘,12(3):219-226.
李美俊,周东升,2003.层序地层地球化学-地球化学研究的新进展.石油实验地质,25(5):487-491.
李绍虎,李树鹏,胡言烨,等,2017.层序地层学:问题与讨论.地球科学,42(12):2312-2326.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.144
李思田,2000.盆地动力学与能源资源-世纪之交的回顾与展望.地学前缘,7(3):1-9.
刘邦,潘校华,万仑坤,等,2012.东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素.石油学报,33(3):394-403.
刘洛夫,康永尚,齐雪峰,等,2002.准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层格架中的烃源岩评价.沉积学报,20(4):687-694.
刘若涵,姜在兴,王旭影,等,2017.尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统Madama组地震相识别与沉积相演化分析.海相油气地质,22(2):59-66.
刘一茗,叶加仁,曹强,等,2017.西藏伦坡拉盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩预测与评价.地球科学,42(4):601-612.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.047
吕明胜,薛良清,苏永地,等,2012.裂谷作用对层序地层充填样式的控制---以西非裂谷系Termit盆地下白垩统为例.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(3):647-656.
吕明胜,薛良清,万仑坤,等,2015.西非裂谷系Termit盆地古近系油气成藏主控因素分析.地学前缘,22(6):207-216.
汤戈,孙志华,苏俊青,等,2015.西非Termit盆地白垩系层序地层与沉积体系研究.中国石油勘探,20(4):81-88.
汤望新,姜在兴,刘若涵,等,2017.尼日尔Termit盆地Yogou组泥岩地球化学特征及沉积背景.石油与天然气地质,38(3):592-601.
王振升,汤戈,苏俊青,等,2016.尼日尔Moul凹陷白垩系Yogou组海陆过渡相沉积与成藏条件.天然气地球科学,27(7):1153-1163.
赵彦德,刘洛夫,张枝焕,等,2008.南堡凹陷古近系层序地层格架中烃源岩分布与生烃特征研究.沉积学报,26(6):1077-1085.
周立宏,苏俊青,董晓伟,等,2017.尼日尔Termit裂谷型叠合盆地油气成藏特征与主控因素.石油勘探与开发,44(3):330-339.
Bombardiere,L.,Gorin,G.E.,2000.Stratigraphical and Lateral Distribution of Sedimentary Organic Matter in Upper Jurassic Carbonates of SE France.Sedimentary Geology,132(3/4):177-203.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0037-0738(00)00006-3
Creaney,S.,Passey,Q.R.,1993.Recurring Patterns of Total Organic Carbon and Source Rock Quality within a Sequence Stratigraphy Framework.AAPG Bulletin,77(3):386-401.https://doi.org/10.1306/2FBDFF8C18-1718-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Fleck,S.,Michels,R.,Ferry,S.,et al.,2002.Organic Geochemistry in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework.the Siliciclastic Shelf Environment of Cretaceous Series,SE France.Organic Geochemistry,33(12):1533-1557.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00174-2
Frimmel,A.,Oschmann,W.,Schwark,L.,2004.Chemostratigraphy of the Posidonia Black Shale,SW Germany.Chemical Geology,206(3-4):199-230.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.007
Genik,G.J.,1992.Regional Framework,Structural and Petroleum Aspects of Rift Basins in Niger,Chad and the Central African Republic(C.A.R.).Tectonophysics,213(1-2):169-185.https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90257-7
Genik,G.J.,1993.Petroleum Geology of Cretaceous-Tertiary Rift Basins in Niger,Chad,and Central African Republic.AAPGBulletin,77(8):1405-1434.https://doi.org/10.1306/bdff8eac-1718-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Guiraud,R.,Bosworth,W.,Thierry,J.,et al.,2005.Phanerozoic Geological Evolution of Northern and Central Africa:An O-verview.Journal of African Earth Sciences,43(1-3):83-143.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.07.017
Harouna,M.,Philp,R.P.,2012.Potential Petroleum Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,35(2):165-185.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-5457.2012.00524.x
Hou,Q.J.,Jin,Q.,Niu,C.M.,et al.,2018.Distribution Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors of Main Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Liaodong Bay Area.Earth Science,43(6):2160-2171(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.568
Hunt,J.M.,1979.Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology(The First Edition).W.H.Freeman and Company,New York,261-350.
Huo,Q.L.,Zeng,H.S.,Fu,L.,et al.,2011.The Advance ofΔlgRMethod and Its Application in Songliao Basin.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),41(2):586-591(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jin,H.,Sonnenberg,S.,Sarg,R.,2015.Source Rock Potential and Sequence Stratigraphy of Bakken Shales in the Williston Basin.Unconventional Resources Technology Conference,213(1):7-9.https://doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2015-2169797
Lai,H.F.,Li,M.J.,Liu,J.G.,et al.,2018.Organic Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Models of Upper Cretaceous Marine Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,495:292-308.
