合肥梅雨季节大气污染物分布特征的激光雷达探测
|
摘要
利用AML-2型车载测污激光雷达测得的合肥梅雨季节大气污染物的监测数据,研究梅雨季节对流层大气气溶胶和臭氧的时空分布特征,对比分析雨水对大气污染物消减的影响。结果表明:梅雨季节气溶胶的消光系数较小,且随着高度增大呈递减的趋势,在0.5km高度处,多天的消光系数为0.1～0.18km~(-1);持续降水对气溶胶浓度具有显著的消减作用,梅雨季节之前和梅雨季节气溶胶消光系数的均值分别为0.37km~(-1)和0.14km~(-1);梅雨季节臭氧的时空变化特征明显,臭氧浓度随高度的增大而逐渐减小,臭氧浓度的日差异较大,2008年6月20日和24日,0.4km高度处臭氧质量浓度相差59.5μg/m~3;与梅雨季节之前相比,梅雨季节的臭氧浓度大幅减小,相同高度处臭氧质量浓度均值的差值可达41.8μg/m~3。
By analyzing monitoring data of atmospheric pollutions in Meiyu season measured by AML-2 mobile lidar,we study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in troposphere over Hefei in Meiyu season,and analyze the effect of precipitation on pollution reduction.The results show that the aerosol extinction coefficient is small in Meiyu season and decreases with the increase of altitude on the whole.At 0.5 km,the extinction coefficient is from 0.1 km~(-1) to 0.18 km~(-1) in multiple days in Meiyu season.Continuous precipitation plays a significant role in reducing aerosol concentration,the mean aerosol extinction coefficient before Meiyu season and in Meiyu season is 0.37 km~(-1) and 0.14 km~(-1),respectively.The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ozone are obvious in Meiyu season.The ozone concentration decreases with the increase of altitude and shows large daily variation.In June 20 and 24,2008,the difference of mass concentration of ozone at 0.4 km is about 59.5μg/m~3.Compared with concentration of ozone before Meiyu season,the concentration in Meiyu season is greatly reduced with the maximum difference up to 41.8μg/m~3 at the same height.
By analyzing monitoring data of atmospheric pollutions in Meiyu season measured by AML-2 mobile lidar,we study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol and ozone in troposphere over Hefei in Meiyu season,and analyze the effect of precipitation on pollution reduction.The results show that the aerosol extinction coefficient is small in Meiyu season and decreases with the increase of altitude on the whole.At 0.5 km,the extinction coefficient is from 0.1 km~(-1) to 0.18 km~(-1) in multiple days in Meiyu season.Continuous precipitation plays a significant role in reducing aerosol concentration,the mean aerosol extinction coefficient before Meiyu season and in Meiyu season is 0.37 km~(-1) and 0.14 km~(-1),respectively.The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of ozone are obvious in Meiyu season.The ozone concentration decreases with the increase of altitude and shows large daily variation.In June 20 and 24,2008,the difference of mass concentration of ozone at 0.4 km is about 59.5μg/m~3.Compared with concentration of ozone before Meiyu season,the concentration in Meiyu season is greatly reduced with the maximum difference up to 41.8μg/m~3 at the same height.
引文
[1]de Sonoulepnikoff L,Mitev V,Simeonov V,et al.Experimental investigation of high-power single-pass Raman shifters in the ultraviolet with Nd…YAG and KrF lasers[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(21):5026-5043.
[2]Ma X M,Zhang H,Shan H H,et al.Statistical distribution of aerosol backscattering coefficient profiles in near-ground at west suburb of Hefei in2014[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(7):0705001.麻晓敏,张辉,单会会,等.合肥西郊2014年近地面气溶胶后向散射系数廓线统计分布[J].中国激光,2016,43(7):0705001.
[3]Proffitt M H,Langford A O.Ground-based differential absorption lidar system for day or night measurements of ozone throughout the free troposphere[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(12):2568-2585.
[4]Wang Z E,Nakane H,Hu H L,et al.Threewavelength dual differential absorption lidar method for stratospheric ozone measurements in the presence of volcanic aerosols[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(6):1245-1252.
[5]Liu Y,Wang M X,Zhang R J.The present status of aerosol research in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,1999,4(4):406-414.刘毅,王明星,张仁健.中国气溶胶研究进展[J].气候与环境研究,1999,4(4):406-414.
