全新世以来巴里坤湖面积变化及气候环境记录
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摘要
通过新疆北天山东段巴里坤山北麓巴里坤湖及周缘地区7个剖面的沉积相带划分、OSL测年、粒度分析、磁化率测试,研究了全新世以来巴里坤湖区湖面积变化:14 000 a B.P.末次冰盛期晚期,东天山地区冰川发育,由于水体封存于巴里坤山冰川,导致巴里坤湖萎缩至1#剖面以北。8 000~4 000 a B.P.巴里坤山冰川融化,巴里坤湖扩张进入全新世以来最大湖期,湖泊扩张至1#剖面以南,面积达到600 km2。东天山地区温暖湿润的全新世适宜期为8 000~4 000 a B.P.。其后湖泊逐渐萎缩,4 000~2 000 a B.P.湖泊面积大约470 km2。2 000~1 000 a B.P.面积萎缩至380 km2。在1 500 a B.P.左右湖泊曾经基本干涸,在目前湖心地带出现泥坪沉积。其后巴里坤湖进入小湖期,湖泊面积在100 km2范围波动,时有扩张或干涸。全新世巴里坤湖水位变化主要受北半球夏季太阳辐射变化控制,具体表现在北半球冰盖由扩张转为融化背景下,全新世早期巴里坤山冰川发育和全新世中期的巴里坤湖冰川融水的注入扩张;巴里坤地区受东亚夏季风影响甚弱,西风环流带给的水量补充有限,全新世中晚期巴里坤地区向干旱环境发展。
The authors have studied 7 profiles in Barkol Lake and surrounding areas at northern foothills of Barkol Mount in the eastern Tianshan. By means of sedimentary facies analysis,OSL dating,grain size analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement,the Holocene environmental evolution of Barkol Lakes were reconstructed. The glaciers of the East Tianshan area expanded during Last Glacial Maximum( LGM) at 14 000 a B. P. Water sealed in the glaciers of Barkol Mount,resulting in Barkol Lake shrink to the north to the #1 profile. The glaciers of Barkol Mount were shrank during 8 000 ~ 4 000 a B. P. Barkol Lake attained to the largest lake of the expansion since the beginning of the Holocene. The lake expanded to the south of the # 1 section,the area amounted to 600 km2. East Tianshan area was warm and humid during Holocene Optimum at 8 000 ~ 4 000 a B. P. subsequently the lake was gradually shrinking. The lakes area was 470 km2at 4 000 ~ 2 000 a B. P. and shrank to 380 km2at 2 000 ~ 1 000 a B. P. The lakes dried up at around 1 500 a B. P. Appeared mud flat deposits in the current lake zone,subsequently Barkol Lake came into the small lake with the area changing at about 100km2when expansion or dry. The changing of lake level of the Barkol was mainly controlled by the summer solar radiation of Northern Hemisphere,which was manifested in the expansion and shrank of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. the expansion of the Barkol Mount glaciers in the early Holocene and water injected into Barkol Lake by glaciers shrank in middle Holocene). The Barkol influenced little by the East Asian summer monsoon,westerly circulation bring limited water to supple the area,which drive the Barkol to the arid environment during middle to late Holocene.
The authors have studied 7 profiles in Barkol Lake and surrounding areas at northern foothills of Barkol Mount in the eastern Tianshan. By means of sedimentary facies analysis,OSL dating,grain size analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurement,the Holocene environmental evolution of Barkol Lakes were reconstructed. The glaciers of the East Tianshan area expanded during Last Glacial Maximum( LGM) at 14 000 a B. P. Water sealed in the glaciers of Barkol Mount,resulting in Barkol Lake shrink to the north to the #1 profile. The glaciers of Barkol Mount were shrank during 8 000 ~ 4 000 a B. P. Barkol Lake attained to the largest lake of the expansion since the beginning of the Holocene. The lake expanded to the south of the # 1 section,the area amounted to 600 km2. East Tianshan area was warm and humid during Holocene Optimum at 8 000 ~ 4 000 a B. P. subsequently the lake was gradually shrinking. The lakes area was 470 km2at 4 000 ~ 2 000 a B. P. and shrank to 380 km2at 2 000 ~ 1 000 a B. P. The lakes dried up at around 1 500 a B. P. Appeared mud flat deposits in the current lake zone,subsequently Barkol Lake came into the small lake with the area changing at about 100km2when expansion or dry. The changing of lake level of the Barkol was mainly controlled by the summer solar radiation of Northern Hemisphere,which was manifested in the expansion and shrank of the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. the expansion of the Barkol Mount glaciers in the early Holocene and water injected into Barkol Lake by glaciers shrank in middle Holocene). The Barkol influenced little by the East Asian summer monsoon,westerly circulation bring limited water to supple the area,which drive the Barkol to the arid environment during middle to late Holocene.
