受教育水平的城乡性别差异及其趋势的比较研究
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摘要
利用健康与营养调查数据库八个时点的数据,该研究致力于呈现我国低生育率时期劳动力群体受教育水平的城乡性别差异及其变化趋势,并对城乡两性群体中的家庭子女规模与受教育水平的相关关系及历时变化进行了计算与对比。研究结果表明,无论城镇还是乡村,随着家庭子女数的减少,受教育水平的性别平等化趋势越来越显著。然而,在同一性别群体中,教育的城乡平等化趋势不仅没有提升,甚至还有所降低;独生子女家庭中平均受教育水平的城乡差距明显大于其他多子女家庭,该特点在女性群体中的表现较男性更为突出。进一步的分析显示,生育水平的降低是女性受教育水平得以快速提升的主要原因之一。
Using data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) on 8 points,we want to show difference and its trend of education between genders and between urban and rural areas over the period of low fertility rate. And this paper also analyzes comparatively the change of relations between level of education and children number of family in different groups. The research shows,with the reduction of children number of family,the equalization trend of education level between male and female has been increasing in urban and rural areas. However,in the groups of same gender,the equalization trend of education level between urban and rural areas does not increase over the period. Moreover,the difference of educational level between city and countryside in one-child families is more significant than the difference among the multiple-child families,especially in the female groups. And the investigations also reveal that the reducing of the fertility rate plays an important role in the increasing of female educational level.
Using data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS) on 8 points,we want to show difference and its trend of education between genders and between urban and rural areas over the period of low fertility rate. And this paper also analyzes comparatively the change of relations between level of education and children number of family in different groups. The research shows,with the reduction of children number of family,the equalization trend of education level between male and female has been increasing in urban and rural areas. However,in the groups of same gender,the equalization trend of education level between urban and rural areas does not increase over the period. Moreover,the difference of educational level between city and countryside in one-child families is more significant than the difference among the multiple-child families,especially in the female groups. And the investigations also reveal that the reducing of the fertility rate plays an important role in the increasing of female educational level.
引文
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[13]叶华,吴晓刚.生育率下降与中国男女教育的平等化趋势[J].社会学研究,2011,(5):153-177.
[14]吴愈晓,黄超.中国教育获得性别不平等的城乡差异研究——基于CGSS2008数据[J].国家行政学院学报,2015,(2):41-47.
[2]刘海英,赵英才,张纯洪.人力资本“均化”与中国经济增长质量关系研究[J].管理世界,2004,(11):15-21.
[3]张菀洺.我国教育资源配置分析及政策选择——基于教育基尼系数的测算[J].中国人民大学学报,2013,(4):89-97.
[4]韩海彬,赵丽芬.教育扩展与教育不平等:中国的实证分析[J].华南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012,(4):23-28.
[5]姚继军.中国教育平等状况的演变——基于教育基尼系数的估算(1949-2006)[J].教育科学,2009,25(2):14-17.
[6]张长征,郇志坚,李怀祖.中国教育公平程度实证研究:1978-2004——基于教育基尼系数的测算与分析[J].清华大学教育研究,2006,(2):10-22.
[7]黄晨熹.1964-2005年我国人口受教育状况的变动——基于人口普查、抽查资料的分析[J].人口学刊,2011,(4):3-11.
[8]洪秀敏,罗丽.公平视阈下我国城乡学前教育发展差异分析[J].教育学报,2012,(5):73-81.
[9]卢晓东等.基础教育中的城乡差异是否在大学延续——高校城乡学生学业表现差异的实证研究[J].高校教育管理,2016,(1):56-60.
[10]吴岩.教育公平视角下初中阶段教育补习现状研究——以广州市为例[J].教育研究,2014,(8):75-84.
[11]李春玲.教育地位获得的性别差异——家庭背景对男性和女性教育地位获得的影响[J].妇女研究论丛,2009,(1):14-18.
[12]范静波.家庭因素、教育资源获得与性别公平[J].教育科学,2016,32(2):1-6.
[13]叶华,吴晓刚.生育率下降与中国男女教育的平等化趋势[J].社会学研究,2011,(5):153-177.
[14]吴愈晓,黄超.中国教育获得性别不平等的城乡差异研究——基于CGSS2008数据[J].国家行政学院学报,2015,(2):41-47.