基于社交媒体的城市旅游区特征分析——以苏州市为例
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摘要
提出以面状旅游区为分析单元的新方法。首先从海量社交媒体数据中提取个体旅游时空行为,然后基于行为计算城市的旅游区结构,最后分析旅游区的游客行为特征和游客客源特征,以旅游区为节点、旅游区之间的旅游流为关系构建旅游区网络,并分析其结构特征。在对苏州市的实证研究中,基于行为计算得到7个旅游区,这一结果与苏州市旅游规划中的"一核一带三区"空间格局基本上一致。对苏州市旅游区的特征分析表明:1)古城和古镇是苏州市旅游的核心区域,游客分散且距离远;2)苏州城区及附近的旅游区更能吸引跨旅游区的旅游行为;3)苏州旅游区网络已经形成多中心结构。通过实证研究,验证了基于社交媒体数据计算城市旅游区结构和以面状旅游区为分析单元研究城市旅游的有效性,为城市旅游研究提供新思路。
A new method is proposed using area feature-tourism districts as analysis unit. Firstly, spatial-temporal behaviors of individual tourists are extracted from social media data. Secondly, the city's tourism districts are extracted based on spatial-temporal behaviors. Finally, tourism districts are analyzed by 3 kinds of features — ourist activity features, tourist origin features and the structure features of tourism district network using tourism districts as nodes and tourist flow as edges. In the empirical research of Suzhou, 7 tourism districts are extracted based on spatial-temporal behaviors. The spatial structure of tourism districts is generally the same as "1-core-1-corridor-3-district" pattern in Suzhou tourism planning. The feature analysis of Suzhou tourism districts indicates that the Ancient City Tourism District and the Ancient Town Tourism District are the core tourism districts, which attracts tourists from various and distant origins. The tourism districts in and near Suzhou urban area attract more tourists.Suzhou tourism districts have already formed into a multi-core structure. This research shows the effectiveness of extracting city's tourism districts based on social media data and researching city's tourism with tourism districts as analysis unit, providing a new approach for research on urban tourism.
A new method is proposed using area feature-tourism districts as analysis unit. Firstly, spatial-temporal behaviors of individual tourists are extracted from social media data. Secondly, the city's tourism districts are extracted based on spatial-temporal behaviors. Finally, tourism districts are analyzed by 3 kinds of features — ourist activity features, tourist origin features and the structure features of tourism district network using tourism districts as nodes and tourist flow as edges. In the empirical research of Suzhou, 7 tourism districts are extracted based on spatial-temporal behaviors. The spatial structure of tourism districts is generally the same as "1-core-1-corridor-3-district" pattern in Suzhou tourism planning. The feature analysis of Suzhou tourism districts indicates that the Ancient City Tourism District and the Ancient Town Tourism District are the core tourism districts, which attracts tourists from various and distant origins. The tourism districts in and near Suzhou urban area attract more tourists.Suzhou tourism districts have already formed into a multi-core structure. This research shows the effectiveness of extracting city's tourism districts based on social media data and researching city's tourism with tourism districts as analysis unit, providing a new approach for research on urban tourism.
引文
[1]郑嬗婷,陆林,章锦河,等.近十年国外城市旅游研究进展.经济地理,2006,26(4):686?692
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[13]杨兴柱,顾朝林,王群.南京市旅游流网络结构构建.地理学报,2007,62(6):609?620
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[16]贺小荣,李宗幸,李启明,等.基于数字足迹的风景名胜区旅游者时空结构特征研究--以赴张家界景区的旅游者为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2018,41(1):11?17
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[18]Ardizzone E,Miceli F D,La Cascia M,et al.Extracting touristic information from online image collections//Eighth International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems.Naples:IEEE,2013:482?488
[19]Yang L,Wu L,Liu Y,et al.Quantifying tourist behavior patterns by travel motifs and geo-tagged photos from Flickr.ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(11):doi:10.3390/ijgi6110345