Lai,H.F.,Li,M.J.,Liu,J.G.,et al.,2018.Source Rocks Types and Logging Evaluation in Forced Regressive Systems Tract:Taking the Termit Basin(Niger)as an Example.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,36(2):390-398(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,H.,Lu,J.L.,Li,R.L.,et al.,2017.Generation Paleoenvironment and Its Controlling Factors of Lower Cretaceous Lacustrine Hydrocarbon Source Rocks in Changling Depression,South Songliao Basin.Earth Science,42(10):1774-1786(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.539
Li,M.J.,Li,S.T.,Yang,L.,et al.,2005.Sequence Stratigraphic Geochemistry and Its Application to Hydrocarbon Exploration.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):219-226(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,M.J.,Zhou,D.S.,2003.Sequence Stratigraphic Geochemistry-A New Process of Geochemistry.Petroleum Geology&Experiment,25(5):487-491(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li,S.H.,Li,S.P.,Hu,Y.Y.,et al.,2017.Sequence Stratigraphy:Problems and Discussion.Earth Science,42(12):2312-2326(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.144
Li,S.T.,2000.The Dynamics of Sedimentary Basins and Energy Resources-Retrospective and Prospects at the Turn of the Century.Earth Science Frontiers,7(3):1-9(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.,Zhang,G.Y.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2017.Geochemistry and Origin of Upper Cretaceous Oils from the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,40(2):195-207.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12672
Liu,B.,Pan,J.H.,Wan,L.K.,et al.,2012.Structural Evolution and Main Controlling Factors of the Paleogene Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Termit Basin,Eastern Niger.Acta Petrolei Sinica,33(3):394-403(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,B.,Wan,L.K.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2015.Hydrocarbon Potential of Upper Cretaceous Marine Source Rocks in the Termit Basin,Niger.Journal of Petroleum Geology,38(2):157-175.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpg.12604
Liu,L.F.,Kang,Y.S.,Qi,X.F.,et al.,2002.Evaluation on Source Rocks in the Jurassic Sequence Stratigraphic Frameworks of the Junggar Basin,China.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,20(4):687-694(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,R.H.,Jiang,Z.X.,Wang,X.Y.,et al.,2017.Seismic Facies Identification and Sedimentary Facies Analysis in Upper Cretaceous Madama Formation,Termit Basin,Niger.Marine Orgin Petroleum Geology,22(2):59-66(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu,Y.M.,Ye,J.R.,Cao,Q.,et al.,2017.Preliminary Prediction and Evaluation of Source Rocks in the Lunpola Basin,Tibet,China.Earth Science,42(4):601-612(in Chinese with English abstract).https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.047
Lü,M.S.,Xue,L.Q.,Su,Y.D.,et al.,2012.Rifting Controls on Sequence Stratigraphic Architecture:A Case Study in the Lower Cretaceous of Termit Basin,West African Rift System.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),42(3):647-656(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lü,M.S.,Xue,L.Q.,Wan,L.K.,et al.,2015.Main Controlling Factors of Paleogene Hydrocarbon Accumulation of Termit Basin,West African Rift System.Earth Science Frontiers,22(6):207-216(in Chinese with English abstract).
Passey,Q.,Creaney,S.,Kulla,J.,et al.,1990.A Practical Model for Organic Richness from Porosity and Resistivity Logs.AAPG Bulletin,74(12):1777-1794.https://doi.org/10.1306/0c9b25c9-1710-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Peters,K.E.,Snedden,J.W.,Sulaeman,A.,et al.,2000.A New Geochemical-Sequence Stratigraphic Model for the Mahakam Delta and Makassar Slope,Kalimantan Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,84(1):12-44.https://doi.org/10.1306/e4fd3a09-1732-11d7-8645000102c1865d
Robison,V.D.,Liro,L.M.,Robison,C.R.,et al.,1996.Integrated Geochemistry,Organic Petrology,and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Triassic Shublik Formation,Tenneco Phoenix#1Well,North Slope,Alaska,U.S.A..Organic Geochemistry,24(2):257-272.https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(96)00023-x
Tang,G.,Sun,Z.H.,Su,J.Q.,et al.,2015.Study of Cretaceous Sequential Stratigraphy and Sedimentary System in Termit Basin of West Africa.China Petroleum Exploration,20(4):81-88(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tang,W.X.,Jiang,Z.X.,Liu,R.H.,et al.,2017.Geochemical Characteristics and Depositional Environment of the Yogou Formation Mudstone in the Termit Basin,Niger.Oil&Gas Geology,38(3):592-601(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tissot,B.,Welte,D.,1984.Petroleum Formation and Occurance(Second Revised and Enlarged Edition).Springer-Verlag,Berlin,495-546.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87813-8
Van Wagoner,J.C.,Mitchum,R.M.,Campion,K.M.,et al.,1990.Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy in Well Logs,Cores,and Outcrops:Concepts for High-resolution Correlation of Time and Facies.AAPG Methods in Exploration Series,7:3-51.
