贮存温度及形态对甜樱桃花粉耐贮性的影响研究
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摘要
以吉美、艳阳、先锋、雷尼、斯坦拉等5个甜樱桃品种为材料,采用花粉离体培养法、烘干法、蔗糖悬浮液法和果胶酶酶解法等研究了温度条件和花药形态对樱桃花粉贮存时间的影响,以及中、晚熟优质樱桃品种花粉的生活力、出粉量和含水量等指标,为甜樱桃杂交育种提供理论依据和生产实践提供参考。结果为吉美、艳阳等5个甜樱桃品种的花粉总含水量在39.65%～68.62%,在25℃烘箱内烘干24h后含水率降至4.98%～6.1%,此时5个品种花粉生活力均在40%以上。吉美、艳阳、先锋三个品种甜樱桃单药出粉量分别为2 120,1 952,2 711粒;单花出粉量均在60.0×103以上,以先锋最高为103.0×103;吉美、先锋单克花粉量高于50.0×106。吉美、艳阳、先锋三种甜樱桃花粉在4℃条件下贮存2.5个月仍可以保持10%以上的花粉生活力;在-20℃低温和-80℃超低温条件下可实现周年保存,且贮存效果相差不大,365d花粉生活力均可保持贮存前14%以上,-80℃下先锋花粉活力最高可达36.22%。长期贮存中以花药形态贮存的甜樱桃花粉表现出了更好的耐贮存性,低温可实现其周年保存,低温贮存时选择-20℃最佳。吉美、艳阳、先锋三个品种均适合作为花粉生产品种,以先锋最适宜。
The effects of temperature conditions and storage form on the storage time of cherry pollen were studied,as well as the viability,powder yield,and water content of pollen in middle and late mature cherry cultivars,which provided a theoretical basis and reference for cross breeding of sweet cherryand production practice.Five sweet cherry varieties such as 'Jimei','Sunburst','Van','Rainier'and'Stella'were used as the materials.The drying method was used to measure the pollen moisture content.Sucrose suspension method and pectinase enzymolysis method were used to measure the pollen amount.The determination of pollen viability was conducted using pollen germination in vitro,and then the effect of different storage temperaturesand anther morphology were studied.The total pollen contents of five sweet cherry varieties such as 'Jimei'and 'Sunburst'ranged from39.65%to 68.62%.After drying in an oven at 25℃for 24 hours,the moisture content decreased to4.98%and 6.1%.The pollen viability of all varieties is above 40%.The yields of single anther pollen of 3 sweet cherry varieties as'Jimei','Sunburs' and'Van'are 2120,1952,and 2711 respectively.The amount of pollen produced from single flower was above 60.0×103,and the highest amount is from 'Van'which is 103.0×103.As to'Jimei'and 'Van',the amount is higher than 50.0×106.The sweet cherry pollen of'Jimei','Sunburst','Van'can maintain a more than 10%pollen viability at 4℃for 2.5 months;at low temperature-20℃andsuper low temperature-80℃in the cryogenic storage,pollen viability can maintain active for a year,and the storage effect of the two temperatures showed little difference.The 365-day pollen viability could be maintained at more than 14% before storage,and that of'Van'could reach 36.22%stored below-80℃.Sweet cherry pollen stored in anther form during long-term storage showed better storage stability,and its annual storage at low temperature was the best.The best temperature was-20℃ when stored at low temperature.'Jimei','Sunburst'and'Van'are all suitable varieties for pollen production,and'Van'is the most suitable.
The effects of temperature conditions and storage form on the storage time of cherry pollen were studied,as well as the viability,powder yield,and water content of pollen in middle and late mature cherry cultivars,which provided a theoretical basis and reference for cross breeding of sweet cherryand production practice.Five sweet cherry varieties such as 'Jimei','Sunburst','Van','Rainier'and'Stella'were used as the materials.The drying method was used to measure the pollen moisture content.Sucrose suspension method and pectinase enzymolysis method were used to measure the pollen amount.The determination of pollen viability was conducted using pollen germination in vitro,and then the effect of different storage temperaturesand anther morphology were studied.The total pollen contents of five sweet cherry varieties such as 'Jimei'and 'Sunburst'ranged from39.65%to 68.62%.After drying in an oven at 25℃for 24 hours,the moisture content decreased to4.98%and 6.1%.The pollen viability of all varieties is above 40%.The yields of single anther pollen of 3 sweet cherry varieties as'Jimei','Sunburs' and'Van'are 2120,1952,and 2711 respectively.The amount of pollen produced from single flower was above 60.0×103,and the highest amount is from 'Van'which is 103.0×103.As to'Jimei'and 'Van',the amount is higher than 50.0×106.The sweet cherry pollen of'Jimei','Sunburst','Van'can maintain a more than 10%pollen viability at 4℃for 2.5 months;at low temperature-20℃andsuper low temperature-80℃in the cryogenic storage,pollen viability can maintain active for a year,and the storage effect of the two temperatures showed little difference.The 365-day pollen viability could be maintained at more than 14% before storage,and that of'Van'could reach 36.22%stored below-80℃.Sweet cherry pollen stored in anther form during long-term storage showed better storage stability,and its annual storage at low temperature was the best.The best temperature was-20℃ when stored at low temperature.'Jimei','Sunburst'and'Van'are all suitable varieties for pollen production,and'Van'is the most suitable.
