内置发热实木复合地板结构设计及工艺
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摘要
发热木地板具有易于居室布置、升温速度快、温度分布均匀等优点,但也存在工艺复杂、生产成本高、能耗大、安全性差等不足。笔者从工业化生产角度出发,根据地板热传导模型,借助Solidworks软件设计仿真,提出了内置发热实木复合地板结构及快速接头的设计方案。该内置发热实木复合地板由装饰表板、次表板、上基材、发热材料、导热材料、下基材、隔热材料等通过胶黏剂复合封装而成。根据发热材料和导热材料的不同,作者进一步分析了制备工艺,并对所试制样品委托第三方机构进行理化性能、电热效果及安全性能检测。结果表明:静曲强度为35.3 MPa,弹性模量为4 555 MPa,浸渍无剥离现象,尺寸稳定性好,甲醛释放量(40 L)为0.2 mg/L;可任意截断而不影响地板的发热效果,并实现地板串联、并联或者两者联合的快速安装;通电20 min后表面平均温度可达到25℃以上(测试环境温度5℃),工作温度下的泄漏电流<0.005 m A,冷态绝缘电阻及热态绝缘电阻均达500 MΩ;不会因自身发热而出现局部发黑、烧焦等现象,可安全用于潮湿环境。
The heating wood flooring can radiate the heat of the floor surface evenly to the room and achieve the indoor heating effect according to the air flowlawof "cold falling heating". The heating wood flooring has the advantages of easy room layout,fast heating rate and uniform temperature distribution,but it also has many drawbacks,such as complex process,high manufacturing cost,high energy consumption and poor safety. According to the floor heat conduction model designed by the Solidworks software simulation,the design scheme of internal heating engineered wood flooring structure and quick connector was put forward from the perspective of industrial production in this paper. The internal heating engineered wood flooring was made up of decorative board,sub surface board,upper substrate,heating components,thermal conductive components,substrate and insulation materials. According to the difference between heating components and thermal conductive components,the preparation process was further analyzed,and the physical and chemical properties,the electric-thermal effect and the safety performance were tested by the third-party organizations. The results are as follows: the static bending strength was X = 35.3 MPa(Xmin= 30.1 MPa),the elastic modulus was 4 555 MPa,immersion without stripping,good dimensional stability(thermal dimensional stability was0.19% in length and 0.30% in width direction,moisture resistance dimension stability was 0.12% in length and 0.17%in width direction,formaldehyde emission(40 L) was 0.2 mg/L. It can arbitrarily cut off without affecting the heating effect of the floor,and it can be rapidly installed in series,parallel or both methods. After heating 20 min,the surface average temperature can reach above 25 ℃(the test environment temperature is 5 ℃),the leakage current at working temperature was lower than 0.005 mA,and the cold insulation resistance and the thermal insulation resistance all reach 500 MΩ. It would not cause local blackening and scorching because of the heating,which proved that it can be used in wet environment safely. It was concluded that the internal heating engineered wood floor can be safely used as an intelligent building material.
The heating wood flooring can radiate the heat of the floor surface evenly to the room and achieve the indoor heating effect according to the air flowlawof "cold falling heating". The heating wood flooring has the advantages of easy room layout,fast heating rate and uniform temperature distribution,but it also has many drawbacks,such as complex process,high manufacturing cost,high energy consumption and poor safety. According to the floor heat conduction model designed by the Solidworks software simulation,the design scheme of internal heating engineered wood flooring structure and quick connector was put forward from the perspective of industrial production in this paper. The internal heating engineered wood flooring was made up of decorative board,sub surface board,upper substrate,heating components,thermal conductive components,substrate and insulation materials. According to the difference between heating components and thermal conductive components,the preparation process was further analyzed,and the physical and chemical properties,the electric-thermal effect and the safety performance were tested by the third-party organizations. The results are as follows: the static bending strength was X = 35.3 MPa(Xmin= 30.1 MPa),the elastic modulus was 4 555 MPa,immersion without stripping,good dimensional stability(thermal dimensional stability was0.19% in length and 0.30% in width direction,moisture resistance dimension stability was 0.12% in length and 0.17%in width direction,formaldehyde emission(40 L) was 0.2 mg/L. It can arbitrarily cut off without affecting the heating effect of the floor,and it can be rapidly installed in series,parallel or both methods. After heating 20 min,the surface average temperature can reach above 25 ℃(the test environment temperature is 5 ℃),the leakage current at working temperature was lower than 0.005 mA,and the cold insulation resistance and the thermal insulation resistance all reach 500 MΩ. It would not cause local blackening and scorching because of the heating,which proved that it can be used in wet environment safely. It was concluded that the internal heating engineered wood floor can be safely used as an intelligent building material.