Wan,L.K.,Liu,J.G.,Mao,F.J.,et al.,2014.The Petroleum Geochemistry of the Termit Basin,Eastern Niger.Marine and Petroleum Geology,51(2):167-183.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2013.11.006
Wang,Z.S.,Tang,G.,Su,J.Q.,et al.,2016.Marine-Continental Transitional Sedimentation and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Condition of Cretaceous Yogou Formation in Moul Sag,Niger.Natural Gas Geoscience,27(7):1153-1163(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao,Y.D.,Liu,L.F.,Zhang,Z.H.,et al.,2008.Distribution and Hydrocarbon Generation of the Eogene Source Rocks in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework in the Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin.Acta Sedimentolgica Sinica,26(6):1077-1085(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhou,L.H.,Su,J.Q.,Dong,X.W.,et al.,2017.Controlling Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in Termit Rift Superimposed Basin,Niger.Petroleum Exploration and Development,44(3):330-339.(in Chinese with English abstract).
侯庆杰,金强,牛成民,等,2018.辽东湾地区主力烃源岩分布特征与主控因素.地球科学,43(6):2160-2171.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2018.568
霍秋立,曾花森,付丽,等,2011.ΔlgR测井源岩评价方法的改进及其在松辽盆地的应用.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),41(2):586-591.
赖洪飞,李美俊,刘计国,等,2018.强制海退体系域中烃源岩的类型与测井评价---以尼日尔Termit盆地为例.沉积学报,36(2):390-398.
李浩,陆建林,李瑞磊,等,2017.长岭断陷下白垩统湖相烃源岩形成古环境及主控因素.地球科学,42(10):1774-1786.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.539
李美俊,李思田,杨龙,等,2005.层序地层地球化学及其在油气勘探中的作用.地学前缘,12(3):219-226.
李美俊,周东升,2003.层序地层地球化学-地球化学研究的新进展.石油实验地质,25(5):487-491.
李绍虎,李树鹏,胡言烨,等,2017.层序地层学:问题与讨论.地球科学,42(12):2312-2326.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.144
李思田,2000.盆地动力学与能源资源-世纪之交的回顾与展望.地学前缘,7(3):1-9.
刘邦,潘校华,万仑坤,等,2012.东尼日尔Termit盆地构造演化及古近系油气成藏主控因素.石油学报,33(3):394-403.
刘洛夫,康永尚,齐雪峰,等,2002.准噶尔盆地侏罗系层序地层格架中的烃源岩评价.沉积学报,20(4):687-694.
刘若涵,姜在兴,王旭影,等,2017.尼日尔Termit盆地上白垩统Madama组地震相识别与沉积相演化分析.海相油气地质,22(2):59-66.
刘一茗,叶加仁,曹强,等,2017.西藏伦坡拉盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩预测与评价.地球科学,42(4):601-612.https://doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2017.047
吕明胜,薛良清,苏永地,等,2012.裂谷作用对层序地层充填样式的控制---以西非裂谷系Termit盆地下白垩统为例.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(3):647-656.
吕明胜,薛良清,万仑坤,等,2015.西非裂谷系Termit盆地古近系油气成藏主控因素分析.地学前缘,22(6):207-216.
汤戈,孙志华,苏俊青,等,2015.西非Termit盆地白垩系层序地层与沉积体系研究.中国石油勘探,20(4):81-88.
汤望新,姜在兴,刘若涵,等,2017.尼日尔Termit盆地Yogou组泥岩地球化学特征及沉积背景.石油与天然气地质,38(3):592-601.
王振升,汤戈,苏俊青,等,2016.尼日尔Moul凹陷白垩系Yogou组海陆过渡相沉积与成藏条件.天然气地球科学,27(7):1153-1163.
赵彦德,刘洛夫,张枝焕,等,2008.南堡凹陷古近系层序地层格架中烃源岩分布与生烃特征研究.沉积学报,26(6):1077-1085.
周立宏,苏俊青,董晓伟,等,2017.尼日尔Termit裂谷型叠合盆地油气成藏特征与主控因素.石油勘探与开发,44(3):330-339.