引文
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[12]朱莉英.GA3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2012,41(1):39-40.
[13]呼丽萍,施海燕,谢天柱.13个大樱桃品种的花粉量和花粉萌发率检测[J].中国果树,2011(2):71-72.
[14]张金梅,闫文君,李雪,等.桃花粉低温和超低温保存方法比较研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(4):670-675.
[15]李富生,林位夫,何顺长.不同无性系蔗茅抽穗开花特性的观察和花粉贮藏条件的研究[J].植物生理学报,2005,41(2):171-174.
[16]史锋厚,范蓉蓉,周婷,等.垂丝海棠花粉贮藏特性研究[J].经济林研究,2013,31(4):190-194.
[17]刘珠琴,方振,赵秀花,等.中国樱桃不同品种花粉量及花粉萌发特性[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(2):216-217.
[18]冯莎莎,姚太梅,刘畅.冀西北地区日光温室条件下甜樱桃花粉生活力和花粉行为的研究[J].北方园艺,2014(3):44-47.
[19]GF Safina,NG Tikhonova,VG Verzhuk,et al.Storage influence of apple and cherry pollen at low and ultralow temperatures on its viability[J].Problems of Cryobiology,2005,15(4):671-674.
[2]刘遵春,豁泽春,杨朝霞.樱桃优质丰产高效栽培技术[M].中国农业出版社,2015:1-3.
[3]吕秀兰,刘杨青,周永清,等.四川不同生态区甜樱桃果实经济性状及品质分析[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(3):75-76.
[4]冯国明.提高设施樱桃坐果率的措施[J].果农之友,2016(1):36-36.
[5]张玲玲,李千惠,徐品馨,等.不同品种观赏海棠花粉量及花粉活力的测定[J].江苏林业科技,2017,44(5):14-17.
[6]贾冬梅.果树花粉的采集与贮存保鲜[J].中国果菜,2001(1):27-27.
[7]满红,张成合,王新娥,等.4x菜薹与4x芥蓝种间杂交获得异源四倍体及其鉴定[J].园艺学报,2007,34(5):1163-1168.
[8]魏国芹,孙玉刚,安淼,等.甜樱桃7个品种花粉数量及花粉萌芽率测定[J].华北农学报,2010,25(b12):123-127.
[9]王小敏,吴文龙,李维林,等.黑莓花粉含水量与贮藏特性的研究[C]//江苏省植物学会2012年学术年会,2012.
[10]呼丽萍,施海燕.甜樱桃的花粉生活力研究[J].落叶果树,2013,45(5):18-20.
[11]Koyuncu F,Güc LüF.Effect of temperature on in vitro pollen germination and tube growth in sweet cherries[J].American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science,2009(5):520-525.
[12]朱莉英.GA3对含笑花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响[J].亚热带植物科学,2012,41(1):39-40.
[13]呼丽萍,施海燕,谢天柱.13个大樱桃品种的花粉量和花粉萌发率检测[J].中国果树,2011(2):71-72.
[14]张金梅,闫文君,李雪,等.桃花粉低温和超低温保存方法比较研究[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(4):670-675.
[15]李富生,林位夫,何顺长.不同无性系蔗茅抽穗开花特性的观察和花粉贮藏条件的研究[J].植物生理学报,2005,41(2):171-174.
[16]史锋厚,范蓉蓉,周婷,等.垂丝海棠花粉贮藏特性研究[J].经济林研究,2013,31(4):190-194.
[17]刘珠琴,方振,赵秀花,等.中国樱桃不同品种花粉量及花粉萌发特性[J].浙江农业科学,2017,58(2):216-217.
[18]冯莎莎,姚太梅,刘畅.冀西北地区日光温室条件下甜樱桃花粉生活力和花粉行为的研究[J].北方园艺,2014(3):44-47.
[19]GF Safina,NG Tikhonova,VG Verzhuk,et al.Storage influence of apple and cherry pollen at low and ultralow temperatures on its viability[J].Problems of Cryobiology,2005,15(4):671-674.