湖北恩施志留系秀山组顶部的牙形刺及其地层意义
|
摘要
本文描述了湖北恩施太阳河灯草坪剖面志留系秀山组顶部灰岩夹层中的牙形刺。秀山组顶部的灰岩产出较丰富的牙形刺化石,共10属14种,包括Pterospathodus eopennatus,P.a.cf.angulatus,Apsidognathus sp.,Ozakodina paraplanussima,Ozakodina sp.,?Distomodus sp.,?Tuberocostadontus sp.,Coryssagnathus shaannanensis,Wurmiella recave,Wurmiella sp.,Oulodus shiqianensis,Oulodus sp.,Pseudooneotodus beckmanni,Distomodus sp.。根据牙形刺的产出情况,可识别出两个牙形刺带。秀山组顶部灰岩可归入Pterospathodus eopennatus超带的P.eopennatus ssp.n.2带。需要指出的是,秀山组最顶部样品发现了P.a.cf.angulatus,因此,秀山组顶部的时代延伸至Pterospathodus celloni超带的P.a.angulatus带,时代为兰多维列世特列奇早-中期。
This study reports the conodont fauna from the uppermost part of the Xiushan Formation at the Dengcaoping section in Enshi,Hubei Province,China.Abundant Telychian(Lower Silurian)conodonts have been recovered from this section including Pterospathodus eopennatus,P.a.cf.angulatus,Apsidognathus sp.,Ozakodina paraplanussima,Ozakodina sp.,?Distomodus sp.,?Tuberocostadontus sp.,Coryssagnathus shaannanensis,Wurmiella recave,W.sp.,Oulodus shiqianensis,Oulodus sp.,Pseudooneotodus beckmanni and Distomodus sp.This conodont fauna can be referred to Silurian Telychian Pterospathodus eopennatus ssp.n.2 Zone of P.eopennatus Superzone.It is worthy to note that the presence of Pterospathodus amorphognathus cf.angulatus indicates the uppermost of the Xiushan Formation can be assigned to the Pterospathodus amorphognathus angulatus Zone of Pterospathodus celloni Superzone.
This study reports the conodont fauna from the uppermost part of the Xiushan Formation at the Dengcaoping section in Enshi,Hubei Province,China.Abundant Telychian(Lower Silurian)conodonts have been recovered from this section including Pterospathodus eopennatus,P.a.cf.angulatus,Apsidognathus sp.,Ozakodina paraplanussima,Ozakodina sp.,?Distomodus sp.,?Tuberocostadontus sp.,Coryssagnathus shaannanensis,Wurmiella recave,W.sp.,Oulodus shiqianensis,Oulodus sp.,Pseudooneotodus beckmanni and Distomodus sp.This conodont fauna can be referred to Silurian Telychian Pterospathodus eopennatus ssp.n.2 Zone of P.eopennatus Superzone.It is worthy to note that the presence of Pterospathodus amorphognathus cf.angulatus indicates the uppermost of the Xiushan Formation can be assigned to the Pterospathodus amorphognathus angulatus Zone of Pterospathodus celloni Superzone.
