抑制雪梨腐烂的拮抗菌的筛选及效果研究
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摘要
为了探究抑制雪梨腐烂的拮抗菌的拮抗效果,采用稀释涂布平板法,分析腐烂雪梨表面真菌群落结构,并从新鲜雪梨表皮筛选拮抗菌,研究拮抗效能.结果表明,在采后的腐烂雪梨表面,共分离出10株真菌,其中青霉属(Penicillium)是优势菌属,占80%,毛霉属(Mucor)和胶霉属(Gliocladium)其次.采用菌丝体牙签接种法发现,Penicillium是引起雪梨腐烂的主要致腐菌.通过离体实验发现酵母菌Sac1、Sac2和Sac3作为拮抗菌对某些主要致腐菌有拮抗效果.在确定最佳拮抗效果的酵母菌浓度试验中,浓度为75%的Sac2对Pen6的拮抗效果最好;浓度为50%和75%的Sac3对Pen7的拮抗效果最好,浓度为25%的Sac1对Pen5的拮抗效果最好.因此利用酵母菌作为拮抗菌的生物防治技术来预防水果腐烂是可行的,为水果防腐提供理论依据.
In order to explore the antagonistic effect of antagonistic bacteria against Sydney rot,the fungal community structure from rotted Sydney surface was analyzed by dilution coat plate method,and antagonistic bacteria were screened from fresh Sydney epidermis to study the antagonistic efficacy. The results showed that 10 strains of fungi were isolated from rotted Sydney surface,of which Penicillium was the dominant genus,accounting for 80%,followed by Mucor and Gliocladium. Using the mycelium toothpick inoculation method,the results showed that Penicillium was the main rot causing Sydney rot. Through in vitro experiments,Sac1,Sac2 and Sac3 as antagonistic bacteria were gained effect against some major rot-causing bacteria. Determination of the best antagonistic effect in the yeast concentration test,Sac2 at a concentration of 75% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen6; Sac3 at 50% and 75% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen7,and Sac1 at a concentration of 25% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen5. Therefore,it is feasible to use yeast as biological control technology of antagonistic bacteria to prevent fruit rot,and theoretical basis for fruit preservation is provided.
In order to explore the antagonistic effect of antagonistic bacteria against Sydney rot,the fungal community structure from rotted Sydney surface was analyzed by dilution coat plate method,and antagonistic bacteria were screened from fresh Sydney epidermis to study the antagonistic efficacy. The results showed that 10 strains of fungi were isolated from rotted Sydney surface,of which Penicillium was the dominant genus,accounting for 80%,followed by Mucor and Gliocladium. Using the mycelium toothpick inoculation method,the results showed that Penicillium was the main rot causing Sydney rot. Through in vitro experiments,Sac1,Sac2 and Sac3 as antagonistic bacteria were gained effect against some major rot-causing bacteria. Determination of the best antagonistic effect in the yeast concentration test,Sac2 at a concentration of 75% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen6; Sac3 at 50% and 75% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen7,and Sac1 at a concentration of 25% had the best antagonistic effect against Pen5. Therefore,it is feasible to use yeast as biological control technology of antagonistic bacteria to prevent fruit rot,and theoretical basis for fruit preservation is provided.
引文
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[2]侯玉婷,施威,孔令云,等.采后水果保鲜技术研究进展[J].食品工业,2015,36(08):226-231.
[3]刘大苗.相温库热工性能评价与应用研究[D].天津科技大学,2016.
[4]王振,刘敏学,李立军.水果产后病害生物防治研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(05):683-691.
[5]韦莹莹,毛淑波,屠康.果蔬采后病害生物防治的研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,2012,35(05):183-189.
[6]赵利娜.海藻糖诱导P.caribbica对草莓、桃果和苹果采后病害的防治效应及其机制的研究[D].江苏大学,2012.
[7]张大为,张洁,李猛.分离引起柑橘腐烂、霉变的微生物及生物防治[J].生物加工过程,2011,9(04):54-57.
[8]付瑞敏.解淀粉芽胞杆菌生物防治扩展青霉的机制及苹果采摘后防腐保鲜技术研究[D].西北大学,2016.
[9]张居念,林河通,谢联辉,等.龙眼果实潜伏性病原真菌的初步研究[J].热带作物学报,2006,(04):78-82.
[10]徐占利.梨果采后病害新型拮抗菌分离、筛选及安全性研究[D].江苏大学,2010.
[11]类彦波.水果蔬菜中农药残留的气相色谱法研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,2015(19):17-19.
[12]鲁宁琳,刘哲聪.水果无公害贮藏保鲜技术[J].中国果菜,2016,36(12):01-04.
[13]王晓雪,沈艳,苏小莉,等.发霉墙体微生物群落组成分析及其防治方法[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2017,33(02):108-112.
[14]董磊,李敏,郭绍霞.玫瑰园AM真菌物种多样性的初步研究[J].青岛农业大学学报:自然科学版,2012,29(03):157-163.
[15]李鹏霞.两种植物精油对采后水果的保鲜作用研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2006.
[16]巩文峰.苹果采后病害拮抗酵母菌的分离、筛选及其防治研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2007.
[17]宋聪.果实采后病害拮抗菌的分离筛选及其抑菌效果的研究[D].重庆大学,2007.
[18]胡忠亮,郑催云,田兴一,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌在环境保护和农业生产中的应用[J].农药,2016,55(04):241-245.
[19]张慜,冯彦君.果蔬生物保鲜新技术及其研究进展[J].食品与生物技术学报,2017(05):449-455.