有机铜、锌、锰元素对奶牛生产性能、健康状况及繁殖性能的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究日粮添加氨基酸螯合铜、锌和锰对奶牛生产、繁殖性能及健康状况的影响。试验选择健康荷斯坦(60 d干乳期)奶牛300头,随机分为两组,每组150头,干乳期间,对照组日粮添加400 g/kg硫酸盐形式的铜、锌和锰,有机矿组添加400 g/kg复合氨基酸矿(铜、锌和锰);哺乳期,对照组日粮添加600 g/kg硫酸盐形式的铜、锌和锰,有机矿组添加200 g/kg复合氨基酸矿。结果显示:有机矿组初乳中免疫球蛋白的含量显著高于对照组(P <0.05);奶牛的胎次对初乳中钠、锌和钴的含量具有显著影响(P <0.05)。在150 d的泌乳期,有机矿组较对照组显著提高了乳中脂肪的含量(P <0.05);胎次显著影响1～150 d奶牛的体况评分(P <0.05)。有机矿组较对照组显著提高配种奶牛头数与怀孕奶牛头数的比例(P <0.05),对奶牛的其他繁殖指标无显著影响(P> 0.05)。有机矿组显著降低产仔死亡头数(P <0.05),对其他组织器官疾病和蹄病无显著影响(P> 0.05)。结论 :日粮添加有机矿(氨基酸螯合锌、铜和锰)可以提高奶牛干乳期和泌乳期初乳免疫球蛋白含量,降低出生犊牛的死亡率。
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic trace minerals(copper,manganese and zinc)on production,reproduction performance and health status of dairy cattle. A total of 300 Holstein cattle were allotted to 2 groups. At dry period,the control diet added 400 g/kg inorganic minerals,and the organic group added 400 g/kg amino acid complex trace minerals. At the lactation period,the control diet added 600 g/kg inorganic minerals,and the organic group added 200 g/kg amino acid complex trace minerals. Results showed that the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was higher than the control group(P <0.05). The parity of cattle had significant effects on sodium,zinc and cobalt in colostrum(P< 0.05). At the 150 d lactation period,the organic group increased the fat contents in milk(P <0.05),while the parity significantly affected the body score(P <0.05). The organic group increased the service and pregnant ratio of cattle,while had no significant effect on reproduction performance(P >0.05). The organic group decreased the calf mortality(P <0.05),but not affected the incidence of pathologic events and claw disorders(P >0.05). In conclusion,substitution of amino acid complex zinc,copper and manganese during the dry period and lactation resulted in higher colostrum and lower calf mortality.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic trace minerals(copper,manganese and zinc)on production,reproduction performance and health status of dairy cattle. A total of 300 Holstein cattle were allotted to 2 groups. At dry period,the control diet added 400 g/kg inorganic minerals,and the organic group added 400 g/kg amino acid complex trace minerals. At the lactation period,the control diet added 600 g/kg inorganic minerals,and the organic group added 200 g/kg amino acid complex trace minerals. Results showed that the concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was higher than the control group(P <0.05). The parity of cattle had significant effects on sodium,zinc and cobalt in colostrum(P< 0.05). At the 150 d lactation period,the organic group increased the fat contents in milk(P <0.05),while the parity significantly affected the body score(P <0.05). The organic group increased the service and pregnant ratio of cattle,while had no significant effect on reproduction performance(P >0.05). The organic group decreased the calf mortality(P <0.05),but not affected the incidence of pathologic events and claw disorders(P >0.05). In conclusion,substitution of amino acid complex zinc,copper and manganese during the dry period and lactation resulted in higher colostrum and lower calf mortality.
引文
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[13]Nocek J E,Johnson A B,Socha M T. Digital characteristics in commercial dairy herds fed metal-specific amino acid complexes[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83:1553~1572.