引文
丁梅华,李耀泉,1985.陕西宁强地区志留纪牙形石及其地层意义.地球科学,10(2):9-20
王怿,戎嘉余,唐鹏等,2016.四川稗子田剖面志留系新认识.地层学杂志,40(3):225-233
王怿,张小乐,徐洪河等,2011.重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定.地层学杂志,35(2):113-121
王成源,2011.再论华南志留系红层的时代.地层学杂志,35(4):440-447
王成源,2013.中国志留纪牙形刺.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1-230
王成源,陈立德,王怿等,2010.Pterospathodus eopennatus(牙形刺)带的确认与志留系纱帽组的时代及相关地层的对比.古生物学报,49(1):10-28
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,1974.西南地区古生物手册.北京:科学出版社.1-454
牛志军,段其发,徐安武等,1999.湖北建始地区志留纪纱帽组含磷白云岩的发现及意义.华南地质与矿产,3:56-60
戎嘉余,王怿,张小乐,2012.追踪地质时期的浅海红层---以上扬子区志留系下红层为例.中国科学:地球科学,42:862-878
戎嘉余,陈旭,1990.中国志留系研究之今昔.古生物学报,29(4):385-401
戎嘉余,陈旭,王成源等,1990.论华南志留系对比的若干问题.地层学杂志,14(3):161-177
安泰庠,1987.中国南部早古生代牙形石.北京:北京大学出版社.1-238
李志宏,牛志军,陈立德等,2000.三峡地区志留纪纱帽组风暴岩的发现及地质意义.华南地质与矿产,16(1):43-52
李志宏,黄照先,牛志军等,1999.长江三峡地区特列奇期生物组合及其对比.华南地质与矿产,15(4):57-62
汪啸风,倪世钊,曾庆銮等,1987.长江三峡地区生物地层学(2)早古生代分册.北京:地质出版社.1-714
陈旭,戎嘉余,1996.中国扬子区兰多维列统特列奇阶及其与英国的对比.北京:科学出版社.1-162
林宝玉,苏养正,朱秀芳等,1998.中国地层典,志留系.北京:地质出版社.1-104
金淳泰,万正权,叶少华等,1992.四川广元、陕西宁强地区志留系.成都:成都科技大学出版社.1-97
周希云,翟志强,1983.志留纪牙形石.见:成都地质矿产研究所(主编),西南地区古生物图册---微体古生物分册.北京:地质出版社.267-300
周希云,翟志强,鲜思远,1981.贵州志留系牙形刺生物地层及新属种.石油与天然气地质,2(2):123-140
黄冰,王怿,唐鹏等,2017.湖北西部建始地区志留系秀山组顶部地层新观察.地层学杂志,41(4):375-385
葛治洲,戎嘉余,杨学长等,1977.西南地区志留系十条剖面资料.地层古生物,9:92-111
葛治洲,戎嘉余,杨学长等,1979.西南地区的志留系.见:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,西南地区碳酸盐生物地层.北京:科学出版社.155-220
湖北省地质矿产局,1990.湖北省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.1-705
湖北省地质矿产局,1996.湖北省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-284
谢家荣,赵亚曾,1925.湖北宜昌兴山秭归巴东等县地质矿产.农商部地质调查所,地质汇报,7:5-67
穆恩之,1962.中国的志留系.北京:科学出版社.1-95
ALDRIDGE R J,1972.Llandovery conodonts from the Welsh Borderland.Bulletin of the British Museum(Natural History),Geology,22:127-231
ALDRIDGE R J,1975.The stratigraphic distribution of conodonts in the British Silurian.Journal of the Geological Society,131(6):607-618
ALDRIDGE R J,WANG Chengyuan,2002.Conodonts//Holland CH,BASSETT M G,Telychian Rocks of the British Isles and China(Silurian,Llandovery Series)-an experiment to test precision in stratigraphy.National Museum and Galleries of Wales,Geological series 21:83-94
AN Taixiang,1987.The lower Paleozoic conodonts of South China.Beijing:Peking University Press.1-238(in Chinese with English abstract)
ARMSTRONG H A,1990.Conodonts from the Upper OrdovicianLower Silurian carbonate platform of north Greenland.Grnlands geologiske undersgelse,159:1-151
BARRICK J E,KLAPPER G,1976.Multielement Silurian(late Llandoverian-Wenlockian)conodonts of the Clarita Formation,Arbuckle Mountains,Oklahoma,and phylogeny of Kockelella.Geologica et Palaeontologica,10:59-100
BEREAU of Geology and Mineral Resouces of Hubei Provice,1990.Regional Geology of Hubei Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-705(in Chinese with English abstract)
BEREAU of Geology and Mineral Resouces of Hubei Provice,1996.Stratigraphy(Lithostratic)of Hubei Province.Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press.1-284(in Chinese with English abstract)
BISCHOFF G C O,1986.Early and middle Silurian conodonts from midwestern New South Wales.Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg:CFS.Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft,89:1-137
BRANSON E B,MEHL M G,1933.Conodonts from the Bainbridge(Silurian)of Missori.The University of Missori Studies,1:39-52