引文
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11 Zhong W,Xue J,Li X,et al.A Holocene climatic record denoted by geochemical indicators from Barkol Lake in the northeastern Xinjiang,NW China[J].Geochemistry International,2010,48:792-800
12 Tao S C,An C B,Chen F H,et al.Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental changes since 16.7 ka B.P at Balikun Lake,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55:2449-2457
13 Zhong W,Pen Z,Xue J,et al.Geochemistry of sediments from Barkol Lake in the westerly influenced northeast Xinjiang:Implications for catchment weathering intensity during the Holocene[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,50:7-13
14 吕雁斌,赵家驹,黄伟.新疆巴里坤湖粒度组分分解及其环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):134-142[LüYanbin,Zhao Jiaju,Huang Wei.Decomposition of the grain-size component and its climate implication from Lake Barkol,Xinjiang[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,2011,29(1):134-142]
15 顾兆炎,赵惠敏,王振海,等.末次间冰期以来新疆巴里坤湖蒸发盐的沉积环境记录[J].第四纪研究,1998(4):328-334[Gu Zhaoyan,Zhao Huimin,Wang Zhenhai,et al.Evaporation salt records of environmental response to climate change in Barkol lake basin,northwestern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998(4):328-334]
16 赖忠平,苗晓东,周杰,等.沙漠黄土边界带风成砂再生法单片技术等效剂量分布[J].核技术,2001,24(12):1022-1023[Lai Zhongping,Miao Xiaodong,Zhou Jie,et al.Equivalent dose distribution of aeolian sand using regenerative-dose single-aliquot protocol[J].Nuclear Techniques,2001,24(12):1022-1023]
17 赖忠平,周杰,卢演俦,等.风成沉积石英绿光释光测年的单片技术[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):403-406[Lai Zhongping,Zhou Jie,Lu Yanchou,et al.Luminescence dating of aeolian sediments using single aliquot technique[J].Journal of Desert Research,1999,19(4):403-406]
18 蒋庆丰,刘兴起,沈吉.乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):878-882[Jiang Qingfeng,Liu Xingqi,Shen Ji.Grain-size characteristics of Wulugu lake sediments and its palaeoclimate implication[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):878-882]
19 邓成龙,刘青松,潘永信,等.中国黄土环境磁学[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):193-209[Deng Chenglong,Liu Qingsong,Pan Yongxin,et al.Environmental magnetism of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(2):193-209]
20 田庆春.青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积物磁化率及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):143-150[Tian Qingchun.Magnetic susceptibility and its environmental significance of lake sediments in Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(1):143-150]
21 凌智永,李志忠,武胜利,等.新疆伊犁晚全新世风成沙—古土壤序列磁化率特征及气候变化[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):928-936 [Ling Zhiyong,Li Zhizhong,Wu Shengli,et al.Late Holocene climate change revealed by the magnetic susceptibility of palaeoaeolian sand paleosol sedimentary sequence in Yili Valley of Xinjiang[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):928-936]
22 Alexander A P,Galina K K,Elena V B,et al.Paleoenvironmental proxy records from lake Hovsgol,Mongolia,and a synthesis of Holocene climate change in the lake baikal watershed[J].Quaternary Research,2007,68:2-17
23 Bjune A,Bakke H,Seppa H.Holocene vegetation and climate history on a continental-oceanic transect in northern Fennoskandia based on pollen and plant macrofossils[J].Boreas,2004,33:211-133
24 Yarrow A,Gifford H M,Aslaug G,et al.Holocene temperature history of northern Iceland inferred form subfossil midges[J].Quaternary Science Review,2008
25 Chen F H,Yu Z C,Yang M L,et al.Holocene moisture evolution in arid central Asia and its out-of-phase relationship with Asian monsoon history[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27:351-364
2 Liu Weiguo,Liu Zhonghui,Fu Mingyi,et al.Distribution of the37C tetra-unsaturated alkenone in Lake Qinghai,China:a potential lake salinity indicator[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2008,72,988-997
3 Xu H,Liu X Y,Hou Z H.Temperature variations at Lake Qinghai on decadal scales and the possible relation to solar activities[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2008,70,138-144
4 Shen Jia,Liu Xingqia,Wang Sumina,et al.Palaeoclimatic changes in the Qinghai Lake area during the last 18,000 years[J].Quaternary International,2005,136:131-140
5 宋春晖,王新民,师永民,等.青海湖现代滨岸沉积微相及其特征[J].沉积学报,1999,17(1):51-57[Song Chunhui,Wang Xinmin,Shi Yongmin,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and microfacies of shore zone in Qinghai Lake[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,1999,17(1):51-57]
6 刘向军,赖忠平.青海湖晚第四纪湖面变化研究进展[J].地球环境学报,2010,(2):79-89[Liu Xiangjun,Lai Zhongping.Lake level fluctuations in Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the last interglaciation:A brief review and new data[J].Journal of Earth Environment,2010,(2):79-89]
