塔里木盆地巴楚隆起奥陶系岩溶缝洞化学充填物成因分析
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摘要
考察塔北巴楚岩溶露头,描述并列出巴楚露头区溶洞化学充填的充填物类型,通过常量、同位素和包裹体等地化分析测试手段的分析,探讨充填物的形成环境。结果表明:巴楚五道班和硫磺沟溶洞化学充填类型多且具有很好的代表性和对比性;五道班主要为钙华、方解石、萤石,硫磺沟主要为垮塌的钙华角砾岩、钙华、包壳砾岩、硫磺和石膏;硫磺沟古溶洞受热液影响明显,硫同位素测试结果显示硫磺和石膏不是蒸发沉积形成,而是热液成岩的产物,硫磺沟钙华表面多附着硫磺,说明钙华形成环境与深部热水有密切关系;五道班古溶洞为地下河沉积充填和热液化学充填的混合,方解石和萤石受热液影响,五道班钙华常与陆源碎屑物质伴生主要是富含碳酸氢钙的岩溶水过饱和析出沉淀而成;受热液影响充填的溶洞,化学充填物可形成大型矿床。
Through field investigation,the chemical filling of paleocave was described and listed in Bachu outcrop. And the major elements,isotope and fluid inclusion were used to discuss the environment of filling. The results show that the chemical fillings are representative and comparative in Wudaoban and Liuhuanggou areas. The chemical fillings of paleocave in Wudaoban are tufa,calcite,and fluorite. Instead,the chemical fillings of paleocave are collapsed tufa breccia,tufa,coated rocks,sulfur and plaster in Liuhuanggou. The influence of hydrothermon paleocave in Liuhuanggou area is significant. The tests of sulfur isotope show that the sulfur and plaster are the hydrothermal yield instead of the evaporativeyield. The surface of the tufa in Liuhuanggou is mostly covered with sulfur,which indicates that the formation environment of the tufa is bound up with deep hydrotherm. However,it is mixed by the fillings of underground river sediment and chemical fillings of hydrotherm in Wudaoban. The tufa in Wudaoban is often associated with terrigenous detrital materials,which is mainly due to the over-saturation precipitation of karst water rich in calcium bicarbonate. The chemical filling in karst cave that influenced by hydrotherm may form a large deposit.
Through field investigation,the chemical filling of paleocave was described and listed in Bachu outcrop. And the major elements,isotope and fluid inclusion were used to discuss the environment of filling. The results show that the chemical fillings are representative and comparative in Wudaoban and Liuhuanggou areas. The chemical fillings of paleocave in Wudaoban are tufa,calcite,and fluorite. Instead,the chemical fillings of paleocave are collapsed tufa breccia,tufa,coated rocks,sulfur and plaster in Liuhuanggou. The influence of hydrothermon paleocave in Liuhuanggou area is significant. The tests of sulfur isotope show that the sulfur and plaster are the hydrothermal yield instead of the evaporativeyield. The surface of the tufa in Liuhuanggou is mostly covered with sulfur,which indicates that the formation environment of the tufa is bound up with deep hydrotherm. However,it is mixed by the fillings of underground river sediment and chemical fillings of hydrotherm in Wudaoban. The tufa in Wudaoban is often associated with terrigenous detrital materials,which is mainly due to the over-saturation precipitation of karst water rich in calcium bicarbonate. The chemical filling in karst cave that influenced by hydrotherm may form a large deposit.
引文
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[13]张兴阳,顾家裕,罗平,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系萤石成因及其油气地质意义[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2220-2228.ZHANG Xingyang,GU Jiayu,LUO Ping,et al. Genesis of the fluorite in the Odovician and its significance to the petroleum geology of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(8):2220-2228.
[14]周刚,郑荣才,罗平,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系萤石矿和礁滩相油藏耦合关系与成矿模式[J].矿物岩石,2011,31(4):67-76.ZHOU Gang,ZHENG Rongcai,LUO Ping,et al. The oupling relationship between fluorite mine and irganic reef-bank oil pool of Ordovician carbonates and metallogenic model of fluorite mine in Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Mineral Petrol,2011,31(4):67-76.
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[16]钟建华,毛毳,李勇,等.塔北硫磺沟奥陶系含油古溶洞的发现及意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(11):1660-1680.ZHONG Jianhua,MAO Cui,LI Yong,et al. Discovery of the ancient Ordovician oil-bearing karst cave in Liuhuanggou,North Tarim Basin,and its significance[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2012,42(11):1660-1680.