CHEN Xu,RONG Jiayu,1996.Telychian of the Yangtze Region.In Telychian(Llandovery)of the Yangtze Region and its correlation with British Isles.Edited by X.Chen and J.Y.Rong,Beijing:Science Press.1-238(in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Zhongyang,WANG Chengyuan,FAN Ru,2016.Restudy of the Llandovery conodont biostratigraphy in the Xiushan area,Chongqing City,China.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,53(7):651-659
DING Meihua,LI Yaoquan,1985.Silurian conodonts of Ningqiang area,Shaanxi Province and their biostratigraphic significance.Earth Science,10(2):9-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
DZIK J,1976.Remarks on the evolution of Ordovician conodonts.Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,21(4):395-455
GE Zhizhou,RONG Jiayu,YANG Xuechang et al.,1977.Ten Silurian sections in Southwestern regions of China.Stratigraphic palaeontology,9:92-111(in Chinese with English abstract)
GE Zhizhou,RONG Jiayu,YANG Xuechang et al.,1979.Silurian in Southwestern regions of China.In Carbonatite Biostratigraphy in Southwerstern regions of China.Edited by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Academia Sinica.Beijing:Science Press.155-220(in Chinese)
HASS W H,1959.Conodonts from the Chappel limestone of Texas.United States Geological Survey Professional Paper,294:365-399
HUANG Bing,WANG Yi,TANG Peng et al.,2017.On the uppermost Xiushan Formation(Llandovery,Silurian)at Jianshi area,Hubei Province.Journal of Stratigraphy,41(4):375-385(in Chinese with English abstract)
JEPPSSON L,FREDHOLM D,MATTIASSON B O,1985.Acetic acid and phosphatic fossils:a warning.Journal of Paleontology,59(4):952-956
JIN Chuntai,WANG Zhengquan,YE Shaohua et al.,1992.The Silurian System in Guangyuan,Sichuan and Ningqiang,Shaanxi.Chengdu:Science and Technology University Press.1-97(in Chinese with English abstract)
KLAPPER G,1981.Family Distomodontidae Klapper,new.Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part W,Miscellanea,Supplement,2:W137
KLAPPER G,MURPHY M A,1974.Silurian-Lower Devonian conodont sequence in the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Nevada.University of California Press.111:1-62
LI Zhihong,HUANG Zhaoxian,NIU Zhijun et al.,1999.Telychian biological assemblages and correlation in the Eastern Yangtze Geoges area.Geology and Miveral Resources of South China,15(4):57-62(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Zhihong,NIU Zhijun,CHEN Lide et al.,2000.Discovery and geologic significance of tempestites in Silurian Shamao Formation from the Yangtze Geoges area.Geology and Miveral Resources of South China,16(1):43-52(in Chinese with English abstract)
LIN Baoyu,SU Yangzheng,ZHU Xiufang et al.,1998.Silurian,Stratigraphy of China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing.1-104(in Chinese with English abstract)
LINK A G,DRUCE E C,1972.Ludlovian and Gedinnian conodont stratigraphy of the Yass Basin,New South Wales.Australian Government Publishing Service,134:1-136
LOYDELL D,MNNIK P,NESTOR V,2003.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41Core,Latvia.Geological Magazine,140:205-229
MNNIK P,1998.Evolution and Taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus.Palaeontology,41:1001-1050
MNNIK P,2007.An updated Telychian(Late Llandovery,Silurian)conodont zonation based on Baltic faunas.Lethaia,40:45-60
MNNIK P,ALDRIDGE R J,1989.Evolution,taxonomy and relationships of the Silurian conodonts Pterospathodus.Palaeontology,32:893-906
MILLER C G,ALDRIDGE R J,1993.The taxonomy and apparatus structure of the Silurian distomodontid conodont Coryssognathus Link&Druce.Journal of Micropalaeontology,12(2):241-255
