尺寸约束下圆环阵MIMO声呐阵型设计和波束优化
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摘要
传统主动声呐采用圆环阵接收可获得360°视角,但是在尺寸有限时面临着波束主瓣宽度大、旁瓣级高等不足,针对这些不足,文中提出了阵列尺寸约束下圆环阵多输入多输出(MIMO)声呐阵型设计和波束优化方法。圆环阵MIMO声呐由发射圆环阵和接收圆环阵组成,通过优化发射圆环阵和接收圆环阵的半径和相对旋转角,设计了具有低旁瓣波束的最优阵型。在该阵型的基础上,通过将圆环阵MIMO声呐的波束优化问题转化为与其等效的虚拟平面阵波束优化问题(建立以旁瓣级最低为目标函数,主瓣方向无失真响应,并约束加权向量2-范数保证稳健性),获得了期望的低旁瓣波束图。数值仿真结果表明,所提方法可以在不增加阵列尺寸和波束宽度的前提下,获得比传统圆环阵更低的旁瓣级。
By using a receiving circular array, the traditional active sonar can achieve a 360° view field. However, it suffers from a wide beamwidth and a high sidelobe level under the condition of limited physical size of the circular array. To address this problem, we focus on a circular-array multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) sonar, and propose the corresponding array layout design and beampattern optimization method. The circular-array MIMO sonar is composed of a circular transmitting array and a circular receiving array. And for the purpose of suppressing the sidelobe level, the radius of the two arrays and the relative rotation angle between them are optimized synchronously. Furthermore, to obtain a low sidelobe beampattern, we calculate the weights on the virtual planar array of the designed circular-array MIMO sonar by solving a convex optimization problem. Specifically, the objective function is established to minimize the sidelobe level and set the mainlobe direction response without distortion, and the Euclid norm constraint on the calculated weights is used to ensure relatively robust beampattern performance. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method can obtain a lower sidelobe level than the traditional active sonar with same physical array size and same mainlobe width.
By using a receiving circular array, the traditional active sonar can achieve a 360° view field. However, it suffers from a wide beamwidth and a high sidelobe level under the condition of limited physical size of the circular array. To address this problem, we focus on a circular-array multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) sonar, and propose the corresponding array layout design and beampattern optimization method. The circular-array MIMO sonar is composed of a circular transmitting array and a circular receiving array. And for the purpose of suppressing the sidelobe level, the radius of the two arrays and the relative rotation angle between them are optimized synchronously. Furthermore, to obtain a low sidelobe beampattern, we calculate the weights on the virtual planar array of the designed circular-array MIMO sonar by solving a convex optimization problem. Specifically, the objective function is established to minimize the sidelobe level and set the mainlobe direction response without distortion, and the Euclid norm constraint on the calculated weights is used to ensure relatively robust beampattern performance. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method can obtain a lower sidelobe level than the traditional active sonar with same physical array size and same mainlobe width.
引文
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[11]Liu X H,Chao S,Jie Z,et al.Devising MIMO Arrays for Underwater 3-D Short-Range Imagine[J].Oceans,2012,11(18):1-7.
[12]刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新,等.单基地多输入多输出声呐的方位分辨力[J].声学学报,2016,41(2):163-173.Liu Xiong-hou,Sun Chao,Yang Yi-xin,et aI.On Angle Resolution Mono-Static Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Sonar[J].Acta Acustica,2016,41(2):163-173.
[13]鄢社锋,马远良.传感器阵列波束优化设计及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:112-118.
[14]蒋光禹,孙超,刘雄厚,等.MIMO声呐浮标低旁瓣波束优化[C]//2016年全国声学学术会议论文集.北京:中国声学学会,2016.
[15]杨益新.声呐波束形成与波束域高分辨方位估计技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2002:14-15.
[16]孙超,刘雄厚.MIMO声呐概念与技术特点探讨[J].声学技术,2012,31(2):117-124.Sun Chao,Liu Xiong-hou.MIMO Sonar:Concept and Technical Characteristic Discuss[J].Technical Acoustics,2012,31(2):117-124.
