植物病害对中国豆科牧草及家畜生产的影响
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摘要
豆科植物是重要的饲用及绿肥作物,植物病害是豆科牧草生产的重要限制因素。本研究基于CNKI和Web of Science数据库,将近年来中国学者对豆科牧草病害的研究进行了分析,豆科牧草病害田间发病率可达1.1%～100.0%,牧草降低产量3.0%～70.0%;粗蛋白和粗脂肪分别下降18.3%～37.5%和19.9%～38.2%,氨基酸含量降低17.4%～50.0%,粗纤维增加13.0%～44.3%;病害亦可影响牧草生理生化,如显著降低抗坏血酸、赤霉素(GA)、水杨酸(SA)、脱落酸(ABA)等含量,增加丙二醛(MDA)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等酶活性30.0%以上;一些病害可产生毒素或雌性激素类物质,引致家畜中毒,降低家畜生产性能。同时对该领域的研究进行了展望,对今后研究提出了建议。
Leguminous plants are important forage and green manure crops,and plant diseases are important limiting factor for leguminous forage production.This article analyzes the Chinese scholars' studies on leguminous forage diseases in recent years based on CNKI and Web of Science databases.The incidence of legume forage disease can reach 1.1%～100.0%,which reduces the yield of forage grass by 3.0%～70.0%,decreases crude protein and crude fat by 18.3%～37.5%and 19.9%～38.2%respectively,and amino acid content by 17.4%～50.0%,increases crude fiber by 13.0%～44.3%.The diseases also affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics of herbage,such as reducing the content of ascorbic acid,gibberellin(GA),salicylic acid(SA)and abscisic acid significantly;increasing the enzyme activity of malondialdehyde(MDA),phenylalnine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)by more than 30.0%.some diseases produce toxin or female hormone,leading to livestock poisoning and the reduction of livestock production performance.At the same time,the research in this field is prospected,and some suggestions for future research are put forward.
Leguminous plants are important forage and green manure crops,and plant diseases are important limiting factor for leguminous forage production.This article analyzes the Chinese scholars' studies on leguminous forage diseases in recent years based on CNKI and Web of Science databases.The incidence of legume forage disease can reach 1.1%～100.0%,which reduces the yield of forage grass by 3.0%～70.0%,decreases crude protein and crude fat by 18.3%～37.5%and 19.9%～38.2%respectively,and amino acid content by 17.4%～50.0%,increases crude fiber by 13.0%～44.3%.The diseases also affect the physiological and biochemical characteristics of herbage,such as reducing the content of ascorbic acid,gibberellin(GA),salicylic acid(SA)and abscisic acid significantly;increasing the enzyme activity of malondialdehyde(MDA),phenylalnine ammonia lyase(PAL),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)by more than 30.0%.some diseases produce toxin or female hormone,leading to livestock poisoning and the reduction of livestock production performance.At the same time,the research in this field is prospected,and some suggestions for future research are put forward.
引文
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[29]文朝慧.甘肃环县紫花苜蓿根腐病及其生物防治[D].兰州:兰州大学,2015.
[30]陈雅君,崔国文.黑龙江省紫花苜蓿根腐病调查及病原分离[J].中国草地,2001,23(5):78-79.
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