MU Enzhi,1962.Silurian System of China.Science Press,Beijing.1-95(in Chinese with English abstract)
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1974.Silurian.Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Southwestern China.Beijing:Science Press.31-40(in Chinese)
NIU Zhijun,DUAN Qifa,XU Anwu et al.,1999.Discovery of Phosphoric dolomite from Silurian Shamao Formation in Jianshi of western Hubei and its significance.Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,3:56-60(in Chinese with English abstract)
PANDER C H,1856.Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernement.Buchdr.der K.Akademie der wissenschaften,1-91
PURNELL M A,DONOGHUE P C J,ALDRIDGE R J,2000.Orientation and anatomical notation in conodonts.Journal of Paleontology,74(1):113-122
RHODES F H T,1953.Some British lower Palaeozoic conodont faunas.Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions,ser.B,Biological Science,237:261-334
RONG J Y,WANG Y,ZHANG X L,2012.Tracking shallow marine red beds through geological time as exemplified by the lower Telychian(Silurian)in the Upper Yangtze Region,South China.Science China Earth Sciences,55(5):699-713
RONG Jiayu,CHEN Xu,1990.Present and past of Silurian researchs in China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,29(4):385-401(in Chinese with English abstract)
RONG Jiayu,CHEN Xu,WANG Chengyuan et al.,1990.Some problems concerning the correlation of the Silurian rocks in South China.Journal of Stratigraphy,14(3):161-177(in Chinese with English abstract)
SCHNLAUB H P,1971.Zur Problematik der Conodonten-Chronologie an der Wende Ordoviz/Silur mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verhltnisse im Llandovery.Geologica et Palaeontologica,5:35-57
SWEET W C,1981.Macromorphology of elements and apparatuses.Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Pt.W,Miscellanea,Supplement,2:5-20
SWEET W C,1988.The conodonta:morphology,taxonomy,paleoecology,and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum.Oxford:Clarendon Press.1-212
SWEET W C,SCHONLAUB H P,1975.Conodonts of the genus Oulodus Branson and Mehl,1933.Geologica et Palaeontologica,9:41-59
WAID C B T,CRAMER B D,2017.Telychian(Llandovery,Silurian)conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa,USA(East-Central Iowa Basin)and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation.Palaeontologia Electronica,20(2):39A:1-37
WALLISER O H,1964.Conodonten des Silurs.Abhandlungen des Hessisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung,41:1-106
WALLISER O H,1972.Conodont apparatuses in the Silurian.Geologica et Palaeontologica SB1,75-80
WANG Chengyuan,2011.Restudy of the ages of Silurian red beds in South China.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(4):440-447(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Chengyuan,2013.Silurian conodonts from China.Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China.1-230(in Chinese)
WANG Chengyuan,ALDRIDGE R J,2010.Silurian conodonts from the Yangtze Platform,South China.Special Papers in Palaeontology,83:1-136
