产水凝析气藏循环注气受效评价标准讨论——以大涝坝凝析气藏为例
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摘要
塔里木盆地大涝坝凝析气藏开发中后期采取循环注气,由于反凝析和水侵作用,注气机理、注气作用已不同于常规凝析气藏循环注气。为此,首先分析了注入气在地下的流动过程、与地下流体的接触作用,总结出注气过程中主要发生注气驱油、反蒸发、气窜和抑制水侵等作用。进而以注气机理为基础,结合注气前后生产井地面参数、流体监测数据、PVT数据和曲线形态特征,综合评价了生产井受效情况,并给出了各参数变化特征和变化范围。最后据典型参数变化特征,建立了3大类4种受效特征共计15项评价参数,实现了凝析气藏注气受效半定量—定量评价。大涝坝凝析气藏运用该评价标准,确定注气过程中以气驱油作用为主,产水井抑制水侵效果好,距离注气井近的生产井气驱油过程伴有反蒸发作用,生产井未发生气窜。结论认为:该评价标准为进一步优化注气方案提供了依据,并且所描述的注气机理和所建立的受效标准对采取循环注气开发的凝析气藏有一定的参考作用。
Cyclic gas injection is adopted in the middle and late development periods of the Dalaoba condensate gas reservoir, Tarim Basin. Due to the dual effects of retrograde condensation and water invasion, its gas injection mechanism and effect are different from those of conventional condensate gas reservoirs. In this paper, analysis of the flowing process of injected gas in the reservoirs and the contact of injected gas with reservoir fluids indicates that oil displaced by injected gas, retrograde vaporization, gas channeling and water invasion inhibition are the dominant phenomena in the process of gas injection. Then, based on gas injection mechanism, together with the ground parameters of a gas producer before and after gas injection, fluid monitoring data, PVT data and curve characteristics, the effects on the gas producer were evaluated comprehensively, and the variation characteristics and range of all parameters were also analyzed. Finally, 15 evaluation parameters for four types of effect characteristics in three categories were established depending on the variations of typical parameters, and the gas injection effect of condensate gas reservoirs could be evaluated semi-quantitatively or quantitatively. The Dalaoba condensate gas reservoir was evaluated according to the above criteria. It is proved that gas displacing oil is dominant in the process of gas injection; that water invasion is well inhibited in the gas producers with water, retrograde vaporization occurs while oil is being displaced by the gas in the gas producers close to the gas injectors; and that no gas channeling emerges in the gas producers. To sum up, this study provides an important basis for the further optimization of gas injection scheme, and the gas injection mechanism and the effect evaluation criteria are, to some extent, significant to the development of condensate gas reservoirs by means of cyclic gas injection.
Cyclic gas injection is adopted in the middle and late development periods of the Dalaoba condensate gas reservoir, Tarim Basin. Due to the dual effects of retrograde condensation and water invasion, its gas injection mechanism and effect are different from those of conventional condensate gas reservoirs. In this paper, analysis of the flowing process of injected gas in the reservoirs and the contact of injected gas with reservoir fluids indicates that oil displaced by injected gas, retrograde vaporization, gas channeling and water invasion inhibition are the dominant phenomena in the process of gas injection. Then, based on gas injection mechanism, together with the ground parameters of a gas producer before and after gas injection, fluid monitoring data, PVT data and curve characteristics, the effects on the gas producer were evaluated comprehensively, and the variation characteristics and range of all parameters were also analyzed. Finally, 15 evaluation parameters for four types of effect characteristics in three categories were established depending on the variations of typical parameters, and the gas injection effect of condensate gas reservoirs could be evaluated semi-quantitatively or quantitatively. The Dalaoba condensate gas reservoir was evaluated according to the above criteria. It is proved that gas displacing oil is dominant in the process of gas injection; that water invasion is well inhibited in the gas producers with water, retrograde vaporization occurs while oil is being displaced by the gas in the gas producers close to the gas injectors; and that no gas channeling emerges in the gas producers. To sum up, this study provides an important basis for the further optimization of gas injection scheme, and the gas injection mechanism and the effect evaluation criteria are, to some extent, significant to the development of condensate gas reservoirs by means of cyclic gas injection.
引文
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[11]孙龙德,宋文杰,江同文.塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田循环注气开发研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(2):177-182.Sun Longde,Song Wenjie,Jiang Tongwen.The development study on gas recycling injection in Yaha Gas Condensate Field,Tarim Basin,China[J].Science in China:Series D-Earth Sciences,2003,33(2):177-182.
[12]胥洪成,梁芹.丘东气田循环注气机理研究[J].吐哈油气,2002,7(1):32-35.Xu Hongcheng,Liang Qin.Study of recirculated gas injection mechanism in Qiudong gas field[J].Tuha Oil&Gas,2002,7(1):32-35.
[13]李骞,李相方,李艳静,彭翼,崔力功.凝析气藏不同开发阶段的合理生产压差探讨[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):121-126.Li Qian,Li Xiangfang,Li Yanjing,Peng Yi,Cui Ligong.Research of reasonable producing pressure drop of gas condensate reservoir on different period[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(1):121-126.
[14]焦玉卫,谢伟,邸宝智,梁涛,刘立炜.凝析气藏循环注气过程流体相态特征[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(6):704-707.Jiao Yuwei,Xie Wei,Di Baozhi,Liang Tao,Liu Liwei.Gas condensate phase behavior in process of cyclic gas injection[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(6):704-707.