引文
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[2]李佳峰,刘振东.中国地热地板发展趋势[J].中国建材科技,2016,25(2):88-90.
[3]SEONG Y B,LEE H H,SONG S Y,et al. Heating performance and occupants'comfort sensation of low temperature radiant floor heating system in apartment buildings of Korea[J]. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering,2015,14(3):733-740.
[4]潘彪,石江涛,朱一辛,等.以杉木纵横交错层积材为基材的地热地板研制[J].林业科技开发,2015,29(4):75-78.PAN B,SHI J T,ZHU Y X,et al. Development of electrical heated wood flooring using cross-laminated Chinese fir as core layer[J]. China Forestry Science and Technology,2015,29(4):75-78.
[5]杨保铈,贺绍均,王丰,等.杉木集成材薄板制备电热地板的热工性能[J].林业工程学报,2016,1(1):46-50.YANG B S,HE S J,WANG F,et al. Thermal performance of electrically heated flooring prepared by thin Chinese fir glulam[J].Journal of Forestry Engineering,2016,1(1):46-50.
[6]袁全平,梁善庆,傅峰.碳纤维电热功能复合纤维板的制备工艺[J].木材工业,2017,31(4):14-18.YUAN Q P,LIANG S Q,FU F. Electric heating composites made from carbon fiber paper and fiberboard[J]. China Wood Industry,2017,31(4):14-18.
[7]YUAN Q P,FU F. Application of carbon fiber paper in integrated wooden electric heating composite[J]. BioResources,2014,9(3):5662-5675.
[8]南京林业大学.一种自发热实木复合地板:中国,ZL201621450111.3[P]. 2016-12-27.
[9]南京林业大学.发热地板电路安全快速连接结构:中国,ZL201621450112.8[P]. 2016-12-27.
[10]中国林产工业协会. 2016我国地板行业及装饰纸行业销量统计[J].木材工业,2017,31(2):61.
[11]SEO J,JEON J,LEE J H,et al. Thermal performance analysis according to wood flooring structure for energy conservation in radiant floor heating systems[J]. Energy&Buildings,2011,43(8):2039-2042.
[12] ZHENG X,HAN Y,ZHANG H,et al. Numerical study on impact of non-heating surface temperature on the heat output of radiant floor heating system[J]. Energy&Buildings,2017,155:198-206.
[13]SHIN M S,RHEEK N,RYU S R,et al. Design of radiant floor heating panel in view of floor surface temperatures[J]. Building and Environment,2015,92:559-577.
[14]SEO J,PARK Y,KIM J,et al. Comparison of thermal transfer characteristics of wood flooring according to the installation method[J]. Energy&Buildings,2014,70(1):422-426.
[15]程献宝,朱德成,孙柏玲,等.多层实木复合地板产品的质量控制措施[J].木材工业,2015,29(3):51-54.CHENGX B,ZHU D C,SUNB L,et al. Products quality control for multi-ply parquets[J]. China Wood Industry,2015,29(3):51-54.
[16]孟黎鹏,王春明,刘一楠,等.三层实木复合地板的生产工艺及技术要点[J].中国人造板,2011(11):16-19.MENG L P,WANG C M,LIU Y N,et al. Production technology and key points for three-layer parquet[J]. China Wood-Based Panels,2011(11):16-19.