WANG Chengyuan,CHEN Lide,WANG Yi et al.,2010.Affirmation of Pterospathodus eopennatus Zone(Conodonta)and the age of the Silurian Shamao Formation in Zigui,Hubei as well as the correlation of the related strata.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,49(1):10-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Xiaofeng,NI Shizhao,ZENG Qingluan et al.,1987.Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Geoges area(2)Early Palaeozoic Era.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-714(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Yi,RONG Jiayu,TANG Peng et al.,2016.New observation on the Silurian Baizitian section from Yanbian,western Sichuan,SW China.Journal of Stratigraphy,40(3):225-233(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiaole,XU Honghe et al.,2011.Discovery of the late Silurian Xiaoxi Formation in the Xiushan area,Chongqing City,China,and the revision of the Huixingshao Formation.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(2):113-121(in Chinese with English abstract)
XIE Jiarong,ZHAO Yazeng,1925.A Study of the Silurian section at LoJoPing,I Chang District,W.Hupeh.Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,4(1):39-44(in Chinese)
ZHANG S X,BARNES C R,2007.Late Ordovician-early Silurian conodont biostratigraphy and thermal maturity,Hudson Bay Basin.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,55(3):179-216
ZHANG S X,JOWWET D M S,BARNES C R,2017.Hirnantian(Ordovician)through Wenlock(Silurian)conodont biostratigraphy,bioevents,and integration with graptolite biozones,Cape Phillips Formation slope facies,Cornwallis Island,Canadian Arctic Islands.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,54(9):936-960
ZHOU Xiyun,ZHAI Zhiqiang,1983.Silurian conodonts.In:Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(ed.),Paleontological Atlas of Southwest China:Volume of Microfossils.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.267-300(in Chinese)
ZHOU Xiyun,ZHAI Zhiqiang,XIAN Siyuan,1981.On the Silurian conodont biostratigraphy,new genera and species in Guizhou Province.Oil and Gas Geology,2(2):123-140(in Chinese with English abstract)
王怿,戎嘉余,唐鹏等,2016.四川稗子田剖面志留系新认识.地层学杂志,40(3):225-233
王怿,张小乐,徐洪河等,2011.重庆秀山志留系小溪组的发现与迴星哨组的厘定.地层学杂志,35(2):113-121
王成源,2011.再论华南志留系红层的时代.地层学杂志,35(4):440-447
王成源,2013.中国志留纪牙形刺.合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社.1-230
王成源,陈立德,王怿等,2010.Pterospathodus eopennatus(牙形刺)带的确认与志留系纱帽组的时代及相关地层的对比.古生物学报,49(1):10-28
中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,1974.西南地区古生物手册.北京:科学出版社.1-454
牛志军,段其发,徐安武等,1999.湖北建始地区志留纪纱帽组含磷白云岩的发现及意义.华南地质与矿产,3:56-60
戎嘉余,王怿,张小乐,2012.追踪地质时期的浅海红层---以上扬子区志留系下红层为例.中国科学:地球科学,42:862-878
戎嘉余,陈旭,1990.中国志留系研究之今昔.古生物学报,29(4):385-401
戎嘉余,陈旭,王成源等,1990.论华南志留系对比的若干问题.地层学杂志,14(3):161-177
安泰庠,1987.中国南部早古生代牙形石.北京:北京大学出版社.1-238
李志宏,牛志军,陈立德等,2000.三峡地区志留纪纱帽组风暴岩的发现及地质意义.华南地质与矿产,16(1):43-52
李志宏,黄照先,牛志军等,1999.长江三峡地区特列奇期生物组合及其对比.华南地质与矿产,15(4):57-62
汪啸风,倪世钊,曾庆銮等,1987.长江三峡地区生物地层学(2)早古生代分册.北京:地质出版社.1-714
陈旭,戎嘉余,1996.中国扬子区兰多维列统特列奇阶及其与英国的对比.北京:科学出版社.1-162
林宝玉,苏养正,朱秀芳等,1998.中国地层典,志留系.北京:地质出版社.1-104
金淳泰,万正权,叶少华等,1992.四川广元、陕西宁强地区志留系.成都:成都科技大学出版社.1-97
周希云,翟志强,1983.志留纪牙形石.见:成都地质矿产研究所(主编),西南地区古生物图册---微体古生物分册.北京:地质出版社.267-300
周希云,翟志强,鲜思远,1981.贵州志留系牙形刺生物地层及新属种.石油与天然气地质,2(2):123-140
黄冰,王怿,唐鹏等,2017.湖北西部建始地区志留系秀山组顶部地层新观察.地层学杂志,41(4):375-385
葛治洲,戎嘉余,杨学长等,1977.西南地区志留系十条剖面资料.地层古生物,9:92-111
葛治洲,戎嘉余,杨学长等,1979.西南地区的志留系.见:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所,西南地区碳酸盐生物地层.北京:科学出版社.155-220
湖北省地质矿产局,1990.湖北省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.1-705
湖北省地质矿产局,1996.湖北省岩石地层.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.1-284
谢家荣,赵亚曾,1925.湖北宜昌兴山秭归巴东等县地质矿产.农商部地质调查所,地质汇报,7:5-67
穆恩之,1962.中国的志留系.北京:科学出版社.1-95
ALDRIDGE R J,1972.Llandovery conodonts from the Welsh Borderland.Bulletin of the British Museum(Natural History),Geology,22:127-231
