生物质炭改良生物滞留系统去除氮素的试验研究
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摘要
雨水生物滞留系统是路面雨水径流净化的主要技术措施之一。利用土柱模拟试验,通过向人工配制的砂壤土中添加不同含量的生物质炭(0、2%、4%、6%),并模拟路面雨水径流淋滤,分析去除氮素污染物的效果及影响因素。结果表明,生物质炭的添加量达到2%以上时,可显著增大对路面降雨径流中TN、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N的削减率。生物质炭添加量对TN的去除效果影响不大,但是对NH_4~+-N的去除效果明显优于NO_3~--N。同时发现,路面雨水径流污染负荷、落干期、植物均会不同程度影响生物滞留系统对氮素污染物的去除效果。
Stormwater bioretention system is one of the main technical measures to purify road runoff. Simulated experiment was carried out in soil columns by adding different amounts of biochar (0,2%,4% and 6%). Leaching of road runoff was simulated,and effects of nitrogen removal and influencing factors were investigated. The results showed that the removal rates of TN,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N could be significantly increased when the dosage of biochar was more than 2%. Moreover,the dosage of biochar had little effect on TN removal,but it had significantly better removal efficiency of NH_4~+-N than that of NO_3~--N. It was also found that concentration of pollutants,dry period and plants all affected the removal efficiency of nitrogen pollutants by stormwater bioretention system to some extent.
Stormwater bioretention system is one of the main technical measures to purify road runoff. Simulated experiment was carried out in soil columns by adding different amounts of biochar (0,2%,4% and 6%). Leaching of road runoff was simulated,and effects of nitrogen removal and influencing factors were investigated. The results showed that the removal rates of TN,NH_4~+-N and NO_3~--N could be significantly increased when the dosage of biochar was more than 2%. Moreover,the dosage of biochar had little effect on TN removal,but it had significantly better removal efficiency of NH_4~+-N than that of NO_3~--N. It was also found that concentration of pollutants,dry period and plants all affected the removal efficiency of nitrogen pollutants by stormwater bioretention system to some extent.
引文
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[17]Barrett M E,Limouzin M,Lawler D F.Effects of media and plant selection on biofiltration performance[J].JEnviron Eng,2013,139(4):462-470.
[2]李家科,刘增超,黄宁俊,等.低影响开发(LID)生物滞留技术研究进展[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):431-439.Li Jiake,Liu Zengchao,Huang Ningjun,et al.Advance in the study on bioretention technology for low-impact development[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):431-439(in Chinese).
[3]Davis A P,Hunt W F,Traver R,et al.Bioretention technology:Overview of current practice and future needs[J].J Environ Eng,2009,135(3):109-117.
[4]Collins K A,Lawrence T J,Stander E K,et al.Opportunities and challenges for managing nitrogen in urban stormwater:A review and synthesis[J].Ecol Eng,2010,36(11):1507-1519.
[5]Li L,Davis A P.Urban stormwater runoff nitrogen composition and fate in bioretention systems[J].Environ Sci Technol,2014,48(6):3403-3410.
[6]宋延静,龚骏.施用生物质炭对土壤生态系统功能的影响[J].鲁东大学学报:自然科学版,2010,26(4):361-365.Song Yanjing,Gong Jun.Effects of biochar application on soil ecosystem functions[J].Ludong University Journal:Natural Science Edition,2010,26(4):361-365(in Chinese).
[7]张千千,李向全,王效科,等.城市路面降雨径流污染特征及源解析的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(2):352-358.Zhang Qianqian,Li Xiangquan,Wang Xiaoke,et al.Research advance in the characterization and source apportionment of pollutants in urban roadway runoff[J].Ecology and Environment Sciences,2014,23(2):352-358(in Chinese).
[8]侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究[J].环境科学,2012,33(1):71-75.Hou Peiqiang,Ren Yufen,Wang Xiaoke,et al.Research on evaluation of water quality of Beijing urban stormwater runoff[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(1):71-75(in Chinese).
[9]刘芳,侯立柱.土壤渗滤介质系统去除雨水径流污染物[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(12):4294-4298.Liu Fang,Hou Lizhu.Removal of stormwater runoff pollutants by medium soil infiltration system[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2012,6(12):4294-4298(in Chinese).
[10]Hatt B E,Fletcher T D,Deletic A.Hydrologic and pollutant removal performance of stormwater biofiltration systems at the field scale[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,365(3/4):310-321.
[11]朱继荣,韦绪好,祝鹏飞,等.施用生物炭抑制塌陷区复垦土壤硝化作用[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):264-271.Zhu Jirong,Wei Xuhao,Zhu Pengfei,et al.Biochar addition inhibiting nitrification of reclaimed soils in coalmining subsidence area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(7):264-271(in Chinese).
[12]Kolb S E,Fermanich K J,Dornbush M E,et al.Effect of charcoal quantity on microbial biomass and activity in temperate soils[J].Soil Sci Soc Am J,2009,73(4):1173-1181.
[13]罗艳红.雨水生物滞留设施对道路径流中氮磷的控制效果研究及应用[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2013.Luo Yanhong.The Study of Removal Nutrient in Road Runoff and Application Research of Engineering Bioretention[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2013(in Chinese).
[14]张建强,许萍,何俊超.生物滞留池去除道路径流雨水中氮磷的原理及研究现状[J].市政技术,2015,33(3):128-132.Zhang Jianqiang,Xu Ping,He Junchao.Principle and research status of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from rainwater with bioretention cell[J].Municipal Engineering Technology,2015,33(3):128-132(in Chinese).
[15]Lucas W C,Margaret G.Nutrient retention in vegetated and nonvegetated bioretention mesocosms[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2008,134(5):613-623.
[16]Read J,Fletcher T D,Wevill T,et al.Plant traits that enhance pollutant removal from stormwater in biofiltration systems[J].Int J Phytorem,2010,12(1):34-53.
[17]Barrett M E,Limouzin M,Lawler D F.Effects of media and plant selection on biofiltration performance[J].JEnviron Eng,2013,139(4):462-470.