[17]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[18]郑永飞,陈江峰.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:143-217.
[19]陈岳龙,杨忠芳,赵志丹.同位素地质年代学与地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[20]钟建华,苏飞飞,倪良田,等.柯坪硫磺沟奥陶系(纹层状)古钙华的特征及石油地质意义[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(1):1-14.ZHONG Jianhua, SU Feifei, NI Liangtian, et al.Palaeo-tufa from the Liuhuanggou cave 2 in the Ordovician carbonate,North Tarim Basin,China:features and petroleum-geologic significances[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(1):1-14.
[21]牛永斌,钟建华,王培俊,等.塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系露头中的钙华特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):25-32.NIU Yongbin,ZHONG Jianhua,WANG Peijun,et al.Tufa character and its oil-gas significance of Ordovician outcrops in the northwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):25-32.
[22]牛永斌.塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2010.NIU Yongbin. Study on the carbonate reservior of ordovician in block 2 of Tahe Oilfield[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2010.
[23]陈汉林,贾承造.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1099.CHEN Hanlin,JIA Chengzao. Geological thermal events in Tarim Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(10):1096-1099.
[24]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:156-165.
[25]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-254.JIN Zhijun,ZHU Dongya,HU Wenxuan,et al. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-254.
[2] LOUCKS R G,MESCHER P K,MCMECHAN G A.Three-dimensional architecthre of a coalesced,collapsedpaleocave system in the Lower Ordovician Ellenburger Group,central Texas[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2004,88:545-564.
[3]肖玉茹,何峰煜,孙义梅.古洞穴型碳酸盐岩储层特征研究:以塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):75-80.XIAO Yuru,HE Fengyu,SUN Yimei. Reservoir characteristics of paleocave carbonates:a case study of Ordovician Paleocave in Tahe Oilfield,Tarim Basin[J]. Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):75-80.
[4]胡向阳,权莲顺,齐得山,等.塔河油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏溶洞充填特征[J].特种油气藏,2014,21(1):18-22.HU Xiangyang,QUAN Lianshun,QI Deshan,et al. Features of cavern filling in fracutred/vuggy carbonate oil reservoirs,Tahe Oilfield[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2014,21(1):18-22.
[5]金强,康逊,田飞.塔河油田奥陶系古岩溶径流带缝洞化学充填物成因和分布[J].石油学报,2015,36(7):791-798.JIN Qiang,KANG Xun,TIAN Fei. Genesis of chemical fillings in fracture-caves in paleo-karst runoff zone in Ordovician and their distributions in Tahe oilfield,Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(7):791-798.
[6]杨勇强,师政,邱隆伟,等.济阳坳陷四扣洼陷湖相碳酸盐岩岩溶储层特征及其发育模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,42(3):1-11.YANG Yongqiang, SHI Zheng, QIU Longwei, et al.Characterization and developmental model of karstic reservoirs in lacustrine carbonate strata of Eocene Sikou Sag,Jiyang Depression[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2018,42(3):1-11.
[7]杨明慧,金之钧,吕修祥,等.塔里木盆地基底卷入扭压构造与巴楚隆起的形成[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):158-165.YANG Minghui,JIN Zhijun,LXiuxiang,et al. Basement-Involved transpressional structure and the formation of the Bachu Uplift,Tarim Basin,Northwestern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):158-165.
[8]郑民,孟自芳,罗慎超,等.塔里木盆地鸟山构造带构造演化时序及油气勘探意义[J].地质学报,2009,83(1):16-24.ZHEN Min,MENG Zifang,LUO Shenchao,et al. Tectonic evolution series of the Niaoshan structure belt in the Bachu uplift,Tarim Basin,and its significance in hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(1):16-24.
[9]史基安,马宝林,师育新.新疆巴楚—柯坪地区上石炭统碳酸盐岩的沉积环境与成岩作用[J].沉积学报,1990,8(4):59-67.SHI Jian,MA Baolin,SHI Yuxin. Study on the sedimentary environment and diagenesis of upper carboniferous carbonates in bachu-keping region,Xinjiang[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1990,8(4):59-67.