ALDRIDGE R J,1975.The stratigraphic distribution of conodonts in the British Silurian.Journal of the Geological Society,131(6):607-618
ALDRIDGE R J,WANG Chengyuan,2002.Conodonts//Holland CH,BASSETT M G,Telychian Rocks of the British Isles and China(Silurian,Llandovery Series)-an experiment to test precision in stratigraphy.National Museum and Galleries of Wales,Geological series 21:83-94
AN Taixiang,1987.The lower Paleozoic conodonts of South China.Beijing:Peking University Press.1-238(in Chinese with English abstract)
ARMSTRONG H A,1990.Conodonts from the Upper OrdovicianLower Silurian carbonate platform of north Greenland.Grnlands geologiske undersgelse,159:1-151
BARRICK J E,KLAPPER G,1976.Multielement Silurian(late Llandoverian-Wenlockian)conodonts of the Clarita Formation,Arbuckle Mountains,Oklahoma,and phylogeny of Kockelella.Geologica et Palaeontologica,10:59-100
BEREAU of Geology and Mineral Resouces of Hubei Provice,1990.Regional Geology of Hubei Province.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-705(in Chinese with English abstract)
BEREAU of Geology and Mineral Resouces of Hubei Provice,1996.Stratigraphy(Lithostratic)of Hubei Province.Wuhan:China University of Geoscience Press.1-284(in Chinese with English abstract)
BISCHOFF G C O,1986.Early and middle Silurian conodonts from midwestern New South Wales.Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg:CFS.Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft,89:1-137
BRANSON E B,MEHL M G,1933.Conodonts from the Bainbridge(Silurian)of Missori.The University of Missori Studies,1:39-52
CHEN Xu,RONG Jiayu,1996.Telychian of the Yangtze Region.In Telychian(Llandovery)of the Yangtze Region and its correlation with British Isles.Edited by X.Chen and J.Y.Rong,Beijing:Science Press.1-238(in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Zhongyang,WANG Chengyuan,FAN Ru,2016.Restudy of the Llandovery conodont biostratigraphy in the Xiushan area,Chongqing City,China.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,53(7):651-659
DING Meihua,LI Yaoquan,1985.Silurian conodonts of Ningqiang area,Shaanxi Province and their biostratigraphic significance.Earth Science,10(2):9-20(in Chinese with English abstract)
DZIK J,1976.Remarks on the evolution of Ordovician conodonts.Acta Palaeontologica Polonica,21(4):395-455
GE Zhizhou,RONG Jiayu,YANG Xuechang et al.,1977.Ten Silurian sections in Southwestern regions of China.Stratigraphic palaeontology,9:92-111(in Chinese with English abstract)
GE Zhizhou,RONG Jiayu,YANG Xuechang et al.,1979.Silurian in Southwestern regions of China.In Carbonatite Biostratigraphy in Southwerstern regions of China.Edited by Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Academia Sinica.Beijing:Science Press.155-220(in Chinese)
HASS W H,1959.Conodonts from the Chappel limestone of Texas.United States Geological Survey Professional Paper,294:365-399
HUANG Bing,WANG Yi,TANG Peng et al.,2017.On the uppermost Xiushan Formation(Llandovery,Silurian)at Jianshi area,Hubei Province.Journal of Stratigraphy,41(4):375-385(in Chinese with English abstract)
JEPPSSON L,FREDHOLM D,MATTIASSON B O,1985.Acetic acid and phosphatic fossils:a warning.Journal of Paleontology,59(4):952-956
JIN Chuntai,WANG Zhengquan,YE Shaohua et al.,1992.The Silurian System in Guangyuan,Sichuan and Ningqiang,Shaanxi.Chengdu:Science and Technology University Press.1-97(in Chinese with English abstract)
