沼液灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田CO_2、N_2O排放规律的影响
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摘要
为探究沼液灌溉对冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田CO_2和N_2O排放特征及土壤理化性质的影响,设置不同的灌溉模式,即空白对照处理CK、常规施肥处理CF、灌溉两次(小麦季一次+玉米季一次)2∶1沼液处理T1、灌溉三次(小麦季两次+玉米季一次)2∶1沼液处理T2与灌溉三次(小麦季两次+玉米季一次)2∶1沼液处理T3共五个处理,采用静态箱-气相色谱法,研究牛场沼液灌溉条件下冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田土壤CO_2和N_2O的排放特征,同时监测气象条件、土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、土壤可溶性有机碳等因子以及作物产量,分析并探讨了轮作周期内农田土壤CO_2和N_2O的排放特征及相关影响因子。试验结果表明,沼液灌溉没有改变轮作周期内土壤CO_2和N_2O排放通量的季节性变化规律,但会造成灌溉后短期内CO_2和N_2O排放通量增加;轮作周期内沼液灌溉处理在一定程度上提高了CO_2的排放水平,但除T3处理外,差异性均未达到显著水平;沼液灌溉处理没有明显提高N_2O排放水平。沼液灌溉提高了土壤可溶性有机碳含量,施用化肥会降低土壤可溶性有机碳含量;与常规施肥处理CF相比,T2、T3处理作物籽粒产量无明显差异,T1处理严重减产。综合考虑作物籽粒产量与CO_2和N_2O累积排放量,T2处理为本试验条件下最合理的沼液灌溉模式。
To investigate the effects of biogas slurry irrigation on CO_2 and N_2O emissions and soil physicochemical properties, in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, five different irrigation modes were set up, including blank control(CK), fertilization treatment(CF),2∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for two times(one time in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T1), 2∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for three times(two times in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T2)and 1∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for three times(two times in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T3). In the study, Static-Gas Chamber method was applied to study the soil CO_2 and N_2O emission from winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system under the condition of marsh fluid biogas irrigation. The meteorological condition, soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soil soluble organic carbon and crop yield were also monitored. The characteristics of CO_2 and N_2O emissions from cropland soil and their influencing factors were analyzed and discussed, and a reasonable biogas slurry irrigation model was put forward. The results showed that the biogas irrigation did not affect the seasonal variation of soil CO_2 and N_2O emission flux during the rotation cycle, however, it could cause the short-term emission increase after irrigation. The CO_2 emission level was increased by different biogas slurry irrigation treatments in a certain extent, but the difference was not significant except T3. The biogas irrigation treatments did not improve the N_2 O emission level significantly. The content of soil soluble organic carbon was increased by biogas slurry irrigation treatments and was decreased with the application of chemical fertilizers. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, there was no significant difference between the crop yield of T2 and T3, but the yield of T1 was significantly decreased. Considering the crop yield and CO_2 and N_2O accumulated emissions, T2 treatment was the most reasonable biogas slurry irrigation mode under this study condition.
To investigate the effects of biogas slurry irrigation on CO_2 and N_2O emissions and soil physicochemical properties, in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, five different irrigation modes were set up, including blank control(CK), fertilization treatment(CF),2∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for two times(one time in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T1), 2∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for three times(two times in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T2)and 1∶1 biogas slurry irrigation for three times(two times in wheat season and one time in corn season)(T3). In the study, Static-Gas Chamber method was applied to study the soil CO_2 and N_2O emission from winter wheat-summer maize rotation cropping system under the condition of marsh fluid biogas irrigation. The meteorological condition, soil ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soil soluble organic carbon and crop yield were also monitored. The characteristics of CO_2 and N_2O emissions from cropland soil and their influencing factors were analyzed and discussed, and a reasonable biogas slurry irrigation model was put forward. The results showed that the biogas irrigation did not affect the seasonal variation of soil CO_2 and N_2O emission flux during the rotation cycle, however, it could cause the short-term emission increase after irrigation. The CO_2 emission level was increased by different biogas slurry irrigation treatments in a certain extent, but the difference was not significant except T3. The biogas irrigation treatments did not improve the N_2 O emission level significantly. The content of soil soluble organic carbon was increased by biogas slurry irrigation treatments and was decreased with the application of chemical fertilizers. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment, there was no significant difference between the crop yield of T2 and T3, but the yield of T1 was significantly decreased. Considering the crop yield and CO_2 and N_2O accumulated emissions, T2 treatment was the most reasonable biogas slurry irrigation mode under this study condition.
引文
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[2]石亚楠,张克强,王风,等.猪场厌氧肥水灌溉对设施油麦菜产量及品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(1):190-195.SHI Ya-nan,ZHANG Ke-Qiang,WANG Feng,et al.Yield and quality of lettuce irrigated with anaerobic effluent from swine farms[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(1):190-195.
