应用鱼类生物完整性指数评价荔浦河河流健康
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摘要
生物完整性指数是河流生态系统健康评价主要方法之一。为评价荔浦河河流健康状况,选择鱼类作为指示生物,构建了基于鱼类生物完整性指标体系。2017年1月、4月、7月和10月对荔浦河4次采样共采集到鱼类21 192尾,经鉴定共计94种,隶属于6目17科62属。以S1(修仁镇)、S10(马岭镇)、S11(双江镇)作为参考点,经过分布范围分析、箱体图判别能力分析及相关性分析等指标筛选过程从25个候选指标筛选出5个指标,即鱼类总物种数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、肉食性鱼类数量百分比、敏感性鱼类数量百分比、产漂浮型卵鱼类数量百分比。将荔浦河河流健康等级分为"健康"、"一般"、"较差"、"极差"和"无鱼"5个等级。结果表明,荔浦河青山镇、荔浦县及蒲芦乡河段健康状态为"一般"水平,东昌镇、龙怀乡、杜莫镇及新坪镇河段健康状态为"较差"水平,茶城乡河段健康状态为"极差"水平。筑坝工程、架桥工程和修路工程等人类活动导致荔浦河支流上的健康状况比干流更差。上述研究结果可为荔浦河的河流管理和保护提供理论依据和技术支持。
The index of biotic integrity is one of the main methods for river health assessment. In order to assess the health of Lipu River,the index of biotic integrity based on fish was established. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in Lipu River at January,April,July and October 2017. In total,21 192 fishes were collected,which were identified to 94 species,belonging to 6 orders,17 families and 62 genera. Three study sites were selected as reference sites,which were S1( Xiuren Town),S10( Maling Town),and S11( Shuangjiang Town). Five metrics,which were species richness,Shannon-Wiener's diversity index,percentage of carnivorous fish,percentage of sensitive fish and percentage of floating egg fish,were selected from 25 candidate metrics by stepwise selection methods based on distributing range analysis,discriminatory power analysis and Pearson 's correlation analysis. The health status for Lipu River was categorized into 5 categories,including "Healthy","Fair","Poor","Very Poor"and "No fish". The results indicated that the river health in Qingshan Town,Lipu County and Pulu Town belonged to "fair",while it was"poor"in Dongchang Town,Longhuai Town,Dumo Town and Xinping Town,and it was"very poor"in Chacheng Town. Anthropic activities including dam construction,bridge engineering and road construction resulted in worse health status in the tributaries than those in the main stream of Lipu River. The results presented in this study will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the management and protection of Lipu River.
The index of biotic integrity is one of the main methods for river health assessment. In order to assess the health of Lipu River,the index of biotic integrity based on fish was established. Four sampling campaigns were carried out in Lipu River at January,April,July and October 2017. In total,21 192 fishes were collected,which were identified to 94 species,belonging to 6 orders,17 families and 62 genera. Three study sites were selected as reference sites,which were S1( Xiuren Town),S10( Maling Town),and S11( Shuangjiang Town). Five metrics,which were species richness,Shannon-Wiener's diversity index,percentage of carnivorous fish,percentage of sensitive fish and percentage of floating egg fish,were selected from 25 candidate metrics by stepwise selection methods based on distributing range analysis,discriminatory power analysis and Pearson 's correlation analysis. The health status for Lipu River was categorized into 5 categories,including "Healthy","Fair","Poor","Very Poor"and "No fish". The results indicated that the river health in Qingshan Town,Lipu County and Pulu Town belonged to "fair",while it was"poor"in Dongchang Town,Longhuai Town,Dumo Town and Xinping Town,and it was"very poor"in Chacheng Town. Anthropic activities including dam construction,bridge engineering and road construction resulted in worse health status in the tributaries than those in the main stream of Lipu River. The results presented in this study will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the management and protection of Lipu River.
