黔北地区茅口组古岩溶储层稀土元素地球化学特征
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摘要
黔北地区茅口组表生期及埋藏期岩溶缝洞体系发育良好。为研究古岩溶储层REE分布特征及意义,对黔北地区34个岩溶岩及胶结物样品进行稀土元素地球化学特征分析,研究表明:黔北地区样品∑REE值为(4.08～23.04)×10~(-6),平均为9.21×10~(-6),总体上呈LREE富集、HREE亏损的右倾型配分模式,表明在沉积、成岩过程中存在着富集LREE的相;样品δCe值为0.71～0.98,平均为0.85,指示其岩溶环境主要为渗流—潜流带的氧化性水流环境;δCe—∑REE图解表明,δCe与∑REE存在一定的线性正相关性,且随着岩溶作用的进行,∑REE逐渐减小,δCe值也随着减小,LREE分异作用越来越明显;δEu值为0.55～0.93,平均值为0.69,这与低温还原性质的古水文环境和晚二叠世早期黔北地区被岩浆多次侵蚀有关;(La/Yb)_N—∑REE图解表明,弱溶蚀段至强溶蚀段沉积速率不断增大;溶蚀强烈段沉积速率降低,随着岩溶作用的进行,指示研究区经历了海平面先降低再升高的古海洋环境。
The experiment and analysis of REE were carried out on the rock samples of the Maokou Formation in northern Guizhou Province.The study showed that the REE value of the ancient karst rock samples in the northern Guizhou Province was(4.08-23.04)×10~(-6),with an average of 9.21×10~(-6),showing slightly right-diagonal REE pattern.The parameters of(La/Yb)_N-∑REE show that with the progress of karstification,the enrichment of rare earth elements will decrease.The karst rocks of various genetic types have the feature that the migration rate of light rare earth elements is higher than that of heavy rare earth elements,and the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements will become more apparent;theδCe value of rock samples is 0.71-0.98,with an average of 0.85.The value ofδEu is 0.55-0.93 and the average value is0.69.The anomaly of Ce is much worse than that of Eu,indicating that the paleo-karst reservoirs in the northern part of Guizhou were mainly formed in the oxidative flow environment of the seepage-active subduction zone.
The experiment and analysis of REE were carried out on the rock samples of the Maokou Formation in northern Guizhou Province.The study showed that the REE value of the ancient karst rock samples in the northern Guizhou Province was(4.08-23.04)×10~(-6),with an average of 9.21×10~(-6),showing slightly right-diagonal REE pattern.The parameters of(La/Yb)_N-∑REE show that with the progress of karstification,the enrichment of rare earth elements will decrease.The karst rocks of various genetic types have the feature that the migration rate of light rare earth elements is higher than that of heavy rare earth elements,and the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements will become more apparent;theδCe value of rock samples is 0.71-0.98,with an average of 0.85.The value ofδEu is 0.55-0.93 and the average value is0.69.The anomaly of Ce is much worse than that of Eu,indicating that the paleo-karst reservoirs in the northern part of Guizhou were mainly formed in the oxidative flow environment of the seepage-active subduction zone.
引文
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[12]Zheng Rongcai,Chen Hongde,Zhang Shaonan,et al.Stable isotopic characteristics of karst-reservoirs in Huanglong Formation from eastern Sichuan[J].Earth Science,1997,22(4):424-428.郑荣才,陈洪德,张哨楠,等.川东黄龙组古岩溶储层的稳定同位素和流体性质[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):424-428.
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[14]Guangyou Zhu,Feiran Chen,Zhiyong Chen,et al.Discovery and basic characteristics of high-quality source rocks found in the Yuertusi Formation of the Cambrian in Tarim Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,1(1):21-33.
[15]Wen X Y,Huang C M,Tang Y,et al.Rare earth elements:Apotential proxy for identifying the lacustrine sediment source and soil erosion intensity in karst areas[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments Protection Risk Assessment&Rem,2014,14(10):1693-1702.
[16]Wang Y L,Liu Y G,Schmitt R A.Rare earth element geochemistry of South Atlantic deep sea sediments:Ce anomaly change at-54 My[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1986,50(7):1337-1355.
[17]Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution,an examination of the geochemical record preserved in sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Geology,1985,94(4):632-633.
[18]Liu Xiufeng.Laboratory Research Methods of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:213-218.刘岫峰.沉积岩实验室研究方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:213-218.
[19]Wang Xinxin,Zheng Rongcai,Yan Guoqiang,et al.The mudstone sedimentary environment and provenance analysis based on the geochemical evidence of rare earth elements:Take Chang 9oil-bearing layer in Longdong area of Ordos Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(9):1387-1394.王欣欣,郑荣才,闫国强,等.基于稀土元素地球化学特征的泥岩沉积环境及物源分析---以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组泥岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(9):1387-1394.
[20]Wang Shufang,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,et al.Geochemistry evaluation index of redox-sensitive elements for depositional environments of Silurian Longmaxi organic-rich shale in the south of Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):27-34.王淑芳,董大忠,王玉满,等.四川盆地南部志留系龙马溪组富有机质页岩沉积环境的元素地球化学判别指标[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):27-34.