[20]Xi Y L,Wang F,Wu B,et al.A social network analysis of overseas tourist movement patterns in beijing:the impact of the Olympic games.International Journal of Tourism Research,2012,14(5):469-484
[21]王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,等.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式--以武汉自助游为例.经济地理,2016,36(6):176?184
[22]Tang J,Li J.Spatial network of urban tourist flow in Xi’an based on microblog big data.Journal of China Tourism Research,2016,12(1):1?19
[23]张妍妍,李君轶,杨敏.基于旅游数字足迹的西安旅游流网络结构研究.人文地理,2014(4):111?118
[24]Dredge D.Destination place planning and design.Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):772?791
[25]厉新建,张凌云,崔莉.全域旅游:建设世界一流旅游目的地的理念创新--以北京为例.人文地理,2013(3):130?134
[26]卞显红.城市旅游空间结构研究.地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(1):105?108
[27]Ester M,Kriegel H P,Xu X.A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise//International Conference Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Portland,1996:226?231
[28]Powers D M.Evaluation:from precision,recall and F-measure to ROC,informedness,markedness and correlation.Journal of Machine Learning Technologies,2011,2(1):37?63
[29]Shao H,Zhang Y,Li W.Extraction and analysis of city’s tourism districts based on social media data.Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2017,65:66?78
[30]Pearce D G.Tourist districts in Paris:structure and functions.Tourism Management,1998,19(1):49?65
[31]Girvan M,Newman M E J.Community structure in social and biological networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2002,99(12):7821?7826
[32]Clauset A,Newman M E,Moore C.Finding community structure in very large networks.Phys Rev EStat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys,2004,70(2):066111
[33]保继刚,郑海燕,戴光全.桂林国内客源市场的空间结构演变.地理学报,2002,57(1):96?106
[34]Smith S L J.Tourism analysis:a handbook.Harlow:Longman,1995:209?221
[35]保继刚,楚义芳.旅游地理学(修订版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999:16?23,54?55
[36]赵荣,王斌,张结魁.西安市国内游客旅游行为研究.经济地理,2001,32(增刊1):429?432
[37]黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究--以北京颐和园为例.旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82?87
[38]Lu X,Wang C,Yang J M,et al.Photo2Trip:generating travel routes from geo-tagged photos for trip planning//ACM International Conference on Multimedia.Firenze:ACM,2010:143?152
[39]车自力,杜忠潮.森林公园游客结构及旅游行为特征比较研究--陕西省延安、太白山、褒河森林公园实证分析.西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):211?215
[40]翁莉.上海城郊景区旅游者重游行为分析.旅游科学,2005,19(2):33?37
[41]Scott J,Carrington P J.The SAGE handbook of social network analysis.London:SAGE Publications,2011
[42]Borgatti S P,Everett M G.A graph-theoretic perspective on centrality.Social Networks,2006,28(4):466?484
[43]Borgatti S P,Everett M G.Models of core/periphery structures.Social Networks,2000,21(4):375?395
[44]Veld D I,Lelyveld I V.Finding the core:network structure in interbank markets.Journal of Banking&Finance,2014,49:27?40
[45]刘法建,章锦河,陈冬冬.社会网络分析在旅游研究中的应用.旅游论坛,2009,2(2):172?177
[2]Smith S L J.Dictionary of concepts in recreation and leisure studies.Westport:Greenwood Publishing Group,1990
[3]Pearce D G.Tourism today:a geographical analysis.Harlow:Longman Scientific&Technical,1995
[4]Law C M.Urban tourism:attracting visitors to large cities.London:Mansell Publishing,1993
[5]Mckercher B.Segment transformation in urban tourism.Tourism Management,2008,29(6):1215?1225
[6]杨新军,马晓龙.大西安旅游圈:国内旅游客源空间分析与构建.地理研究,2004,23(5):695?704
[7]万绪才,丁登山,马永立,等.旅游客源市场结构分析--以南京市为例.人文地理,1998(3):74?79
[8]Mckercher B,Gigi L.Movement patterns of tourists within a destination.Tourism Geographies,2008,10(3):355?374
[9]张骏,古风,卢凤萍.城市旅游空间行为路径分析及优化--以南京市为例.地理与地理信息科学,2011,27(1):85?89
[10]Shoval N,Raveh A.Categorization of tourist attractions and the modeling of tourist cities:based on the co-plot method of multivariate analysis.Tourism Management,2004,25(6):741?750
[11]Modsching M,Kramer R,Hagen K T,et al.Using location-based tracking data to analyze the movements of city tourists.Information Technology&Tourism,2008,10(1):31?42
