农林废弃生物质吸附材料在水污染治理中的应用
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摘要
环境污染问题已经成为人类社会可持续发展的巨大挑战之一,化工、冶炼及核燃料循环过程等排放的废水中含大量重金属离子、有机物及放射性核素等,若未经处理即排放会给环境带来了极大的危害。吸附法的效率高、操作简单、低成本且无副产物、可循环利用及无二次污染等优点使其成为废水处理的重要方法之一。由于农林废弃生物质成本低、来源丰富、绿色环保且可再生,以其为原料制备的吸附材料被广泛研究。本文主要针对以农林废弃生物质为原料制备的生物炭、纤维素及木质素为研究对象,综述了生物炭的制备及改性方法、天然纤维素及木质素的改性方法及其在水污染治理中的应用现状。从原材料、制备工艺、改性方法等方面总结分析了吸附材料的性能对水中污染物吸附的影响,提出了生物质基吸附材料在水污染治理应用中所存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向。
Environmental pollution has become one of the great challenges to the sustainable development of human society. Wastew ater discharged from chemical,smelting and nuclear fuel cycle processes contain a lot of heavy metal ions,organic matter,and radionuclides. If discharged w ithout treatment,it w ill bring great harm to the environment. The adsorption method for w astew ater treatment has many advantages such as high efficiency,simple operation,no by-products,recyclability,and no secondary pollution,thus making it one of the significant methods for w astew ater treatment. Due to the low cost,abundance in raw materials,and renew ability of agroforestry w aste biomass,the adsorption materials prepared on the basis of it are w idely studied. In this paper,the research focuses on biochar,cellulose,and lignin,w hich are prepared from agroforestry w aste biomass as raw materials,the preparation and modification methods of biochar,modification methods of natural cellulose,methods of modifying lignin, and their application in w astew ater treatment are review ed. The effects of adsorption properties on the adsorption of pollutants in w ater are discussed from the aspects of raw materials,preparation process, and modification methods. The problems of pollutant adsorption by biomass-based adsorption materials are pointed out and an outlook on their future research direction is made.
Environmental pollution has become one of the great challenges to the sustainable development of human society. Wastew ater discharged from chemical,smelting and nuclear fuel cycle processes contain a lot of heavy metal ions,organic matter,and radionuclides. If discharged w ithout treatment,it w ill bring great harm to the environment. The adsorption method for w astew ater treatment has many advantages such as high efficiency,simple operation,no by-products,recyclability,and no secondary pollution,thus making it one of the significant methods for w astew ater treatment. Due to the low cost,abundance in raw materials,and renew ability of agroforestry w aste biomass,the adsorption materials prepared on the basis of it are w idely studied. In this paper,the research focuses on biochar,cellulose,and lignin,w hich are prepared from agroforestry w aste biomass as raw materials,the preparation and modification methods of biochar,modification methods of natural cellulose,methods of modifying lignin, and their application in w astew ater treatment are review ed. The effects of adsorption properties on the adsorption of pollutants in w ater are discussed from the aspects of raw materials,preparation process, and modification methods. The problems of pollutant adsorption by biomass-based adsorption materials are pointed out and an outlook on their future research direction is made.
引文
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