应用显微红外法的硅橡胶复合绝缘子伞裙老化深度研究
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摘要
复合绝缘子在运行环境因素的综合作用下易发生老化并引发绝缘子性能劣化乃至失效,因此对绝缘子老化影响深度进行检测和评估非常必要。采用显微红外光谱技术,通过测量硅橡胶伞裙由表及里不同深度处的2960 cm-1甲基峰面积分布变化,发展了一种测量运行硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化深度的检测技术。系统讨论了显微红外光谱法的测试原理、扫描方式、边界效应影响等问题,并分别针对线扫描及面扫描模式提出了相应的老化深度计算方法。同时应用该方法测试了广东电网500kV输电线路抽检复合绝缘子低压端伞裙的老化深度,发现基本在50~85?m之间;还对500kV榕茅甲线断串复合绝缘子的故障部位伞裙的老化状态进行了研究,发现由于高压端放电现象严重,故障部位伞裙老化深度达105~141?m,为正常老化情况(35?m)的3~4倍。
Degradation of silicone rubber is due to combined effects of environmental factors such as UV radiation, intense electric field, humidity and so on. Thus, it is necessary to determinate degradation depth and evaluate aging state of composite insulators in service. In this paper, infrared microspectroscopy technique was employed to study aging state of silicone rubber, and a novel method was developed to investigate degradation depth according to variation of peak areas in infrared vibrational spectrum of C-H stretch modes arising from methyl group vibration(2960 cm-1). Testing principle, scan mode and boundary effects of infrared microspectroscopy were discussed. Based on line and surface scanning modes, corresponding calculation methods of degradation depth were proposed respectively. The technique was applied to operation state evaluation and aging failure analysis for composite insulators in service. For example, degradation depths of silicone rubber sheds at low-potential end of selected composite insulators of some 500kV transmission lines in Guangdong Power Grid were obtained as about 50-85μm. Aging state was checked and investigated for silicone rubber sheds at broken composite insulators around fault locations in Rongmao Line A. Results showed that degradation depths of these sheds were 105-141μm because of serious discharge, 3 to 4 times as deep as for normal situation.
Degradation of silicone rubber is due to combined effects of environmental factors such as UV radiation, intense electric field, humidity and so on. Thus, it is necessary to determinate degradation depth and evaluate aging state of composite insulators in service. In this paper, infrared microspectroscopy technique was employed to study aging state of silicone rubber, and a novel method was developed to investigate degradation depth according to variation of peak areas in infrared vibrational spectrum of C-H stretch modes arising from methyl group vibration(2960 cm-1). Testing principle, scan mode and boundary effects of infrared microspectroscopy were discussed. Based on line and surface scanning modes, corresponding calculation methods of degradation depth were proposed respectively. The technique was applied to operation state evaluation and aging failure analysis for composite insulators in service. For example, degradation depths of silicone rubber sheds at low-potential end of selected composite insulators of some 500kV transmission lines in Guangdong Power Grid were obtained as about 50-85μm. Aging state was checked and investigated for silicone rubber sheds at broken composite insulators around fault locations in Rongmao Line A. Results showed that degradation depths of these sheds were 105-141μm because of serious discharge, 3 to 4 times as deep as for normal situation.
引文
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[18]陈晓春,郑敏聪,李建华.合成绝缘子硅橡胶伞群材料的老化特性及其红外光谱研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(S1):57-62.Chen Xiaochun,Zheng Mincong,Li Jianhua.Aging characteristics of silicone rubber composite insulator sheds studied by infrared spectroscopy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(S1):57-62(in Chinese).
[19]Liu Y,Xu S,Wu C,et al.Influence of AC corona discharge on contamination layer of composite insulator surface[C]//Proceeding of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Ann Arbor,USA,2015:197-200.
[20]徐晓刚,彭向阳,许志海,等.硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化程度的鉴定方法:ZL201310292330.8[P].2015-07-22.
[21]林宏升.现场运行复合绝缘子老化及憎水恢复性研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2015.
[22]Chen C,Jia Z,Wang X,et al.Micro characterization and degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber used for external insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):313-321.
[23]梁英,郭兴五.基于FTIR的硅橡胶绝缘材料的老化程度评估[J].高压电器,2015,51(8):62-67.Liang Ying,Guo Xingwu.Aging condition assessment of silicone rubber for composite insulators based on FTIR[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(8):62-67(in Chinese).
[24]Gubanski S M.Outdoor polymeric insulators:role of corona in performance of silicone rubber housings[C]//Proceeding of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Ann Arbor,USA,2015:1-9.
[25]Delor-Jestin F,Tomer N S,Lacoste J,et al.Durability of crosslinked polydimethylsyloxanes:the case of composite insulators[J].Science and Technology of Advanced Materials,2008,9(2):24406.
[2]刘泽洪.复合绝缘子使用现状及其在特高压输电线路中的应用前景[J].电网技术,2006,30(12):1-7.Liu Zehong.Present situation and prospects of applying composite insulators to UHF transmission lines in China[J].Power System Technology,2006,30(12):1-7(in Chinese).
[3]邱志贤.高压复合绝缘子及其应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:294-310.
[4]关志成,刘瑛岩,周远翔,等.绝缘子及输变电设备外绝缘[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:136-161.