[12]Hsinyu S.Network characteristics of drive tourism destinations:an application of network analysis in tourism.Tourism Management,2006,27(5):1029?1039
[13]杨兴柱,顾朝林,王群.南京市旅游流网络结构构建.地理学报,2007,62(6):609?620
[14]Lu W,Stepchenkova S.User-generated content as a research mode in tourism and hospitality applications:topics,methods,and software.Journal of Hospitality Marketing&Management,2015,24(2):119?154
[15]王茜雅,张建新,刘培学,等.大数据视角下城市客源市场空间结构动态研究--以南京市为例.资源开发与市场,2018,34(1):77?82
[16]贺小荣,李宗幸,李启明,等.基于数字足迹的风景名胜区旅游者时空结构特征研究--以赴张家界景区的旅游者为例.湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2018,41(1):11?17
[17]Girardin F,Calabrese F,Fiore F D,et al.Digital footprinting:uncovering tourists with user-generated content.IEEE Pervasive Computing,2008,7(4):36?43
[18]Ardizzone E,Miceli F D,La Cascia M,et al.Extracting touristic information from online image collections//Eighth International Conference on Signal Image Technology and Internet Based Systems.Naples:IEEE,2013:482?488
[19]Yang L,Wu L,Liu Y,et al.Quantifying tourist behavior patterns by travel motifs and geo-tagged photos from Flickr.ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information,2017,6(11):doi:10.3390/ijgi6110345
[20]Xi Y L,Wang F,Wu B,et al.A social network analysis of overseas tourist movement patterns in beijing:the impact of the Olympic games.International Journal of Tourism Research,2012,14(5):469-484
[21]王娟,胡静,贾垚焱,等.城市旅游流的网络结构特征及流动方式--以武汉自助游为例.经济地理,2016,36(6):176?184
[22]Tang J,Li J.Spatial network of urban tourist flow in Xi’an based on microblog big data.Journal of China Tourism Research,2016,12(1):1?19
[23]张妍妍,李君轶,杨敏.基于旅游数字足迹的西安旅游流网络结构研究.人文地理,2014(4):111?118
[24]Dredge D.Destination place planning and design.Annals of Tourism Research,1999,26(4):772?791
[25]厉新建,张凌云,崔莉.全域旅游:建设世界一流旅游目的地的理念创新--以北京为例.人文地理,2013(3):130?134
[26]卞显红.城市旅游空间结构研究.地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(1):105?108
[27]Ester M,Kriegel H P,Xu X.A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise//International Conference Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.Portland,1996:226?231
[28]Powers D M.Evaluation:from precision,recall and F-measure to ROC,informedness,markedness and correlation.Journal of Machine Learning Technologies,2011,2(1):37?63
[29]Shao H,Zhang Y,Li W.Extraction and analysis of city’s tourism districts based on social media data.Computers Environment&Urban Systems,2017,65:66?78
[30]Pearce D G.Tourist districts in Paris:structure and functions.Tourism Management,1998,19(1):49?65
[31]Girvan M,Newman M E J.Community structure in social and biological networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2002,99(12):7821?7826
[32]Clauset A,Newman M E,Moore C.Finding community structure in very large networks.Phys Rev EStat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys,2004,70(2):066111
[33]保继刚,郑海燕,戴光全.桂林国内客源市场的空间结构演变.地理学报,2002,57(1):96?106
[34]Smith S L J.Tourism analysis:a handbook.Harlow:Longman,1995:209?221
[35]保继刚,楚义芳.旅游地理学(修订版).北京:高等教育出版社,1999:16?23,54?55
[36]赵荣,王斌,张结魁.西安市国内游客旅游行为研究.经济地理,2001,32(增刊1):429?432
[37]黄潇婷.基于时间地理学的景区旅游者时空行为模式研究--以北京颐和园为例.旅游学刊,2009,24(6):82?87
[38]Lu X,Wang C,Yang J M,et al.Photo2Trip:generating travel routes from geo-tagged photos for trip planning//ACM International Conference on Multimedia.Firenze:ACM,2010:143?152
[39]车自力,杜忠潮.森林公园游客结构及旅游行为特征比较研究--陕西省延安、太白山、褒河森林公园实证分析.西北林学院学报,2008,23(3):211?215
[40]翁莉.上海城郊景区旅游者重游行为分析.旅游科学,2005,19(2):33?37
[41]Scott J,Carrington P J.The SAGE handbook of social network analysis.London:SAGE Publications,2011
[42]Borgatti S P,Everett M G.A graph-theoretic perspective on centrality.Social Networks,2006,28(4):466?484
[43]Borgatti S P,Everett M G.Models of core/periphery structures.Social Networks,2000,21(4):375?395
[44]Veld D I,Lelyveld I V.Finding the core:network structure in interbank markets.Journal of Banking&Finance,2014,49:27?40
[45]刘法建,章锦河,陈冬冬.社会网络分析在旅游研究中的应用.旅游论坛,2009,2(2):172?177