配电线路雷电感应过电压的避雷器防护分析
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摘要
雷电感应过电压导致配电线路发生跳闸或故障的比例要远高于雷电直击,因此需要分析采用线路避雷器对配电线路感应过电压的防护效果。利用EMTP软件编程计算线路雷电感应过电压,分析安装线路避雷器对感应过电压的防护效果,讨论雷电流幅值和雷击点距线路距离、避雷器安装间距、接地电阻对避雷器抑制感应过电压效果的影响。分析结果表明:配电线路安装线路避雷器后能够在一定程度抑制雷电感应过电压;雷电流幅值越高、雷击点距线路近,避雷器抑制感应过电压的效果越弱;避雷器安装间距影响对感应过电压的防护效果,安装越密,线路感应过电压降低越明显。接地电阻对避雷器感应过电压防护影响非常大,过高的接地电阻会严重削弱避雷器对感应过电压的抑制效果,因此需要尽可能降低避雷器接地电阻。
Line faults caused by lightning induced overvoltage are far higher than direct lightning,so it is necessary to analyze application of line surge arresters against lightning induced overvoltage of distribution lines. Lightning induced overvoltage was calculated by means of model in EMTP. Protection effect of installing line arresters was analyzed. Influence of distance from lightning strike point to the distribution line,amplitude of lightning current and line arrester configurations were discussed. Results show that:overvoltage of the distribution line could be inhibited to some degree after installing line arresters. Inhibition effect of the line arresters decreases with the decreasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of amplitude of lightning current. Line arrester configurations influence inhibition effect of arresters and lightning induced overvoltage decreases along with the installing density increases. Grounding resistance has also strongly influenced inhibition effect of the line arrester which will be been seriously weakened by exorbitant grounding resistance,so it is essential to reduce grounding resistance as low as possible.
Line faults caused by lightning induced overvoltage are far higher than direct lightning,so it is necessary to analyze application of line surge arresters against lightning induced overvoltage of distribution lines. Lightning induced overvoltage was calculated by means of model in EMTP. Protection effect of installing line arresters was analyzed. Influence of distance from lightning strike point to the distribution line,amplitude of lightning current and line arrester configurations were discussed. Results show that:overvoltage of the distribution line could be inhibited to some degree after installing line arresters. Inhibition effect of the line arresters decreases with the decreasing of distance from lightning strike point to the line as well as the increasing of amplitude of lightning current. Line arrester configurations influence inhibition effect of arresters and lightning induced overvoltage decreases along with the installing density increases. Grounding resistance has also strongly influenced inhibition effect of the line arrester which will be been seriously weakened by exorbitant grounding resistance,so it is essential to reduce grounding resistance as low as possible.
引文
[1]横山茂.配电线路雷害对策[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008.
[2]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[3]吴泳聪,陈远东,罗汉武,等.树木对10kV配电线路防雷性能的影响[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):31-37.WU Yongcong,CHEN Yuandong,LUO Hanwu,et al.Study on the impact of trees on the lightning performance of 10 k V distribution lines[J].Electric Power,2014,47(6):31-37.
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[5]RUSCK S.Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J].Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
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[7]徐兴发,聂一雄,程汉湘,等.基于改进Agrawal模型和FDTD法的感应雷过电压算法[J].南方电网技术,2014,8(1):27-32.XU Xingfa,NIE Yixiong,CHENG Hanxiang,et al.Acalculation method of lightning induced over-voltage with improved agrawal model and FDTD method[J].Southern Power System Technology,2014,8(1):27-32.
[8]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[9]李云阁.ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[10]许彬.基于PSCAD的220 k V线路开关雷击故障的电磁暂态分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(5):116-120.XU Bin.Electromagnetic transient analysis of lightning failure of the 220 k V Line Switch based on PSCAD[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(5):116-120.
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[12]KR H.Calculation of lightning-induced voltages in models including lossy ground effects[J].International Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2003)2003,1-6.
[13]FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[14]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[15]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46,50.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai.Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46,50.
[16]COORAY V.Calculating lightning-induced overvoltages in power lines.A comparison of two coupling models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[17]陈思明,尹慧,唐军,等.10 k V架空配电线路感应雷过电压暂态特性分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(2):90-96.CHEN Saiming,YIN Hui,TANG Jun,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of induction thunder overvoltage in10 k V overhead distribution lines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(2):90-96.
