不同施氮量对麦茬夏花生氮素吸收分配及产量的影响
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摘要
大田栽培条件下,研究不同氮肥施用量对麦茬夏花生植株生长、氮素吸收、土壤养分及产量构成的影响。结果表明:不同施氮量对土壤硝态氮含量的影响主要以表层(0~20cm)较为显著,且硝态氮存在向下层土壤迁移的趋势;各处理不同土层间土壤铵态氮含量均无显著差异。0~225kg/hm~2范围内,随着施氮量的增加,夏花生产量逐渐提高。氮肥施用量在225kg/hm~2条件下,花生产量最高,为6603.26kg/hm~2,比不施用氮肥增产19.96%;达到300kg/hm~2氮肥施用量时,会促进花生茎叶部的氮素积累,但同时会抑制花生根部和荚果的氮素积累,产量反而会降低。总体而言,随着施氮量的增加,氮肥利用率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,氮肥偏生产力则呈显著下降趋势,本试验条件下N最佳施用量为244.70kg/hm~2。
Under field cultivation conditions,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the plant growth,nitrogen uptake and yield components on summer peanut after wheat harvest were studied.The results showed that the effect of different nitrogen application on the content of nitrate in soil was mainly in surface soil(0~20 cm),and nitrate nitrogen had the tendency of downward soil migration,and there were no significant differences in ammonium nitrogen content between different soil layers.The summer peanut yield gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate range of 0~225 kg/ha.Under the condition of nitrogen application rate of 225 kg/ha,the highest peanut yield was 6603.26 kg/ha,which was 19.96% higher than that without nitrogen fertilizer application.When nitrogen application rate reached 300 kg/ha,it would promote nitrogen accumulation in peanut stems and leaves,but inhibiting the accumulation of nitrogen in peanut pods and roots,which will reduce the yield.In general,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate first increased and then decreased while the partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity showed a significant downward trend.The fitting curve of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and peanut yield showed that the optimum nitrogen application rate was 244.70 kg/ha under the experimental conditions.
Under field cultivation conditions,the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the plant growth,nitrogen uptake and yield components on summer peanut after wheat harvest were studied.The results showed that the effect of different nitrogen application on the content of nitrate in soil was mainly in surface soil(0~20 cm),and nitrate nitrogen had the tendency of downward soil migration,and there were no significant differences in ammonium nitrogen content between different soil layers.The summer peanut yield gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate range of 0~225 kg/ha.Under the condition of nitrogen application rate of 225 kg/ha,the highest peanut yield was 6603.26 kg/ha,which was 19.96% higher than that without nitrogen fertilizer application.When nitrogen application rate reached 300 kg/ha,it would promote nitrogen accumulation in peanut stems and leaves,but inhibiting the accumulation of nitrogen in peanut pods and roots,which will reduce the yield.In general,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate first increased and then decreased while the partial nitrogen fertilizer productivity showed a significant downward trend.The fitting curve of the relationship between the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and peanut yield showed that the optimum nitrogen application rate was 244.70 kg/ha under the experimental conditions.
引文
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[2]金建猛,范君龙,刘向阳,等.豫东地区夏播花生品种筛选试验[J].农业科技通讯,2013(5):80-82.
[3]杨富军,赵长星,闫萌萌,等.栽培方式对夏直播花生叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):747-752.
[4]Hauggaard-Nielsen H,Ambus P,Jensen E S.Interspecific competition,N use and interference with weeds in pea-barley intercropping[J].Field Crops Research,2001,70(2):101-109.
[5]黄长志,周秋峰,刘软枝.夏花生开花结实性及提高饱果率的研究[J].作物杂志,2006(3):35-36.
[6]张俊,汤丰收,刘娟,等.不同种植方式夏花生开花物候与结果习性[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):979-986.
[7]高建玲,王成超,吕敬军,等.黄淮区域夏花生新品种筛选试验[J].山东农业科学,2012,30(4):28-30.
[8]孙彦浩,陶寿祥,陈殿绪,等.夏花生矮化密植增产效果的研究[J].花生科技,1999(2):5-8.
[9]张翔,毛家伟,郭中义,等.麦茬处理方式对夏花生播种质量与前期生长及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2013,42(4):33-36.
[10]Ardell D H,Schweissing F C.Corn response to nitrogen fertilization in a soil with high residual nitrogen[J].Agronomy Journal.2005,4(97):1222-1229.
[11]高忠霞,杨学云,周建武.小麦—玉米轮作期间不同施肥处理氮素的淋溶形态及数量[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,8(29):1624-1632.
[12]孙彦浩,陈殿绪,张礼凤.花生施氮肥效果与根瘤菌固N的关系[J]中国油料作物学报,1998(3):70-73.
[13]杨子文,沈禹颖,谢田玲.外源供氮水平对大豆生物固氮效率的影响[J].西北植物学报,2009(29):265-273.
[14]王树起,韩晓增,乔云发.施氮对大豆根瘤生长和结瘤固氮的影响[J].华北农学报.2009,2(24):176-179.
[15]Menza N C L,Monzon J P,Specht J E,et al.Is soybean yield limited by nitrogen supply[J].Field Crops Research,2017,213:204-212.
[16]Eaglesham A R J,Szalay A A.Aerial stem nodules on Aeschynomene spp[J].Plant Science Letters.1983,29(2):265-272.