长江经济带自然保护区分布特征研究
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摘要
利用地理集中指数、均衡度指数、均衡比指数等定量方法,从东、中、西部和11省市尺度对长江经济带1066个自然保护区分布特征进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)保护区数量和面积分布均衡性存在空间差异;(2)保护区在东部主要受经济状况影响,中部受人口数量影响,西部受省市面积影响;(3)森林生态类在中部和西部分布均衡,野生动物类在东部和中部分布较均衡,野生植物、古生物和地质遗迹在西部分布较均衡,内陆湿地在中部分布较均衡;(4)市级和国家级保护区分布较集中,县级和省级保护区分布相对均衡;草原草甸和海洋海岸类分布较集中,内陆湿地、野生植物和森林生态等分布相对均衡。研究成果可为优化研究区自然保护区空间格局,拟定自然保护区发展政策提供依据。
Based on the geographical concentration index,equilibrium index and equilibrium ratio index method,this paper comprehensively analyzed the distribution characteristics of 1066 different grades and different types of nature reserves in the Changjiang Economic Zone from two scales of the east to the west and 11 provinces and cities.The results showed that:(1)There were differences in the distribution of the number and area of the natural protection areas.The distribution of the central part was more balanced while was poor in the eastern,and the distribution of the western part was more balanced,but the area distribution was quite different.(2)The distribution of nature reserves in the east was affected by the economic situation,the middle was affected by the population quantity,and the west was affected by the measure of area.(3)The distribution equilibrium of different types of nature reserves was different,and the forest ecological types were balanced in the central and western regions,while the wild animal types were more balanced in the eastern and middle parts.Wild plants,ancient biological relics and geological relics were more evenly distributed in the western regions.The inland wetland types were more balanced in the middle regions.(4)The distribution of different levels and types of nature reserves in 11 provinces and cities was different,and the distribution of municipal and national protected areas was more concentrated,and the distribution of county-level and provincial protection zones was relatively balanced.Grassland,meadow and marine coastal types nature reserves were more concentrated,while the inland wetlands,wild plants and forest ecological types nature reserves were relatively evenly distributed in various provinces and cities.This study could provide an academic basis for optimizing the spatial pattern of nature reserves,formulating the development policies of reservation parks,and constructing ecological civilization in the Changjiang Economic Zone.
Based on the geographical concentration index,equilibrium index and equilibrium ratio index method,this paper comprehensively analyzed the distribution characteristics of 1066 different grades and different types of nature reserves in the Changjiang Economic Zone from two scales of the east to the west and 11 provinces and cities.The results showed that:(1)There were differences in the distribution of the number and area of the natural protection areas.The distribution of the central part was more balanced while was poor in the eastern,and the distribution of the western part was more balanced,but the area distribution was quite different.(2)The distribution of nature reserves in the east was affected by the economic situation,the middle was affected by the population quantity,and the west was affected by the measure of area.(3)The distribution equilibrium of different types of nature reserves was different,and the forest ecological types were balanced in the central and western regions,while the wild animal types were more balanced in the eastern and middle parts.Wild plants,ancient biological relics and geological relics were more evenly distributed in the western regions.The inland wetland types were more balanced in the middle regions.(4)The distribution of different levels and types of nature reserves in 11 provinces and cities was different,and the distribution of municipal and national protected areas was more concentrated,and the distribution of county-level and provincial protection zones was relatively balanced.Grassland,meadow and marine coastal types nature reserves were more concentrated,while the inland wetlands,wild plants and forest ecological types nature reserves were relatively evenly distributed in various provinces and cities.This study could provide an academic basis for optimizing the spatial pattern of nature reserves,formulating the development policies of reservation parks,and constructing ecological civilization in the Changjiang Economic Zone.
引文
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[2]陈雯,孙伟,吴加伟,等.长江经济带开发与保护空间格局构建及其分析路径[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(11)∶1388-1397.
[3]杨桂山,徐昔保,李平星.长江经济带绿色生态廊道建设研究[J].地理科学进展.2015,34(11)∶1356-1367.
[4]旷开金,刘金福,徐道炜,等.中国自然保护区数量与面积均衡性关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境.2015,29(12)∶79-83.
[5]付励强,宗诚,孔石,等.国家级自然保护区与风景名胜区的空间分布及生态旅游潜力分析[J].野生动物学报,2015,36(2)∶218-223.
[6]孔石.国家级自然保护区与其他主要保护地类型的空间关系与分布格局[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学硕士学位论文,2014.
[7]徐道炜,刘金福,洪伟,等.中国森林生态和野生植物类型自然保护区分布的均衡性[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2017,46(3)∶265-269.
[8]燕然然,蔡晓斌,王学雷,等.长江流域湿地自然保护区分布现状及存在的问题[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1)∶136-144.
[9]吴健,刘昊.中国自然保护区空间分布的经济分析[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12)∶2091-2101.
[10]闫颜,王智,高军,等.我国自然保护区地区分布特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,2010,30(18)∶5091-5097.
[11]朱沁夫,李昭,杨樨.用地理集中指数衡量游客集中程度方法的一个改进[J].旅游学刊,2011,26(4)∶26-28.
[12]李涛,陶卓民,李在军,等.基于GIS技术的江苏省乡村旅游景点类型与时空特征研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(11)∶179-184.
[13]靳诚,徐菁.江苏省旅游景点空间分布差异定量化研究[J].地域研究与开发,2012,31(6)∶92-96.