煤矿井下电磁无线随钻测量信号滤波研究
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摘要
针对采用自适应滤波最小均方算法和递推最小二乘算法提取煤矿井下电磁无线随钻测量(EMMWD)信号存在收敛速度慢与运算时间长等问题,提出了一种稳定快速横向递归最小二乘(SFT-RLS)算法,用于自适应滤除井下非稳态电气干扰与工频及其2倍频、3倍频干扰,实时提取微弱EM-MWD信号。该算法基于RLS算法,利用4个并行滤波器结构可降低运算时间,并利用加权最小二乘误差进行反馈以提高稳定性。仿真试验结果表明,SFT-RLS算法可实现对采样率为1kHz的EM-MWD信号进行自适应滤波和自适应陷波,平均每次迭代运行时间小于156.98μs,实现了快速稳定收敛运算与实时自适应滤波;SFTRLS算法自适应滤波可抑制信号与干扰比为-115dB的非稳态电气干扰;SFT-RLS算法自适应陷波可实时滤除工频及其2倍频、3倍频干扰,有效提取频率为6.25Hz的时间脉冲位置调制的EM-MWD信号波形,为正确解码EM-MWD信号提供了可靠数据。
In view of problems of slow convergence speed and long computation time existed in electromagnetic wireless measurement while drilling(EM-MWD)signals extracted by adaptive filtering least mean square algorithm and recursive least squares algorithm,a stabilized fast transversal filters for recursive least squares(SFT-RLS)algorithm was proposed,which was used for adaptive filtering unsteady electrical interference and power frequency,as well as double frequency and triple frequency interference,and extracting weak EM-MWD signals in real time.Based on the RLS algorithm,the algorithm uses four parallel filter structures to reduce the operation time,and uses the weighted least squares error for feedback to improve the stability.The simulation results show that the SFT-RLS algorithm can achieve adaptive filtering and adaptive notch of the EM-MWD signals with a sampling rate of 1 kHz,the average running time of each iteration is less than 156.98μs,so as to realize fast and stable convergence operation and real-time adaptive filtering of EM-MWD signals;the adaptive filtering of the SFT-RLS algorithm cansuppress unsteady electrical interference with a signal to interference ratio of-115 dB;the adaptive notch of the SFT-RLS algorithm can filter power frequency and its interference of double frequency and triple frequency in real time,and effectively extract the EM-MWD time position pulse modulation signal with6.25 Hz,and provide reliable data for correct decoding of EM-MWD signals.
In view of problems of slow convergence speed and long computation time existed in electromagnetic wireless measurement while drilling(EM-MWD)signals extracted by adaptive filtering least mean square algorithm and recursive least squares algorithm,a stabilized fast transversal filters for recursive least squares(SFT-RLS)algorithm was proposed,which was used for adaptive filtering unsteady electrical interference and power frequency,as well as double frequency and triple frequency interference,and extracting weak EM-MWD signals in real time.Based on the RLS algorithm,the algorithm uses four parallel filter structures to reduce the operation time,and uses the weighted least squares error for feedback to improve the stability.The simulation results show that the SFT-RLS algorithm can achieve adaptive filtering and adaptive notch of the EM-MWD signals with a sampling rate of 1 kHz,the average running time of each iteration is less than 156.98μs,so as to realize fast and stable convergence operation and real-time adaptive filtering of EM-MWD signals;the adaptive filtering of the SFT-RLS algorithm cansuppress unsteady electrical interference with a signal to interference ratio of-115 dB;the adaptive notch of the SFT-RLS algorithm can filter power frequency and its interference of double frequency and triple frequency in real time,and effectively extract the EM-MWD time position pulse modulation signal with6.25 Hz,and provide reliable data for correct decoding of EM-MWD signals.
引文
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[9]石鑫,李春龙,李昊.基于RLS算法的自适应噪声抵消系统研究[J].电子测量与技术,2010,33(3):44-46.SHI Xin,LI Chunlong,LI Hao.Adaptive noise canceling system based on RLS algorithm[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2010,33(3):44-46.
[10]高丙坤,倪杨.基于RLS自适应滤波算法的MIMOOFDM信道估计[J].自动化技术与应用,2013,32(4):36-39.GAO Bingkun,NI Yang.MINO-OFDM channel estimation based on RLS adaptive filtering algorithm[J].Techniques of Automation&Applications,2013,32(4):36-39.
[11]杨威,刘宏清,黎勇.冲击噪声下的LMS和RLS联合滤波算法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2017,44(2):165-170.YANG Wei,LIU Hongqing,LI Yong.Joint estimation algorithm based on LMS and RLS in the presence of impulsive noise[J].Journal of Xidian University,2017,44(2):165-170.
[12]郭天一,廉保旺,邹晓军.一种具有快速跟踪能力的改进RLS算法研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(8):345-348.GUO Tianyi,LIAN Baowang,ZOU Xiaojun.A modified RLS algorithm with fast tracking capability[J].Computer Simulation,2009,26(8):345-348.
[13] DINIZ P S.Adaptive filtering:algorithms and practical implementation[M].Third Edition.New York:Springer,2008:333-345.
[14]赵汗青.肌电信号工频谐波的同态自适应滤波方法[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2017,27(2):154-158.ZHAO Hanqing.Homomorphic adaptive filtering method for power harmonic of EMG signals[J].Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science&Technology,2017,27(2):154-158.
