不同林龄云南松人工林土壤腐殖质的组成分析
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摘要
为了解不同林龄阶段人工林土壤腐殖质化学组成和结构特征的差异,以云南松人工纯林为研究对象,利用土壤化学分组及傅里叶变换红外光谱等研究手段,对土壤胡敏酸(HA)和富里酸(FA)的结构特征进行分析.结果表明,随着造林时间增加,土壤p H呈下降趋势,造林年限增加27年,土壤p H下降0.6个单位.幼林阶段土壤C,C/H高于中龄林和成熟林阶段,而土壤N,H,C/N随造林年限增加变化不大.各林龄阶段表层土壤C,N,C/N,C/H普遍高于表层以下土壤.红外光谱分析表明,云南松人工林土壤HA和FA具有相似的化学结构及官能团组成,主要含有酚羟基、芳香基、脂族烃基、羧基等基团.从造林年限变化趋势看,从幼林到成熟林阶段,土壤表层HA中小分子糖类物质减少,芳香类物质增加,说明造林年限增加土壤HA结构变得复杂.土壤FA随造林年限的变化特征与HA相似,但其表层(0~20 cm)土壤中羧基含量增加十分明显,说明表土羧酸类物质有随林龄增加的趋势,这可能是引起造林后期土壤p H下降的原因之一.从剖面深度看,随土层增加,土壤HA和FA中小分子糖类物质呈降低趋势,而芳香类物质含量增加,说明人工林深层土壤腐殖质的化学稳定性高于表土层.
To understandthe differences of chemical composition and structure characteristics in plantation soil humus with different ages,humic acids( HA) and fulvic acids( FA) in Yunnan pine plantation were studied by chemical fractionation,elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR). The results indicated that the soil p H decreased with the increase of afforestation time. When the afforestation time increased by 27 years,the p H of soil decreased by 0. 6 units. The C and C/H ratios of soil in young forest stage were higher than those either in middle-aged forest or mature forest,while N content,H content and C/N ratio in soil changed little with increasing stand age. Generally,at the same afforestation age,the C content,N content,C/N ratio and C/H ration in surface soil were higher than those in deep soil. The FTIR analysis indicated that the HA and FA in Yunnan pine plantation soil showed similar chemical structure and functional groups,and there were mainly phenolic hydroxyl group,aromatic group,aliphatic hydrocarbon group,carboxyl group,et al. With the extension of afforestation time,the content of carbohydrate of HA in surface soil decreased,while the amount of aromatics increased,suggesting the HA in soil became complicated and refractory. The content of carboxyl groups of FA in surface soil( 0 ~ 20 cm) showed obvious increase with the extension of afforestation time,which could further result in the decrease of soil p H. When the soil depth rose up,the contentof small molecule carbohydrate in HA and FA of soil gradually decreased,while the content of aromatic substances showed increasing trend. The results indicated chemical structure of soil humus in plantations soil was more stable than that in surface soil.
To understandthe differences of chemical composition and structure characteristics in plantation soil humus with different ages,humic acids( HA) and fulvic acids( FA) in Yunnan pine plantation were studied by chemical fractionation,elemental analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR). The results indicated that the soil p H decreased with the increase of afforestation time. When the afforestation time increased by 27 years,the p H of soil decreased by 0. 6 units. The C and C/H ratios of soil in young forest stage were higher than those either in middle-aged forest or mature forest,while N content,H content and C/N ratio in soil changed little with increasing stand age. Generally,at the same afforestation age,the C content,N content,C/N ratio and C/H ration in surface soil were higher than those in deep soil. The FTIR analysis indicated that the HA and FA in Yunnan pine plantation soil showed similar chemical structure and functional groups,and there were mainly phenolic hydroxyl group,aromatic group,aliphatic hydrocarbon group,carboxyl group,et al. With the extension of afforestation time,the content of carbohydrate of HA in surface soil decreased,while the amount of aromatics increased,suggesting the HA in soil became complicated and refractory. The content of carboxyl groups of FA in surface soil( 0 ~ 20 cm) showed obvious increase with the extension of afforestation time,which could further result in the decrease of soil p H. When the soil depth rose up,the contentof small molecule carbohydrate in HA and FA of soil gradually decreased,while the content of aromatic substances showed increasing trend. The results indicated chemical structure of soil humus in plantations soil was more stable than that in surface soil.