KLAPPER G,1981.Family Distomodontidae Klapper,new.Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Part W,Miscellanea,Supplement,2:W137
KLAPPER G,MURPHY M A,1974.Silurian-Lower Devonian conodont sequence in the Roberts Mountains Formation of central Nevada.University of California Press.111:1-62
LI Zhihong,HUANG Zhaoxian,NIU Zhijun et al.,1999.Telychian biological assemblages and correlation in the Eastern Yangtze Geoges area.Geology and Miveral Resources of South China,15(4):57-62(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Zhihong,NIU Zhijun,CHEN Lide et al.,2000.Discovery and geologic significance of tempestites in Silurian Shamao Formation from the Yangtze Geoges area.Geology and Miveral Resources of South China,16(1):43-52(in Chinese with English abstract)
LIN Baoyu,SU Yangzheng,ZHU Xiufang et al.,1998.Silurian,Stratigraphy of China.Geological Publishing House,Beijing.1-104(in Chinese with English abstract)
LINK A G,DRUCE E C,1972.Ludlovian and Gedinnian conodont stratigraphy of the Yass Basin,New South Wales.Australian Government Publishing Service,134:1-136
LOYDELL D,MNNIK P,NESTOR V,2003.Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Aizpute-41Core,Latvia.Geological Magazine,140:205-229
MNNIK P,1998.Evolution and Taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus.Palaeontology,41:1001-1050
MNNIK P,2007.An updated Telychian(Late Llandovery,Silurian)conodont zonation based on Baltic faunas.Lethaia,40:45-60
MNNIK P,ALDRIDGE R J,1989.Evolution,taxonomy and relationships of the Silurian conodonts Pterospathodus.Palaeontology,32:893-906
MILLER C G,ALDRIDGE R J,1993.The taxonomy and apparatus structure of the Silurian distomodontid conodont Coryssognathus Link&Druce.Journal of Micropalaeontology,12(2):241-255
MU Enzhi,1962.Silurian System of China.Science Press,Beijing.1-95(in Chinese with English abstract)
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1974.Silurian.Handbook of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology in Southwestern China.Beijing:Science Press.31-40(in Chinese)
NIU Zhijun,DUAN Qifa,XU Anwu et al.,1999.Discovery of Phosphoric dolomite from Silurian Shamao Formation in Jianshi of western Hubei and its significance.Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,3:56-60(in Chinese with English abstract)
PANDER C H,1856.Monographie der fossilen fische des silurischen systems des Russisch-baltischen gouvernement.Buchdr.der K.Akademie der wissenschaften,1-91
PURNELL M A,DONOGHUE P C J,ALDRIDGE R J,2000.Orientation and anatomical notation in conodonts.Journal of Paleontology,74(1):113-122
RHODES F H T,1953.Some British lower Palaeozoic conodont faunas.Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions,ser.B,Biological Science,237:261-334
RONG J Y,WANG Y,ZHANG X L,2012.Tracking shallow marine red beds through geological time as exemplified by the lower Telychian(Silurian)in the Upper Yangtze Region,South China.Science China Earth Sciences,55(5):699-713
RONG Jiayu,CHEN Xu,1990.Present and past of Silurian researchs in China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,29(4):385-401(in Chinese with English abstract)
RONG Jiayu,CHEN Xu,WANG Chengyuan et al.,1990.Some problems concerning the correlation of the Silurian rocks in South China.Journal of Stratigraphy,14(3):161-177(in Chinese with English abstract)
SCHNLAUB H P,1971.Zur Problematik der Conodonten-Chronologie an der Wende Ordoviz/Silur mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Verhltnisse im Llandovery.Geologica et Palaeontologica,5:35-57