[21]Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Wei Quanchao.Palaeokarst reservoirs and exploration areas of the Maokou Formation in the southeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(6):1-8.郭旭升,李宇平,魏全超.川东南地区茅口组古岩溶发育特征及勘探领域[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(6):1-8.
[22]Cheng Changru,Zheng Lin,Li Changhong,et al.Ancient buried hill karst rocks and its geochemical characteristics in Qianmiqiao area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(6):816-820.程昌茹,郑琳,李长洪,等.千米桥古潜山岩溶岩及其地球化学特征[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):816-820.
[23]Zhang Li,Ji Hongbing,Gao Jie,et al.Geochemical characteristics of major,trace and rare earth elements in typical carbonate weathered profiles of Guizhou Plateau[J].Geochimica,2015,44(4):323-336.张莉,季宏兵,高杰,等.贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2015.44(4):323-336.
[24]Hu Qian.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in marine carbonate reservoirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].West-China Exploratin Engineering,2016,28(8):201-205.胡倩.川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征研究[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(8):201-205.
[25]Piper D Z.Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle:Asummary[J].Chemical Geology,1974,14(4):285-304.
[26]Boynton W V.Chapter 3-Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements:Meteorite Studies[J].Developments in Geochemistry,1984,(2):63-114.
[27]Zhang Bing,Zheng Rongcai,Wang Xuben,et al.Paleokarst and reservoirs of the Huanglong Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(3):1-2.张兵,郑荣才,王绪本,等.四川盆地东部黄龙组古岩溶特征与储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(3):1-2.
[28]Jia Zhenyuan,Cai Zhongxian.Carbonate paleo-weathered crust reservoirs(body)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,23(4):94-104.贾振远,蔡忠贤.碳酸盐岩古风化壳储集层(体)研究[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(4):94-104.
[2]Li Dinglong.Research on Ordovician Palaeokarst and Environmental Geochemical Characteristics in Northern Anhui Province[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.李定龙.皖北奥陶系古岩溶及其环境地球化学特征研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001.
[3]Liu Ning,Fan Dehua,Hao Yunqing,et al.REE analysis method and application:Taking source rocks in Yong’an region of the Dongying Sag,the Bohai Bay Basin as example[J].Petorleum Geology&Experiment,2009,31(4):427-432.刘宁,樊德华,郝运轻,等.稀土元素分析方法研究及应用---以渤海湾盆地东营凹陷永安地区物源分析为例[J].石油实验地质,2009,31(4):427-432.
[4]Li Dinglong.REE geochemical features of carbonate rocks and its paleokarst significane in the Ordovician in northern Anhui[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2000,7(2):353-365.李定龙.皖北奥陶系碳酸盐岩稀土元素地球化学特征及其古岩溶意义[J].地学前缘,2000,7(2):353-365.
[5]Wang Jie,Tan Xianfeng,Chen Hao,et al.The REE geochemical characteristics and the geological significance of Shiniulan Formation in southeast Chongqing[J].Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research,2017,32(2):273-285.王杰,谭先锋,陈浩,等.渝东南地区石牛栏组稀土元素地球化学特征及地质意义[J].地质找矿论丛,2017,32(2):273-285.
[6]Hu Wenxuan,Chen Qi,Wang Xiaolin,et al.REE models for the discrimination of fluids in the formation and evolution of dolomite reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(6):810-818.胡文瑄,陈琪,王小林,等.白云岩储层形成演化过程中不同流体作用的稀土元素判别模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):810-818.
[7]Hu Zhonggui,Zheng Rongcai,Zhou Gang,et al.REE geochemical characteristics of paleokarst reservoirs in Huanglong Formation of Linshui(eastern Sichuan)-northern Chongqing area[J].Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,2009,28(1):37-44.胡忠贵,郑荣才,周刚,等.川东邻水-渝北地区石炭系古岩溶储层稀土元素地球化学特征[J].岩石矿物学杂志,2009,28(1):37-44.
[8]Shi Zejin,Xia Wenqian,Wang Yong,et al.Characteristics and identification of paleokarst in the Maokou Formation in the southeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(3):622-630.施泽进,夏文谦,王勇,等.四川盆地东南部茅口组古岩溶特征及识别[J].岩石学报,2014,30(3):622-630.
[9]Qi Liang,Hu Jing,Deng Hailin.Determination of disperse elements in black shale by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Guangxi Chemical Industry,2000,29(supplement 1):138-139.漆亮,胡静,邓海琳,等.离子体质谱法测定黑色页岩中的稀有分散元素[J].广西化工,2000,29(增刊1):138-139.
[10]Wang Zongxin,Lv Xiuxiang,Qian Wenwen.Geochemical characteristics of the Cambrian marine carbonates elements and its petroleum geological significance:Case study of Xiaoerbulake Formation in Keping area of Tarim Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2017,28(7):1085-1095.汪宗欣,吕修祥,钱文文.寒武系海相碳酸盐岩元素地球化学特征及其油气地质意义---以塔里木盆地柯坪地区肖尔布拉克组为例[J].天然气地球科学,2017,28(7):1085-1095.