引文
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[19]MARCOS J A,MARCOS E,TABOADA A.Comparison of community structure and soil characteristics in different aged Pinus sylvestris plantations and a natural pine forest[J],Forest Ecology and Management,2007,247(3):35-42.
[20]马云波,许中旗,张岩,等.冀北山区华北落叶松人工林对土壤化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):165-170.
[2]PAQUETTE A,MESSIER C.The role of plantations in managing the world’s forests in the Anthropocene[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2010,8:27-34.
[3]窦森,于水强,张晋京.不同CO2浓度对玉米秸秆分解期间土壤腐殖质形成的影响[J].土壤学报,2007,(03):458-466.
[4]窦森,YVES TARDY,张晋京,等.土壤胡敏酸与富里酸热力学稳定性及其驱动因素初步研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(01):71-76.
[5]王鑫,王金成,刘建新.不同恢复阶段人工沙棘林土壤腐殖质组成及性质[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(05):49-54.
[6]张玉兰,孙彩霞,陈振华,等.红外光谱法测定肥料施用26年土壤的腐殖质组分特征[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2010,30(05):1210-1213.
[7]GHAZARYAN H G,KROYAN S Z,MANUKYAN N M.Current state of humus in irrigated meadow-brown soils in the Republic of Armenia[J].Annals of Agrarian Science,2016,14(4):307-310.
[8]PANDELOVA M,HENKELMANN B,BUSSIAN B M.Results of the second national forest soil inventory in Germany-Interpretation of level and stock profiles for PCDD/F and PCB in terms of vegetation and humus type[J].Science of The Total Environment,2018,610(1):1-9.
[9]胡雷,王长庭,阿的鲁骥,等.高寒草甸植物根系生物量及有机碳含量与土壤机械组成的关系[J].西南民族大学学报(自然科学版),2015,41(01):6-11.
[10]张晓曦,刘增文,朱博超,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区纯林土壤腐殖质异化特征及与其他性质的关系[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1779-1787.
[11]AHMED F,OSAMA O,HEND E.Spectroscopic analyses of soil samples outside Nile Delta of Egypt[J].Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2016,168(5):244-252.
[12]PEEYUSH SHARMA,YAEL LAOR,MICHAEL RAVIV.Compositional characteristics of organic matter and its water-extractable components across a profile of organically managed soil[J].Geoderma,2017,286(15):73-82.
[13]李强.金沙江干热河谷生态环境特征与植被恢复关键技术研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2008.
[14]王纪杰,王炳南,李宝福,等.不同林龄巨尾桉人工林土壤养分变化[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(01):8-14.
[15]JOHNSON C E,JOHNSON A H,HUNTINGTON T G.Whole-tree clear-cutting effects on soil horizons and organic matter pools[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1991,55:497-502.
[16]程国玲,邵士文,陈永亮.水曲柳落叶松纯林与混交林根际土壤p H值变化对比[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(2):102-104.
[17]陈立新.落叶松人工林土壤质量变化规律与调控措施的研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2003.
[18]BINKLEY D,DUNKIN K A,BELL D.Production and nutrient cycling in mixed plantation of Eucalyptusand Albizia in Hawaii[J].Forestry Science,1992,38:393-408.
[19]MARCOS J A,MARCOS E,TABOADA A.Comparison of community structure and soil characteristics in different aged Pinus sylvestris plantations and a natural pine forest[J],Forest Ecology and Management,2007,247(3):35-42.
[20]马云波,许中旗,张岩,等.冀北山区华北落叶松人工林对土壤化学性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):165-170.