7 袁宝印,魏兰英,王振海,等.新疆巴里坤湖十五万年来古水文演化序列[J].第四纪研究,1998,(4):319-327[Yuan Baoyin,Wei Lanying,Wang Zhenhai,et al.The Paleohydrogical evolution sequence of Barkol Lake since 150 000 a B.P.[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998,(4):319-327]
8 韩淑媞,董光荣.巴里坤湖全新世环境演变的初步研究[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1990,10(3):91-98[Han Shuti,Dong Guangrong.Preliminary study of Holocene environmental evolution in the Balikun Lake[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,1990,10(3):91-98]
9 薛积彬,钟巍.干旱区湖泊沉积物粒度组分记录的区域沙尘活动历史:以新疆巴里坤湖为例[J].沉积学报,2008,26(4):647-654[Xue Jibin,Zhong Wei.Variation in dust event reflected by grain-size component of lacustrine records in Droughty area:A case study on Barkol Lake,Xinjiang,China[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(4):647-654]
10 薛积彬,钟巍.新疆巴里坤湖全新世气候环境变化与高低纬间气候变化的关联[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2011,41(1):61-73 [Xue Jibin,Zhong Wei.Holocene climate variation denoted by Barkol Lake sediments in northeastern Xinjiang and its possible linkage to the high and low latitude climates[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2011,41(1):61-73]
11 Zhong W,Xue J,Li X,et al.A Holocene climatic record denoted by geochemical indicators from Barkol Lake in the northeastern Xinjiang,NW China[J].Geochemistry International,2010,48:792-800
12 Tao S C,An C B,Chen F H,et al.Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental changes since 16.7 ka B.P at Balikun Lake,Xinjiang[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55:2449-2457
13 Zhong W,Pen Z,Xue J,et al.Geochemistry of sediments from Barkol Lake in the westerly influenced northeast Xinjiang:Implications for catchment weathering intensity during the Holocene[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2012,50:7-13
14 吕雁斌,赵家驹,黄伟.新疆巴里坤湖粒度组分分解及其环境指示意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):134-142[LüYanbin,Zhao Jiaju,Huang Wei.Decomposition of the grain-size component and its climate implication from Lake Barkol,Xinjiang[J].Acta Sedimantologica Sinica,2011,29(1):134-142]
15 顾兆炎,赵惠敏,王振海,等.末次间冰期以来新疆巴里坤湖蒸发盐的沉积环境记录[J].第四纪研究,1998(4):328-334[Gu Zhaoyan,Zhao Huimin,Wang Zhenhai,et al.Evaporation salt records of environmental response to climate change in Barkol lake basin,northwestern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998(4):328-334]
16 赖忠平,苗晓东,周杰,等.沙漠黄土边界带风成砂再生法单片技术等效剂量分布[J].核技术,2001,24(12):1022-1023[Lai Zhongping,Miao Xiaodong,Zhou Jie,et al.Equivalent dose distribution of aeolian sand using regenerative-dose single-aliquot protocol[J].Nuclear Techniques,2001,24(12):1022-1023]
17 赖忠平,周杰,卢演俦,等.风成沉积石英绿光释光测年的单片技术[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):403-406[Lai Zhongping,Zhou Jie,Lu Yanchou,et al.Luminescence dating of aeolian sediments using single aliquot technique[J].Journal of Desert Research,1999,19(4):403-406]
18 蒋庆丰,刘兴起,沈吉.乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):878-882[Jiang Qingfeng,Liu Xingqi,Shen Ji.Grain-size characteristics of Wulugu lake sediments and its palaeoclimate implication[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2006,24(6):878-882]
19 邓成龙,刘青松,潘永信,等.中国黄土环境磁学[J].第四纪研究,2007,27(2):193-209[Deng Chenglong,Liu Qingsong,Pan Yongxin,et al.Environmental magnetism of Chinese loess-paleosol sequences[J].Quaternary Sciences,2007,27(2):193-209]
20 田庆春.青藏高原腹地湖泊沉积物磁化率及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):143-150[Tian Qingchun.Magnetic susceptibility and its environmental significance of lake sediments in Tibet Plateau[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(1):143-150]
21 凌智永,李志忠,武胜利,等.新疆伊犁晚全新世风成沙—古土壤序列磁化率特征及气候变化[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):928-936 [Ling Zhiyong,Li Zhizhong,Wu Shengli,et al.Late Holocene climate change revealed by the magnetic susceptibility of palaeoaeolian sand paleosol sedimentary sequence in Yili Valley of Xinjiang[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):928-936]
22 Alexander A P,Galina K K,Elena V B,et al.Paleoenvironmental proxy records from lake Hovsgol,Mongolia,and a synthesis of Holocene climate change in the lake baikal watershed[J].Quaternary Research,2007,68:2-17
23 Bjune A,Bakke H,Seppa H.Holocene vegetation and climate history on a continental-oceanic transect in northern Fennoskandia based on pollen and plant macrofossils[J].Boreas,2004,33:211-133
24 Yarrow A,Gifford H M,Aslaug G,et al.Holocene temperature history of northern Iceland inferred form subfossil midges[J].Quaternary Science Review,2008
25 Chen F H,Yu Z C,Yang M L,et al.Holocene moisture evolution in arid central Asia and its out-of-phase relationship with Asian monsoon history[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27:351-364