[10]赵孟军,张水昌,曾强,等.塔里木盆地石炭系巴楚组碳酸盐岩烃源岩及其原油特征[J].海相油气地质,2000,5(1):23-28.ZHAO Mengjun,ZHANG Shuichang,ZENG Qiang,et al. Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rock and crude oil in the carboniferous Bachu Formation carbonate,Tarim Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2000,5(1):23-28.
[11]沈安江,郑剑锋,顾乔元.塔里木盆地巴楚地区中奥陶统一间房组露头礁滩复合体储层地质建模及其对塔中地区油气勘探的启示[J].地质通报,2008,27(1):137-148.SHEN Anjiang,ZHENG Jianfeng,GU Qiaoyuan. Reservoir geological models of reef complexes in the Middle Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Bachu area,Tarim basin,and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area,Xinjiang,China[J]. Geological Bulletin of China,2008,27(1):137-148.
[12]郑剑锋,沈安江,乔占峰,等.柯坪-巴楚露头区蓬莱坝组白云岩特征及孔隙成因[J].石油学报,2014,35(4):664-672.ZHENG Jianfeng,SHEN Anjiang,QIAO Zhanfeng,et al. Characteristics and pore genesis of dolomite in the Penglaiba Formation in Keping-Bachu outcrop area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2014,35(4):664-672.
[13]张兴阳,顾家裕,罗平,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系萤石成因及其油气地质意义[J].岩石学报,2006,22(8):2220-2228.ZHANG Xingyang,GU Jiayu,LUO Ping,et al. Genesis of the fluorite in the Odovician and its significance to the petroleum geology of Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2006,22(8):2220-2228.
[14]周刚,郑荣才,罗平,等.塔里木盆地奥陶系萤石矿和礁滩相油藏耦合关系与成矿模式[J].矿物岩石,2011,31(4):67-76.ZHOU Gang,ZHENG Rongcai,LUO Ping,et al. The oupling relationship between fluorite mine and irganic reef-bank oil pool of Ordovician carbonates and metallogenic model of fluorite mine in Tarim Basin[J]. Journal of Mineral Petrol,2011,31(4):67-76.
[15] ZHONG Jianhua,MAO Cui,LI Yong,et al. Discovery of the Ancient Ordovician oil-bearing Karst Cave in Liuhuanggou North Tarim Basin,and its significance[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2012,55(9):1406-1426.
[16]钟建华,毛毳,李勇,等.塔北硫磺沟奥陶系含油古溶洞的发现及意义[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(11):1660-1680.ZHONG Jianhua,MAO Cui,LI Yong,et al. Discovery of the ancient Ordovician oil-bearing karst cave in Liuhuanggou,North Tarim Basin,and its significance[J].Science China(Earth Sciences),2012,42(11):1660-1680.
[17]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[18]郑永飞,陈江峰.稳定同位素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:143-217.
[19]陈岳龙,杨忠芳,赵志丹.同位素地质年代学与地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[20]钟建华,苏飞飞,倪良田,等.柯坪硫磺沟奥陶系(纹层状)古钙华的特征及石油地质意义[J].中国岩溶,2017,36(1):1-14.ZHONG Jianhua, SU Feifei, NI Liangtian, et al.Palaeo-tufa from the Liuhuanggou cave 2 in the Ordovician carbonate,North Tarim Basin,China:features and petroleum-geologic significances[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2017,36(1):1-14.
[21]牛永斌,钟建华,王培俊,等.塔里木盆地西北缘奥陶系露头中的钙华特征及其石油地质意义[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(4):25-32.NIU Yongbin,ZHONG Jianhua,WANG Peijun,et al.Tufa character and its oil-gas significance of Ordovician outcrops in the northwest margin of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2010,34(4):25-32.
[22]牛永斌.塔河油田二区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集体研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2010.NIU Yongbin. Study on the carbonate reservior of ordovician in block 2 of Tahe Oilfield[D]. Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2010.
[23]陈汉林,贾承造.塔里木盆地地质热事件研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(10):1096-1099.CHEN Hanlin,JIA Chengzao. Geological thermal events in Tarim Basin[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin,1997,42(10):1096-1099.
[24]贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:156-165.
[25]金之钧,朱东亚,胡文瑄,等.塔里木盆地热液活动地质地球化学特征及其对储层影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(2):245-254.JIN Zhijun,ZHU Dongya,HU Wenxuan,et al. Geological and geochemical signatures of hydrothermal activity and their influence on carbonate reservoir beds in the Tarim Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(2):245-254.