[6]Dong X B,Yang J,Yang Y,et al.Microphysical characteristics in the vertical direction of atmospheric aerosol particles of north China during the heavy haze process background[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(2):204-211.董晓波,杨军,杨洋,等.华北重度霾过程期间大气气溶胶粒子的微物理垂直特征[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(2):204-211.
[7]Shen J,Cao N W.Inversion of tropospheric aerosol extinction coefficient profile by Mie-Raman scattering lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(6):0610003.沈吉,曹念文.米-拉曼散射激光雷达反演对流层气溶胶消光系数廓线[J].中国激光,2017,44(6):0610003.
[8]Liu C,Su L,Zhang C Y,et al.Comparative analysis of vertical distribution of aerosols by using spaceborne lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(4):0413001.刘聪,苏林,张朝阳,等.星载激光雷达对气溶胶垂直分布的对比分析[J].中国激光,2015,42(4):0413001.
[9]Wang G C,Kong Q X,Chen H B,et al.Characteristics of ozone vertical distribution in the atmosphere over Beijing[J].Advances in Earth Science,2004,19(5):743-748.王庚辰,孔琴心,陈洪滨,等.北京上空大气臭氧垂直分布的特征[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(5):743-748.
[10]Liu M,Wang C,Hou L,et al.Spatial-temporal patterns and variation trend of ozone pollution in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):126-131.刘闽,王闯,侯乐,等.沈阳臭氧污染时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):126-131.
[11]Ge Z Q,Hu H L,Hu S X,et al.Variation of stratospheric ozone profiles over Hefei during 1998-2001[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2007,2(4):263-267.葛战旗,胡欢陵,胡顺星,等.1998~2001年合肥地区平流层臭氧浓度垂直廓线变化特征[J].大气与环境光学学报,2007,2(4):263-267.
[12]Fernald F G.Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:some comments[J].Applied Optics,1984,23(5):652-653.
[13]Nakazato M,Nagai T,Sakai T,et al.Tropospheric ozone differential-absorption lidar using stimulated Raman scattering in carbon dioxide[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(12):2269-2279.
[14]Kovalev V A,McElroy J L.Differential absorption lidar measurement of vertical ozone profiles in the troposphere that contains aerosol layers with strong backscattering gradients:a simplified version[J].Applied Optics,1994,33(36):8393-8401.
[15]McDermid I S,Godin S M,Lindqvist L O.Groundbased laser DIAL system for long-term measurements of stratospheric ozone[J].Applied Optics,1990,29(25):3603-3612.
[16]Zhang G X,Zhang Y C,Hu S X,et al.Measurements of planetary boundary layer aerosols with mobile lidar AML-1[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2004,16(3):286-290.张改霞,张寅超,胡顺星,等.AML-1车载测污激光雷达探测大气边界层气溶胶[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(3):286-290.
[17]Zhang G X,Zhang Y C,Hu S X,et al.Slant measurements of atmospheric boundary layer aerosol with mobile lidar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2004,24(8):1015-1019.张改霞,张寅超,胡顺星,等.车载测污激光雷达对大气边界层气溶胶的斜程探测[J].光学学报,2004,24(8):1015-1019.
[18]Qu K F,Zhang Y C,Tao Z M,et al.Measurement of surface ozone with mobile lidar system[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2006,23(3):365-368.屈凯峰,张寅超,陶宗明,等.车载测污激光雷达探测近地面层臭氧[J].量子电子学报,2006,23(3):365-368.
[19]Zhang X Z,Chen W T,Huang Y,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Jiangsu province during 2013-2016[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):50-59.张祥志,陈文泰,黄樱,等.江苏省2013-2016年臭氧时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):50-59.
[20]Wang Z S,Li Y T,Chen T,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4446-4453.王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京市臭氧的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4446-4453.
[2]Ma X M,Zhang H,Shan H H,et al.Statistical distribution of aerosol backscattering coefficient profiles in near-ground at west suburb of Hefei in2014[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2016,43(7):0705001.麻晓敏,张辉,单会会,等.合肥西郊2014年近地面气溶胶后向散射系数廓线统计分布[J].中国激光,2016,43(7):0705001.
[3]Proffitt M H,Langford A O.Ground-based differential absorption lidar system for day or night measurements of ozone throughout the free troposphere[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(12):2568-2585.
[4]Wang Z E,Nakane H,Hu H L,et al.Threewavelength dual differential absorption lidar method for stratospheric ozone measurements in the presence of volcanic aerosols[J].Applied Optics,1997,36(6):1245-1252.