[3]张俊峰,陈超,宋金龙,等.规模化沼气工程沼液与有机肥及其组合在小白菜上的应用效果比较[J].中国沼气,2013,31(3):61-64.ZHANG Jun-feng,CHEN-chao,SONG Jin-long,et al.Effects of biogas slurry and organic fertilizer and their combination on Brassica chinensis L.[J].China Biogas,2013,31(3):61-64.
[4]王卫平,陆新苗,朱凤香,等.施用沼液对柑桔产量和品质以及土壤环境的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2300-2305.WANG Wei-ping,LU Xin-miao,ZHU Feng-xiang,et al.Influence of applying biogas slurry on yield and quality of citrus and soil environment[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2011,30(11):2300-2305.
[5]陈瑶,石秋萍,陈玉成.沼液连续浇灌对旱作和水田土壤养分及重金属含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):76-80.CHEN Yao,SHI Qiu-ping,CHEN Yu-cheng.Effects of continuous irrigation of biogas slurry on nutrient and heavy metal content in soil of dry land and paddy fields[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(2):76-80.
[6]邓蓉,陈玉成,石秋萍.模拟沼液淋溶灌溉对土壤下渗水的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(3):68-71.DENG Rong,CHEN Yu-cheng,SHI Qiu-ping.Effects of simulated biogas slurry leaching irrigation on soil infiltration[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,27(3):68-71.
[7]吴华山,郭德杰,常志州,等.猪粪沼液施用对土壤氨挥发及玉米产量和品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(2):163-168.WU Hua-shan,GUO De-jie,CHANG Zhi-zhou,et al.Effects of pig manure-biogas slurry application on soil ammonia volatilization and maize output and quality[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(2):163-168.
[8]杜臻杰,樊向阳,齐学斌,等.猪场沼液灌溉对冬小麦生长和品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(3):547-554.DU Zhen-jie,FAN Xiang-yang,QI Xue-bin,et al.Growth and grain quality of winter wheat irrigated with biogas liquid from a swine farm[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(3):547-554.
[9]郭海刚,杜会英,张克强,等.规模化牛场废水灌溉对冬小麦土壤速效氮迁移的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2012,31(4):21-25.GUO Hai-gang,DU Hui-ying,ZHANG Ke-qiang,et al.Effects of dairy wastewater irrigation on migration of soil available nitrogen[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2012,31(4):21-25.
[10]万运帆,李玉娥,林而达,等.田间管理对华北平原冬小麦产量土壤碳及温室气体排放的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(12):2495-2500.WAN Yun-fan,LI Yu-e,LIN Er-da,et al.Field managements affect yield,soil carbon,and greenhouse gases emission of winter-wheat in North China Plain[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2009,28(12):2495-2500.
[11]宋利娜,张玉铭,胡春胜.华北平原高产农区冬小麦农田土壤温室气体排放及其综合温室效应[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(3):297-307.SONG Li-na,ZHANG Yu-ming,HU Chun-sheng.Comprehensive analysis of emissions and global warming effects of greenhouse gases in winter-wheat fields in the high-yield agro-region of North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(3):297-307.
[12]潘莹,胡正华,吴扬周,等.保护性耕作对后茬冬小麦土壤CO2和N2O排放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2771-2776.PAN Ying,HU Zheng-hua,WU Yang-zhou,et al.Effects of conservation tillage on soil CO2and N2O emission during the following winter-wheat season[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(7):2771-2776.
[13]叶丹丹,谢立勇,郭李萍,等.华北平原典型农田CO2和N2O排放通量及其与土壤养分动态和施肥的关系[J].中国土壤与肥料,2011(3):15-20.YE Dan-dan,XIE Li-yong,GUO Li-ping,et al.The emission-flux of CO2and N2O and its relationship with soil nutrient dynamic and fertilization in typical upland fields in North China Plain[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences,2011(3):15-20.
[14]张甲珅,陶澍,曹军.中国东部土壤水溶性有机物含量与地域分异[J].土壤学报,2001,38(3):308-314.ZHANG Jia-shen,TAO Shu,CAO Jun.Spatial distribution pattern of water soluble organic carbon in Eastern China[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(3):308-314.
[15]秦越,李彬彬,武兰芳.不同耕作措施下秸秆还田土壤CO2排放与溶解性有机碳的动态变化及其关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(7):1442-1449.QIN Yue,LI Bin-bin,WU Lan-fang.Dynamics and interrelationship of CO2emission and dissolved organic carbon in soils with crop residue retention under different tillage practices[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2014,33(7):1442-1449.
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