[15]秦勤,郑刚,孟妍.去除心电信号工频干扰的多阶自适应滤波器阶数确定策略研究[J].天津理工大学学报,2014,30(6):39-44.QIN Qin,ZHENG Gang,MENG Yan.Order selection strategy in multiple adaptive filter for power line interference elimination in ECG signals[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2014,30(6):39-44.
[16]谷晓彬,冯国英,刘建.自适应滤波算法在微弱振动测量中的应用[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(4):154-160.GU Xiaobin,FENG Guoying,LIU Jian.Application of adaptive filtering algorithm in the weak vibration measurement[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(4):154-160..
[2]杜俊杰,范业活,韩永国.国内EM-MWD技术发展现状及在煤层气中的应用展望[J].中国煤层气,2014,11(4):6-10.DU Junjie,FAN Yehuo,HAN Yongguo.Development situation and application prospect of domestic EMMWD in CBM directional well operations[J].China Coalbed Methane,2014,11(4):6-10.
[3]刘伟,黄崇君,连太炜.电磁波随钻测量仪器测量效果影响因子分析[J].钻采工艺,2017,40(5):11-14.LIU Wei, HUANG Chongjun,LIAN Taiwei.Numerical analysis of factors affecting EM-MWD electromagnetic signal attenuation[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2017,40(5):11-14.
[4]范业活,李威,聂在平,等.基于NMM随钻电磁波传输信道特性分析[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(3):1125-1130.FAN Yehuo,LI Wei,NIE Zaiping,et al.Analysis of EM-MWD channel based on NMM[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(3):1125-1130.
[5]王洪亮,董浩斌,蒋国盛.基于相关自适应器的EMMWD信号检测系统设计[J].仪器仪表学报,2012,33(5):1013-1018.WANG Hongliang,DONG Haobin,JIANG Guosheng.Design of EM-MWD signal detection system based on correlation and adaptive filter[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2012,33(5):1013-1018.
[6]李姣军,李刚,李恒.LMS和RLS自适应滤波算法对比研究[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2011,13(2):132-134.LI Jiaojun,LI Gang,LI Heng.Comparative study between LMS and RLS adaptive filter algorithm[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2011,13(2):132-134.
[7] DHIMAN J,AHMAD S,GULIA K.Comparison between adaptive filter algorithms[J].International Journal of Science,Engineering and Technology Research,2013,2(5):1100-1103.
[8]刘建勋,王锋,赵河明,等.基于LMS原理的引信回波信号滤波算法及应用[J/OL].弹箭与制导学报:1-4[2018-03-28].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1234.TJ.20180323.1605.008.html.LIU Jianxun,WANG Feng,ZHAO Heming.Filtering algorithm and application of fuse echo signal based on LMS principle[J/OL].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance:1-4[2018-03-28].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/61.1234.TJ.20180323.1605.008.html.
[9]石鑫,李春龙,李昊.基于RLS算法的自适应噪声抵消系统研究[J].电子测量与技术,2010,33(3):44-46.SHI Xin,LI Chunlong,LI Hao.Adaptive noise canceling system based on RLS algorithm[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2010,33(3):44-46.
[10]高丙坤,倪杨.基于RLS自适应滤波算法的MIMOOFDM信道估计[J].自动化技术与应用,2013,32(4):36-39.GAO Bingkun,NI Yang.MINO-OFDM channel estimation based on RLS adaptive filtering algorithm[J].Techniques of Automation&Applications,2013,32(4):36-39.
[11]杨威,刘宏清,黎勇.冲击噪声下的LMS和RLS联合滤波算法[J].西安电子科技大学学报,2017,44(2):165-170.YANG Wei,LIU Hongqing,LI Yong.Joint estimation algorithm based on LMS and RLS in the presence of impulsive noise[J].Journal of Xidian University,2017,44(2):165-170.
[12]郭天一,廉保旺,邹晓军.一种具有快速跟踪能力的改进RLS算法研究[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(8):345-348.GUO Tianyi,LIAN Baowang,ZOU Xiaojun.A modified RLS algorithm with fast tracking capability[J].Computer Simulation,2009,26(8):345-348.
[13] DINIZ P S.Adaptive filtering:algorithms and practical implementation[M].Third Edition.New York:Springer,2008:333-345.
[14]赵汗青.肌电信号工频谐波的同态自适应滤波方法[J].黑龙江科技大学学报,2017,27(2):154-158.ZHAO Hanqing.Homomorphic adaptive filtering method for power harmonic of EMG signals[J].Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science&Technology,2017,27(2):154-158.
[15]秦勤,郑刚,孟妍.去除心电信号工频干扰的多阶自适应滤波器阶数确定策略研究[J].天津理工大学学报,2014,30(6):39-44.QIN Qin,ZHENG Gang,MENG Yan.Order selection strategy in multiple adaptive filter for power line interference elimination in ECG signals[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2014,30(6):39-44.
[16]谷晓彬,冯国英,刘建.自适应滤波算法在微弱振动测量中的应用[J].红外与激光工程,2016,45(4):154-160.GU Xiaobin,FENG Guoying,LIU Jian.Application of adaptive filtering algorithm in the weak vibration measurement[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2016,45(4):154-160..