[14]PredieriG,ElviriL,TegoniMet al.Metalchelatesof2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid in animal feeding. Part 2:further characterizations,in vitro and in vivo investigations[J].J Inorg Biochem,2005,99:627~636.
[15]Siciliano-Jones J L,Socha M T,Tomlinson D J et al. Effect of trace mineral source on lactation performance,claw integrity,and fertility of dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91:1985~1995.
[16]Spears J W. Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proc Nutr Soc,2000,59:587~594.
[17]Tomlinson D J,Mulling C H,Fakler T M. Invited review:formation of keratins in the bovine claw:roles of hormones,minerals and vitamins in functional claw integrity[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:797~809.
[18]Wildman E E,Jones G M,Wagner P E et al. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].J Dairy Sci,1982,65:495~501.
[2]谭静,赵月朋,常书梅,等.日粮中添加有机铜、铁、锌、锰对育肥猪生长性能及减排的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,7:15~18.
[3]杨帆,李奉仙,罗仕伟.日粮中补充有机锌、有机锰、有机铜及有机钴奶牛产奶量、卵泡生长、胚胎质量及组织中矿物元素含量的影响[J].饲料与畜牧:新饲料,2013,6:47~51.
[4]Brown M A,Casillas E R. Manganese and manganese-ATP interactions with bovine sperm adenylate cyclase[J]. Arch Biochem Biophys,1986,244:719~726.
[5]Campbell M H,Miller J K,Schrick F N. Effect of additional cobalt,copper,manganese,and zinc on reproduction and milk yield of lactating dairy cows receiving bovine somatotropin[J].J Dairy Sci,1999,82:1019~1025.
[6]Cope C M,Mackenzie A M,Wilde D et al. Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health[J].J Dairy Sci,2009,92:2128~2135.
[7]Duffy J H,Bingley J B,Cove L Y. The plasma zinc concentration of nonpregnant,pregnant and parturient Hereford cattle[J].Aust Vet J,1977,53:519~522.
[8]Fraker P J,King L E,Laakko T et al. The dynamic link between the integrity of the immune system and zinc status[J].J Nutr,2000,130:1399~1406.
[9]Henry P R,Ammerman C B,Littell R C. Relative bioavailability of manganese from a manganese-methionine complex and inorganic sources for ruminants[J].J Dairy Sci,1992,75:3473~3478.
[10]Kinal S,Korniewicz D,Jamroz D et al. The effectiveness of zinc,copper and manganese applied in organic forms in diets of high milk yielding cows[J].J Food Agric Environ,2007,5:189~193.
[11]Lombardi P,Avallone L,Pagnini U et al. Evaluation of buffalo colostrum quality by estimation of enzyme activity levels[J]. J Food Protect,2001,64:1265~1267.
[12]Nocek J E,Socha M T,Tomlinson D J. The effect of trace mineral fortification level and source on performance of dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2006,89:2679~2693.
[13]Nocek J E,Johnson A B,Socha M T. Digital characteristics in commercial dairy herds fed metal-specific amino acid complexes[J].J Dairy Sci,2000,83:1553~1572.
[14]PredieriG,ElviriL,TegoniMet al.Metalchelatesof2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid in animal feeding. Part 2:further characterizations,in vitro and in vivo investigations[J].J Inorg Biochem,2005,99:627~636.
[15]Siciliano-Jones J L,Socha M T,Tomlinson D J et al. Effect of trace mineral source on lactation performance,claw integrity,and fertility of dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,2008,91:1985~1995.
[16]Spears J W. Micronutrients and immune function in cattle[J].Proc Nutr Soc,2000,59:587~594.
[17]Tomlinson D J,Mulling C H,Fakler T M. Invited review:formation of keratins in the bovine claw:roles of hormones,minerals and vitamins in functional claw integrity[J].J Dairy Sci,2004,87:797~809.
[18]Wildman E E,Jones G M,Wagner P E et al. A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].J Dairy Sci,1982,65:495~501.