[5]邓桃,杨滴,陶文彪,等.复合绝缘子粉化伞裙的微观结构与憎水性的关联研究[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):328-334.Deng Tao,Yang Di,Tao Wenbiao,et al.The relationship between microstructure and hydrophobicity of pulverized composite insulator sheds[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):328-334(in Chinese).
[6]谢从珍,袁超,胡长猛,等.?800 k V直流耐张串复合绝缘子伞裙材料的老化特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(3):735-741.Xie Congzhen,Yuan Chao,Hu Changmeng,et al.Aging characteristics of shed materials of composite insulators in?800 k V dc tension strings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(3):735-741(in Chinese).
[7]傅佳,覃永雄,王勇,等.248 nm紫外激光照射高温硫化硅橡胶实验及老化机理探讨[J].电网技术,2012,36(11):277-282.Fu Jia,Qin Yongxiong,Wang Yong,et al.248 nm Ultraviolet laser radiation experiment of high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber and its accelerated ageing mechanism[J].Power System Technology,2012,36(11):277-282(in Chinese).
[8]蓝磊,文习山,刘辉.用红外光谱研究室温硫化硅橡胶电晕老化及寿命估计[J].高电压技术,2009,35(11):2652-2656.Lan Lei,Wen Xishan,Liu Hui.Corona aging test and lifetime evaluation of RTV silicone rubber through FTIR[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(11):2652-2656(in Chinese).
[9]杨晓辉.基于傅立叶变换红外光谱测试的复合绝缘子老化评估方法研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2013.
[10]Zhou Y,Tu Y,Liu D,et al.Aging characteristic at different depths in a single composite insulators shed[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(3):1630-1635.
[11]梁英,崔春艳,易春芳,等.复合绝缘子老化状态精细评估中的取样方法[J].电网技术,2015,39(2):530-535.Liang Ying,Cui Chunyan,Yi Chunfang,et al.Sampling method for aging state fine-estimation of composite insulators[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(2):530-535(in Chinese).
[12]黄红英,尹齐和.傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法(ATR-FTIR)的原理与应用进展[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学,医学版),2011,32(1):20-31.Huang Hongying,Yin Qihe.Fundamentals and application advances in attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR)[J].Journal of the Gratuates in Sun Yat-Sen University(Natural Science,Medicine),2011,32(1):20-31(in Chinese).
[13]翁诗甫.傅立叶变换红外光谱仪[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:178-182.
[14]Varriano-Marston E.An infrared microspectroscopy method for determining deterrent penetration in nitrocellulose-based propellant grains[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1987,33(1):107-116.
[15]王永强,燕迎祥,何杰.基于泄漏电流和红外光谱的复合绝缘子憎水性研究[J].高电压技术,2015,41(8):2764-2771.Wang Yongqiang,Yan Yingxiang,He Jie.Hydrophobicity of composite insulators based on the leakage current and infrared spectroscopy[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(8):2764-2771(in Chinese).
[16]谭宇翔,任海燕.基于傅立叶红外光谱法的复合绝缘子老化程度诊断研究[J].电气自动化,2013(1):91-94.Tan Yuxiang,Ren Haiyan.Study on diagnosis of composite insulators'degree of aging based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy test method[J].Electrical Automation,2013(1):91-94(in Chinese).
[17]黄成才,李永刚.复合绝缘子老化状态评估方法研究综述[J].电力建设,2014,35(9):28-34.Huang Chengcai,Li Yonggang.A review of aging evaluation methods for composite insulators[J].Electric Power Construction,2014,35(9):28-34(in Chinese).
[18]陈晓春,郑敏聪,李建华.合成绝缘子硅橡胶伞群材料的老化特性及其红外光谱研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(S1):57-62.Chen Xiaochun,Zheng Mincong,Li Jianhua.Aging characteristics of silicone rubber composite insulator sheds studied by infrared spectroscopy[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(S1):57-62(in Chinese).
[19]Liu Y,Xu S,Wu C,et al.Influence of AC corona discharge on contamination layer of composite insulator surface[C]//Proceeding of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Ann Arbor,USA,2015:197-200.
[20]徐晓刚,彭向阳,许志海,等.硅橡胶复合绝缘子老化程度的鉴定方法:ZL201310292330.8[P].2015-07-22.
[21]林宏升.现场运行复合绝缘子老化及憎水恢复性研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2015.
[22]Chen C,Jia Z,Wang X,et al.Micro characterization and degradation mechanism of liquid silicone rubber used for external insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2015,22(1):313-321.
[23]梁英,郭兴五.基于FTIR的硅橡胶绝缘材料的老化程度评估[J].高压电器,2015,51(8):62-67.Liang Ying,Guo Xingwu.Aging condition assessment of silicone rubber for composite insulators based on FTIR[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(8):62-67(in Chinese).
[24]Gubanski S M.Outdoor polymeric insulators:role of corona in performance of silicone rubber housings[C]//Proceeding of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,Ann Arbor,USA,2015:1-9.
[25]Delor-Jestin F,Tomer N S,Lacoste J,et al.Durability of crosslinked polydimethylsyloxanes:the case of composite insulators[J].Science and Technology of Advanced Materials,2008,9(2):24406.