[18]陆小花.架空配电线路感应雷过电压计算与防护的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[19]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强.10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang.Study on application of line surge arresters to 10 k V distribution line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[20]ERIKSSON A J.An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.
[21]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[2]吴广宁.过电压防护的理论与技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2015.
[3]吴泳聪,陈远东,罗汉武,等.树木对10kV配电线路防雷性能的影响[J].中国电力,2014,47(6):31-37.WU Yongcong,CHEN Yuandong,LUO Hanwu,et al.Study on the impact of trees on the lightning performance of 10 k V distribution lines[J].Electric Power,2014,47(6):31-37.
[4]交流电气装置的过电压保护和绝缘配合设计规范GB50064-2014[S].
[5]RUSCK S.Induced-lightning overvoltages on power transmission lines with special reference to the overvoltage protection of low voltage networks[J].Trans of Royal Institute of Technology,1958,8(1/2):11-21.
[6]IEEE Guide for Improving the Lightning Performance of Electric Power Overhead Distribution Lines IEEE Std.1410-2010.[S].
[7]徐兴发,聂一雄,程汉湘,等.基于改进Agrawal模型和FDTD法的感应雷过电压算法[J].南方电网技术,2014,8(1):27-32.XU Xingfa,NIE Yixiong,CHENG Hanxiang,et al.Acalculation method of lightning induced over-voltage with improved agrawal model and FDTD method[J].Southern Power System Technology,2014,8(1):27-32.
[8]余占清,曾嵘,王绍安,等.配电线路雷电感应过电压仿真计算分析[J].高电压技术,2013,39(2):415-422.YU Zhanqing,ZENG Rong,WANG Shaoan,et al.Simulation calculation and analysis of lightning induced overvoltage on power distribution lines[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(2):415-422.
[9]李云阁.ATP-EMTP及其在电力系统中的应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2016.
[10]许彬.基于PSCAD的220 k V线路开关雷击故障的电磁暂态分析[J].高压电器,2017,53(5):116-120.XU Bin.Electromagnetic transient analysis of lightning failure of the 220 k V Line Switch based on PSCAD[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017,53(5):116-120.
[11]Paolone M,Nucci C A,Borghetti A,et al.A New interface for lightning induced overvoltages calculation between EMTP and LIOV code[C]//IEEE PES Summer Meeting,2001.
[12]KR H.Calculation of lightning-induced voltages in models including lossy ground effects[J].International Conference on Power Systems Transients(IPST 2003)2003,1-6.
[13]FREDERICK M T,MICHEL V I,Torbjorn Karlsson.EMC分析方法与计算模型[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2009.
[14]陈绍东.基于自然和人工触发闪电的自动气象站雷电防护试验和理论研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2010.
[15]张玉凤,张鹏,李帅.风机塔筒的雷电电磁场屏蔽效能分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(4):42-46,50.ZHANG Yufeng,ZHANG Peng,LI Shuai.Analysis of lightning electromagnetic field shielding effectiveness of wind turbine towers[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(4):42-46,50.
[16]COORAY V.Calculating lightning-induced overvoltages in power lines.A comparison of two coupling models[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,1994,36(3):179-182.
[17]陈思明,尹慧,唐军,等.10 k V架空配电线路感应雷过电压暂态特性分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2014(2):90-96.CHEN Saiming,YIN Hui,TANG Jun,et al.Analysis on transient characteristic of induction thunder overvoltage in10 k V overhead distribution lines[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2014(2):90-96.
[18]陆小花.架空配电线路感应雷过电压计算与防护的研究[D].南京:河海大学,2007.
[19]刘健,杨仲江,华荣强.10 k V配电线路采用避雷器防护研究[J].高压电器,2017(9):181-185.LIU Jian,YANG Zhongjiang,HUA Rongqiang.Study on application of line surge arresters to 10 k V distribution line[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2017(9):181-185.
[20]ERIKSSON A J.An improved electro geometric model for transmission line shielding analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1987,2(3):871-886.
[21]何金良,曾嵘.配电线路雷电防护[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.