SWEET W C,1981.Macromorphology of elements and apparatuses.Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Pt.W,Miscellanea,Supplement,2:5-20
SWEET W C,1988.The conodonta:morphology,taxonomy,paleoecology,and evolutionary history of a long-extinct animal phylum.Oxford:Clarendon Press.1-212
SWEET W C,SCHONLAUB H P,1975.Conodonts of the genus Oulodus Branson and Mehl,1933.Geologica et Palaeontologica,9:41-59
WAID C B T,CRAMER B D,2017.Telychian(Llandovery,Silurian)conodonts from the LaPorte City Formation of eastern Iowa,USA(East-Central Iowa Basin)and their implications for global Telychian conodont biostratigraphic correlation.Palaeontologia Electronica,20(2):39A:1-37
WALLISER O H,1964.Conodonten des Silurs.Abhandlungen des Hessisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung,41:1-106
WALLISER O H,1972.Conodont apparatuses in the Silurian.Geologica et Palaeontologica SB1,75-80
WANG Chengyuan,2011.Restudy of the ages of Silurian red beds in South China.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(4):440-447(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Chengyuan,2013.Silurian conodonts from China.Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China.1-230(in Chinese)
WANG Chengyuan,ALDRIDGE R J,2010.Silurian conodonts from the Yangtze Platform,South China.Special Papers in Palaeontology,83:1-136
WANG Chengyuan,CHEN Lide,WANG Yi et al.,2010.Affirmation of Pterospathodus eopennatus Zone(Conodonta)and the age of the Silurian Shamao Formation in Zigui,Hubei as well as the correlation of the related strata.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,49(1):10-28(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Xiaofeng,NI Shizhao,ZENG Qingluan et al.,1987.Biostratigraphy of the Yangtze Geoges area(2)Early Palaeozoic Era.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-714(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Yi,RONG Jiayu,TANG Peng et al.,2016.New observation on the Silurian Baizitian section from Yanbian,western Sichuan,SW China.Journal of Stratigraphy,40(3):225-233(in Chinese with English abstract)
WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiaole,XU Honghe et al.,2011.Discovery of the late Silurian Xiaoxi Formation in the Xiushan area,Chongqing City,China,and the revision of the Huixingshao Formation.Journal of Stratigraphy,35(2):113-121(in Chinese with English abstract)
XIE Jiarong,ZHAO Yazeng,1925.A Study of the Silurian section at LoJoPing,I Chang District,W.Hupeh.Bulletin of the Geological Society of China,4(1):39-44(in Chinese)
ZHANG S X,BARNES C R,2007.Late Ordovician-early Silurian conodont biostratigraphy and thermal maturity,Hudson Bay Basin.Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology,55(3):179-216
ZHANG S X,JOWWET D M S,BARNES C R,2017.Hirnantian(Ordovician)through Wenlock(Silurian)conodont biostratigraphy,bioevents,and integration with graptolite biozones,Cape Phillips Formation slope facies,Cornwallis Island,Canadian Arctic Islands.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,54(9):936-960
ZHOU Xiyun,ZHAI Zhiqiang,1983.Silurian conodonts.In:Chengdu Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences(ed.),Paleontological Atlas of Southwest China:Volume of Microfossils.Beijing:Geological Publishing House.267-300(in Chinese)
ZHOU Xiyun,ZHAI Zhiqiang,XIAN Siyuan,1981.On the Silurian conodont biostratigraphy,new genera and species in Guizhou Province.Oil and Gas Geology,2(2):123-140(in Chinese with English abstract)