引文
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[16]刘春池,牛建功,蔡林钢,等.伊犁河流域鱼类生物完整性指数构建初探[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(4):15-22Liu C C,Niu J G,Cai L G,et al.Preliminary study on fish index of biotic integrity(F-IBI)assessment for Ili River,Xinjiang[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2017,47(4):15-22(in Chinese)
[17]刘猛,渠晓东,彭文启,等.浑太河流域鱼类生物完整性指数构建与应用[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(3):343-352Liu M,Qu X D,Peng W Q,et al.Development and application of a fish-based index of biological integrity for the Hun-Tai River Basin[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2016,29(3):343-352(in Chinese)
[18]周天舒,张亚,唐文乔,等.基于鱼类完整性指数的黄浦江水生态系统评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(6):895-903Zhou T S,Zhang Y,Tang W Q,et al.Ecological health assessment of Huangpu River based on fish index of biotic integrity[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(6):895-903(in Chinese)
[19]武晶.应用鱼类完整性指数(F-IBI)评价小清河健康状况[D].济南:山东大学,2015Wu J.The ecological health assessment of Xiaoqing River based on biotic integrity of fish[D].Jinan:Shandong University,2015(in Chinese)
[20]林鹏程,刘飞,高欣,等.鱼类生物完整性评价体系的构建及其在赤水河的应用[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(6):81-86(in Chinese)Lin P C,Liu F,Gao X,et al.Development of a fish index of biotic integrity(F-IBI)and its application to the Chishui River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2014,44(4):81-86(in Chinese)
[21]郜星晨,章群,韩博平,等.基于鱼类生物完整性指数的广东鉴江流域环境质量评估[J].湖泊科学,2015,27(4):679-685Gao X C,Zhang Q,Han B P,et al.Environmental quality assessment of Jian River Basin(Guangdong)based on fish biotic integrity index[J].Journal of Lake Science,2015,27(4):679-685(in Chinese)
[22]林木隆,李向阳,杨明海.珠江流域河流健康评价指标体系初探[J].人民珠江,2006,27(4):1-3Lin M L,Li X Y,Yang M H.Probe into the index system for evaluating the health of the rivers in the Pearl River Basin[J].Pearl River,2006,27(4):1-3(in Chinese)
[23]娄方瑞,程光平,陈柏娟,等.基于鱼类生物完整性指数评价红水河梯级水库的生态系统健康状况[J].淡水渔业,2015,45(4):36-40Lou F R,Cheng G P,Chen B J,et al.The ecosystem health assessment Hongshui River cascade reservoirs,China,based on fish-index of biotic integrity[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2015,45(4):36-40(in Chinese)
[24]刘毅.东江干流鱼类群落变化特征及生物完整性评价[D].广州:暨南大学,2011Liu Y.Variation of fish community and biological integrity evaluation in the main reach of Dongjiang River[D].Guangzhou:Jinan University,2011(in Chinese)
[25]刘恺,周伟,李凤莲,等.广西河池地区河流基于鱼类的生物完整性指数筛选及其环境质量评估[J].动物学研究,2010,31(5):531-538Liu K,Zhou W,Li F L,et al.A fish-based biotic integrity index selection for rivers in Hechi Prefecture,Guangxi and their environmental quality assessment[J].Zoological Research,2010,31(5):531-538(in Chinese)
[26]朱召军,吴志强,黄亮亮,等.漓江上游基于鱼类生物完整性指数的河流健康评价体系构建与应用[J].桂林理工大学学报,2016,36(3):533-538Zhu Z J,Wu Z Q,Huang L L,et al.Development and application of IBI based on fish to assess river health in the upper reaches of Lijiang River[J].Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2016,36(3):533-538(in Chinese)
[27]丁洋,吴志强,黄亮亮,等.漓江中下游基于鱼类生物完整性指数的河流健康评价体系[J].四川动物,2016,35(2):288-293Ding Y,Wu Z Q,Huang L L,et al.Application of index of biological integrity based on fish to assess the river's health in the middle and lower reaches of Lijiang River[J].Sichuan Journal of Zoology,2016,35(2):288-293(in Chinese)
[28]朱瑜,蔡德所,周解,等.应用鱼类完整性指数评价漓江水生态环境健康状况[J].广西师范大学学报:自然科学版,2012,30(4):130-135Zhu Y,Cai D S,Zhou J,et al.Assessment of ecosystem health of Lijiang River using fish-index of biotic integrity[J].Journal of Guangxi Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2012,30(4):130-135(in Chinese)
[29]郑慈英.珠江鱼类志[M].北京:科学出版社,1989
[30]陈宜瑜.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社,1998
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