[17]贺青,罗来源,姚山峰.基于凸优化的小孔径圆阵波束形成研究与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2016,33(4):15-18.He Qing,Luo Lai-yuan,Yao Shan-feng.Beamforming Design and Simulation for Small Aperture Circular Array Based on Convex Optimization[J].Computer Simulation,2016,33(4):15-18.
[18]鄢社锋,马远良,孙超.任意几何形状和阵元指向性的传感器阵列优化波束形成方法[J].声学学报,2005,30(3):264-270.Yan She-feng,Ma Yuan-liang,Sun Chao.Beampattern Optimization for Sonar Arrays of Arbitrary Geometry and Element Directivity[J].Acta Acustica,2005,30(3):264-270.
[2]孙超.水下多传感器阵列信号处理[M].第1版.西安:西北工业大学出版社,2007:153-161.
[3]Davies D E.Circular Arrays:Handbook of Antenna Design,Vol.2[M].IET Digital Library,1983:298-329.
[4]Ioannides P,Balanis C A.Uniform Circular Arrays for Smart Antennas[J].Antennas&Propagation Magazine IEEE,2004,47(4):192-206.
[5]Li J,Stoica P,Xu L Z,et al.On Parameter Identifiability of MIMO Radar[J].IEEE Siganl Process Letters,2007,14(12):968-971.
[6]Li J,Stoica P.MIMO Radar with Colocated Antennas[J].IEEE Signal Process Magazine,2007,24(5):106-114.
[7]Bekkerman I,Tabrikian J.Target Detection and Localization Using MIMO Radars and Sonars[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2006,54(10):3873-3883.
[8]Ma N.Frequency Diversity for Active Sonar/Radar Application and Optimal Receiver Design[C]//Oceans2010 MTS/IEEE Seattle.USA:IEEE,2010.
[9]张友文,孙大军.MIMO声呐自适应波束形成技术研究[C]//2009年度全国物理声学会议会议录.北京:中国声学学会,2009.
[10]Wang F P.An Iterative Way of MIMO Sonar Target Detection:A Method that Protrudes the Weak Target[J].Applied Acoustics,2010,29(1):11-16.
[11]Liu X H,Chao S,Jie Z,et al.Devising MIMO Arrays for Underwater 3-D Short-Range Imagine[J].Oceans,2012,11(18):1-7.
[12]刘雄厚,孙超,杨益新,等.单基地多输入多输出声呐的方位分辨力[J].声学学报,2016,41(2):163-173.Liu Xiong-hou,Sun Chao,Yang Yi-xin,et aI.On Angle Resolution Mono-Static Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Sonar[J].Acta Acustica,2016,41(2):163-173.
[13]鄢社锋,马远良.传感器阵列波束优化设计及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:112-118.
[14]蒋光禹,孙超,刘雄厚,等.MIMO声呐浮标低旁瓣波束优化[C]//2016年全国声学学术会议论文集.北京:中国声学学会,2016.
[15]杨益新.声呐波束形成与波束域高分辨方位估计技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2002:14-15.
[16]孙超,刘雄厚.MIMO声呐概念与技术特点探讨[J].声学技术,2012,31(2):117-124.Sun Chao,Liu Xiong-hou.MIMO Sonar:Concept and Technical Characteristic Discuss[J].Technical Acoustics,2012,31(2):117-124.
[17]贺青,罗来源,姚山峰.基于凸优化的小孔径圆阵波束形成研究与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2016,33(4):15-18.He Qing,Luo Lai-yuan,Yao Shan-feng.Beamforming Design and Simulation for Small Aperture Circular Array Based on Convex Optimization[J].Computer Simulation,2016,33(4):15-18.
[18]鄢社锋,马远良,孙超.任意几何形状和阵元指向性的传感器阵列优化波束形成方法[J].声学学报,2005,30(3):264-270.Yan She-feng,Ma Yuan-liang,Sun Chao.Beampattern Optimization for Sonar Arrays of Arbitrary Geometry and Element Directivity[J].Acta Acustica,2005,30(3):264-270.