[5]Liu Y,Wang M X,Zhang R J.The present status of aerosol research in China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,1999,4(4):406-414.刘毅,王明星,张仁健.中国气溶胶研究进展[J].气候与环境研究,1999,4(4):406-414.
[6]Dong X B,Yang J,Yang Y,et al.Microphysical characteristics in the vertical direction of atmospheric aerosol particles of north China during the heavy haze process background[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(2):204-211.董晓波,杨军,杨洋,等.华北重度霾过程期间大气气溶胶粒子的微物理垂直特征[J].科学技术与工程,2018,18(2):204-211.
[7]Shen J,Cao N W.Inversion of tropospheric aerosol extinction coefficient profile by Mie-Raman scattering lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2017,44(6):0610003.沈吉,曹念文.米-拉曼散射激光雷达反演对流层气溶胶消光系数廓线[J].中国激光,2017,44(6):0610003.
[8]Liu C,Su L,Zhang C Y,et al.Comparative analysis of vertical distribution of aerosols by using spaceborne lidar[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2015,42(4):0413001.刘聪,苏林,张朝阳,等.星载激光雷达对气溶胶垂直分布的对比分析[J].中国激光,2015,42(4):0413001.
[9]Wang G C,Kong Q X,Chen H B,et al.Characteristics of ozone vertical distribution in the atmosphere over Beijing[J].Advances in Earth Science,2004,19(5):743-748.王庚辰,孔琴心,陈洪滨,等.北京上空大气臭氧垂直分布的特征[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(5):743-748.
[10]Liu M,Wang C,Hou L,et al.Spatial-temporal patterns and variation trend of ozone pollution in Shenyang[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):126-131.刘闽,王闯,侯乐,等.沈阳臭氧污染时空分布特征及变化趋势[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):126-131.
[11]Ge Z Q,Hu H L,Hu S X,et al.Variation of stratospheric ozone profiles over Hefei during 1998-2001[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2007,2(4):263-267.葛战旗,胡欢陵,胡顺星,等.1998~2001年合肥地区平流层臭氧浓度垂直廓线变化特征[J].大气与环境光学学报,2007,2(4):263-267.
[12]Fernald F G.Analysis of atmospheric lidar observations:some comments[J].Applied Optics,1984,23(5):652-653.
[13]Nakazato M,Nagai T,Sakai T,et al.Tropospheric ozone differential-absorption lidar using stimulated Raman scattering in carbon dioxide[J].Applied Optics,2007,46(12):2269-2279.
[14]Kovalev V A,McElroy J L.Differential absorption lidar measurement of vertical ozone profiles in the troposphere that contains aerosol layers with strong backscattering gradients:a simplified version[J].Applied Optics,1994,33(36):8393-8401.
[15]McDermid I S,Godin S M,Lindqvist L O.Groundbased laser DIAL system for long-term measurements of stratospheric ozone[J].Applied Optics,1990,29(25):3603-3612.
[16]Zhang G X,Zhang Y C,Hu S X,et al.Measurements of planetary boundary layer aerosols with mobile lidar AML-1[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2004,16(3):286-290.张改霞,张寅超,胡顺星,等.AML-1车载测污激光雷达探测大气边界层气溶胶[J].强激光与粒子束,2004,16(3):286-290.
[17]Zhang G X,Zhang Y C,Hu S X,et al.Slant measurements of atmospheric boundary layer aerosol with mobile lidar[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2004,24(8):1015-1019.张改霞,张寅超,胡顺星,等.车载测污激光雷达对大气边界层气溶胶的斜程探测[J].光学学报,2004,24(8):1015-1019.
[18]Qu K F,Zhang Y C,Tao Z M,et al.Measurement of surface ozone with mobile lidar system[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2006,23(3):365-368.屈凯峰,张寅超,陶宗明,等.车载测污激光雷达探测近地面层臭氧[J].量子电子学报,2006,23(3):365-368.
[19]Zhang X Z,Chen W T,Huang Y,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Jiangsu province during 2013-2016[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2017,33(4):50-59.张祥志,陈文泰,黄樱,等.江苏省2013-2016年臭氧时空分布特征[J].中国环境监测,2017,33(4):50-59.
[20]Wang Z S,Li Y T,Chen T,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of ozone in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4446-4453.王占山,李云婷,陈添,等.北京市臭氧的时空分布特征[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4446-4453.