[11]Yuan J,Mao X,Wang Y,et al.Geochemistry of rare-earth elements in shallow groundwater,northeastern Guangdong Province,China[J].Acta Geochimica,2014,33(1):53-64.
[12]Zheng Rongcai,Chen Hongde,Zhang Shaonan,et al.Stable isotopic characteristics of karst-reservoirs in Huanglong Formation from eastern Sichuan[J].Earth Science,1997,22(4):424-428.郑荣才,陈洪德,张哨楠,等.川东黄龙组古岩溶储层的稳定同位素和流体性质[J].地球科学,1997,22(4):424-428.
[13]Haskin L A,Wildeman T R,Frey F A,et al.Rare earths in sediments[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1966,71(24):6091-6105.
[14]Guangyou Zhu,Feiran Chen,Zhiyong Chen,et al.Discovery and basic characteristics of high-quality source rocks found in the Yuertusi Formation of the Cambrian in Tarim Basin,China[J].Journal of Natural Gas Geoscience,2016,1(1):21-33.
[15]Wen X Y,Huang C M,Tang Y,et al.Rare earth elements:Apotential proxy for identifying the lacustrine sediment source and soil erosion intensity in karst areas[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments Protection Risk Assessment&Rem,2014,14(10):1693-1702.
[16]Wang Y L,Liu Y G,Schmitt R A.Rare earth element geochemistry of South Atlantic deep sea sediments:Ce anomaly change at-54 My[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1986,50(7):1337-1355.
[17]Taylor S R,Mclennan S M.The continental crust:Its composition and evolution,an examination of the geochemical record preserved in sedimentary rocks[J].Journal of Geology,1985,94(4):632-633.
[18]Liu Xiufeng.Laboratory Research Methods of Sedimentary Rocks[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1991:213-218.刘岫峰.沉积岩实验室研究方法[M].北京:地质出版社,1991:213-218.
[19]Wang Xinxin,Zheng Rongcai,Yan Guoqiang,et al.The mudstone sedimentary environment and provenance analysis based on the geochemical evidence of rare earth elements:Take Chang 9oil-bearing layer in Longdong area of Ordos Basin as an example[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(9):1387-1394.王欣欣,郑荣才,闫国强,等.基于稀土元素地球化学特征的泥岩沉积环境及物源分析---以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长9油层组泥岩为例[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(9):1387-1394.
[20]Wang Shufang,Dong Dazhong,Wang Yuman,et al.Geochemistry evaluation index of redox-sensitive elements for depositional environments of Silurian Longmaxi organic-rich shale in the south of Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2014,19(3):27-34.王淑芳,董大忠,王玉满,等.四川盆地南部志留系龙马溪组富有机质页岩沉积环境的元素地球化学判别指标[J].海相油气地质,2014,19(3):27-34.
[21]Guo Xusheng,Li Yuping,Wei Quanchao.Palaeokarst reservoirs and exploration areas of the Maokou Formation in the southeast of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2012,34(6):1-8.郭旭升,李宇平,魏全超.川东南地区茅口组古岩溶发育特征及勘探领域[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2012,34(6):1-8.
[22]Cheng Changru,Zheng Lin,Li Changhong,et al.Ancient buried hill karst rocks and its geochemical characteristics in Qianmiqiao area[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2008,19(6):816-820.程昌茹,郑琳,李长洪,等.千米桥古潜山岩溶岩及其地球化学特征[J].天然气地球科学,2008,19(6):816-820.
[23]Zhang Li,Ji Hongbing,Gao Jie,et al.Geochemical characteristics of major,trace and rare earth elements in typical carbonate weathered profiles of Guizhou Plateau[J].Geochimica,2015,44(4):323-336.张莉,季宏兵,高杰,等.贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2015.44(4):323-336.
[24]Hu Qian.Geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements in marine carbonate reservoirs in the northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].West-China Exploratin Engineering,2016,28(8):201-205.胡倩.川东北地区海相碳酸盐岩储层稀土元素地球化学特征研究[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(8):201-205.
[25]Piper D Z.Rare earth elements in the sedimentary cycle:Asummary[J].Chemical Geology,1974,14(4):285-304.
[26]Boynton W V.Chapter 3-Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements:Meteorite Studies[J].Developments in Geochemistry,1984,(2):63-114.
[27]Zhang Bing,Zheng Rongcai,Wang Xuben,et al.Paleokarst and reservoirs of the Huanglong Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(3):1-2.张兵,郑荣才,王绪本,等.四川盆地东部黄龙组古岩溶特征与储集层分布[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(3):1-2.
[28]Jia Zhenyuan,Cai Zhongxian.Carbonate paleo-weathered crust reservoirs(body)[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,23(4):94-104.贾振远,蔡忠贤.碳酸盐岩古风化壳储集层(体)研究[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(4):94-104.