[15]李士伦,潘毅,孙雷.提高凝析气藏采收率的新思路[J].天然气工业,2008,28(9):1-5.Li Shilun,Pan Yi,Sun Lei.A new idea on enhancing the recovery rate of condensate gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(9):1-5.
[16]朱忠谦.牙哈凝析气藏二次注气抑制反凝析机理及相态特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):60-65.Zhu Zhongqian.Mechanism and phase behavior of retrograde condensation inhibition by secondary gas injection in the Yaha condensate gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):60-65.
[17]李实,郑希潭,陈钢,罗凯,刘宁.凝析油地下反蒸发的实验研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(6):45-49.Li Shi,Zheng Xitan,Chen Gang,Luo Kai,Liu Ning.Experimental investigation of retrograde vaporization of oil condensate at subsurface conditions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(6):45-49.
[2]李骞,钟兵,杨洪志,刘义成,杨学锋.凝析气藏合理注气时机研究[J].天然气工业,2015,35(10):78-83.Li Qian,Zhong Bing,Yang Hongzhi,Liu Yicheng,Yang Xuefeng.Proper gas injection time for the development of gas condensate reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(10):78-83.
[3]颜雪.柯克亚X41凝析气藏注气提高采收率室内评价研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2015.Yan Xue.Laboratory evaluation of gas injection enhanced oil recovery of Kekeya X41 condensate gas reservoir[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2015.
[4]郭平,景莎莎,彭彩珍.气藏提高采收率技术及其对策[J].天然气工业,2014,34(2):48-55.Guo Ping,Jing Shasha,Peng Caizhen.Technology and countermeasures for gas recovery enhancement[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(2):48-55.
[5]李明秋.多孔介质中凝析气衰竭及注气过程凝析油饱和度研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2006.Li Mingqiu.Study on condensate saturation of condensate gas depletion and gas injection process in porous media[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2006.
[6]朱海明,绳永飞,樊昌,胡吉,余江.注气提高凝析气藏采收率方法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2013(18):137-139.Zhu Haiming,Sheng Yongfei,Fan Chang,Hu Ji,Yu Jiang.Gas in-jection on Enhangcing the recovery rate of congdensate gas reservious[J].Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2013(18):137-139.
[7]卢斐.大涝坝凝析气藏注气提高采收率相态及渗流机理研究[D].成都:西南石油大学,2014.Lu Fei.Gas injection EOR research phase and percolation mechanism in Dalaoba condensate gas reservoir[D].Chengdu:Southwest Petroleum University,2014.
[8]马世煜,周嘉玺,赵平起.大张坨凝析气藏循环注气开发[J].石油学报,1998,19(1):47-52.Ma Shiyu,Zhou Jiaxi,Zhao Pingqi.Gas cycling development of Dazhangtuo gas condensate reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1998,19(1):47-52.
[9]崔立宏,付超,刘韬,孙亚兰,谢惠霞,李辉,等.大张坨凝析气藏循环注气开发方案研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):43-45.Cu Lihong,Fu Chao,Liu Tao,Sun Yalan,Xie Huixia,Li Hui,et al.Cyclic gas injection development plan for Dazhangtuo condensate gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1999,26(5):43-45.
[10]程远忠.板桥凝析油气藏开发技术研究[D].成都:成都理工学院,2001.Cheng Yuanzhong.Banqiao condensate oil and gas reservoir development technology research[D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2001.
[11]孙龙德,宋文杰,江同文.塔里木盆地牙哈凝析气田循环注气开发研究[J].中国科学:D辑,2003,33(2):177-182.Sun Longde,Song Wenjie,Jiang Tongwen.The development study on gas recycling injection in Yaha Gas Condensate Field,Tarim Basin,China[J].Science in China:Series D-Earth Sciences,2003,33(2):177-182.
[12]胥洪成,梁芹.丘东气田循环注气机理研究[J].吐哈油气,2002,7(1):32-35.Xu Hongcheng,Liang Qin.Study of recirculated gas injection mechanism in Qiudong gas field[J].Tuha Oil&Gas,2002,7(1):32-35.
[13]李骞,李相方,李艳静,彭翼,崔力功.凝析气藏不同开发阶段的合理生产压差探讨[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):121-126.Li Qian,Li Xiangfang,Li Yanjing,Peng Yi,Cui Ligong.Research of reasonable producing pressure drop of gas condensate reservoir on different period[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(1):121-126.
[14]焦玉卫,谢伟,邸宝智,梁涛,刘立炜.凝析气藏循环注气过程流体相态特征[J].新疆石油地质,2012,33(6):704-707.Jiao Yuwei,Xie Wei,Di Baozhi,Liang Tao,Liu Liwei.Gas condensate phase behavior in process of cyclic gas injection[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2012,33(6):704-707.
[15]李士伦,潘毅,孙雷.提高凝析气藏采收率的新思路[J].天然气工业,2008,28(9):1-5.Li Shilun,Pan Yi,Sun Lei.A new idea on enhancing the recovery rate of condensate gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(9):1-5.
[16]朱忠谦.牙哈凝析气藏二次注气抑制反凝析机理及相态特征[J].天然气工业,2015,35(5):60-65.Zhu Zhongqian.Mechanism and phase behavior of retrograde condensation inhibition by secondary gas injection in the Yaha condensate gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(5):60-65.
[17]李实,郑希潭,陈钢,罗凯,刘宁.凝析油地下反蒸发的实验研究[J].石油学报,2001,22(6):45-49.Li Shi,Zheng Xitan,Chen Gang,Luo Kai,Liu Ning.Experimental investigation of retrograde vaporization of oil condensate at subsurface conditions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2001,22(6):45-49.