氮肥和密度对黑龙江春玉米物质积累、抗倒伏及产量的影响
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摘要
当前黑龙江玉米大田生产面临氮肥施用过量及种植密度偏低的现状,以"增密减氮"为研究出发点,探究合理的氮肥施用量和种植密度对黑龙江春玉米群体干物质积累、抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。以‘农华101’为材料,于2016年和2017年在哈尔滨向阳基地进行大田试验,设置3个氮肥水平(100 kg/hm~2、200 kg/hm~2和300 kg/hm~2)和3个密度水平(6.75万株/hm~2、 8.25万株/hm~2和9.75万株/hm~2),研究不同氮肥与密度处理对玉米叶片SPAD值、地上部物质积累、茎秆力学特征及籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,随氮肥和密度增加,玉米叶片SPAD值、茎秆穿刺强度和弯折强度、地上部干物质积累量逐渐增加,且均在氮肥200 kg/hm~2,密度8.25万株/hm~2时达最大,与其他处理差异显著。当施氮量大于200 kg/hm~2、密度大于8.25万株/hm~2时,叶片SPAD值、茎秆穿刺强度和弯折强度及地上部干物质积累均呈下降趋势。氮肥密度互作条件下,在氮肥200 kg/hm~2、密度8.25万株/hm~2时,玉米第4茎节在灌浆期茎秆穿刺强度及弯折强度最大,分别为68.5 104 N/m~2和14.16 Nm,籽粒产量最高为15 501.40 kg/hm~2。表明黑龙江哈尔滨第一积温带玉米种植以氮肥200 kg/hm~2、密度8.25万株/hm~2为宜,可达到个体功能与群体质量协同增加的效果。
At present,the field production of maize in Heilongjiang province is facing the situation of excessive nitrogen application and low planting density.In the way of "increasing densities and nitrogen reduction" for maize production,the effects of reasonable nitrogen application and planting density on dry matter accumulation,lodging resistance and yield of spring maize population in Heilongjiang Province were explored.Field experiments were conducted in Xiangyang Base of Harbin in 2016 and 2017.Hybrid maize ‘Nonghua 101' was chosen as experimental material.Three nitrogen fertilizer levels(100 kg/hm~2,200 kg/hm~2,300 kg/hm~2) and three planting density levels(67.5 thousand plants/hm~2,82.5 thousand plants/hm~2 and 97.5 thousand plants/hm~2) were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and density treatments on SPAD of maize leaves,dry matter accumulation,stem mechanical characteristics and grain yield.The results showed that with the continuous increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and planting density,the SPAD value,puncture strength of stem,bending strength of stem and dry matter accumulation on the ground increased gradually,and all of them reached significant higher in the treatment of 200 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density than other treatments.When the nitrogen fertilizer rate was greater than 200 kg/hm~2,and the density was greater than 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2,the leaf SPAD value,puncture strength of stem,bending strength of stem and dry matter accumulation above ground showed a decreasing trend.Under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer rate and density interaction,when treated with nitrogen fertilizer 200 kg/hm~2 and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density,the puncture strength and bending strength of the fourth stem section of maize were the highest at the seed-filling stage,which were 68.5 104 N/m~2 and 14.16 Nm respectively.The highest grain yield was 15 501.40 kg/hm~2.The results showed that 200 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer rate and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density were appropriate maize planting combination in Heilongjiang province,and the synergistic effect of individual function and population quality was achieved and reaching the highest yield.The study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the high yield of spring maize in Heilongjiang under the reasonable combination of nitrogen input and planting density.
At present,the field production of maize in Heilongjiang province is facing the situation of excessive nitrogen application and low planting density.In the way of "increasing densities and nitrogen reduction" for maize production,the effects of reasonable nitrogen application and planting density on dry matter accumulation,lodging resistance and yield of spring maize population in Heilongjiang Province were explored.Field experiments were conducted in Xiangyang Base of Harbin in 2016 and 2017.Hybrid maize ‘Nonghua 101' was chosen as experimental material.Three nitrogen fertilizer levels(100 kg/hm~2,200 kg/hm~2,300 kg/hm~2) and three planting density levels(67.5 thousand plants/hm~2,82.5 thousand plants/hm~2 and 97.5 thousand plants/hm~2) were set up to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer and density treatments on SPAD of maize leaves,dry matter accumulation,stem mechanical characteristics and grain yield.The results showed that with the continuous increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and planting density,the SPAD value,puncture strength of stem,bending strength of stem and dry matter accumulation on the ground increased gradually,and all of them reached significant higher in the treatment of 200 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density than other treatments.When the nitrogen fertilizer rate was greater than 200 kg/hm~2,and the density was greater than 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2,the leaf SPAD value,puncture strength of stem,bending strength of stem and dry matter accumulation above ground showed a decreasing trend.Under the condition of nitrogen fertilizer rate and density interaction,when treated with nitrogen fertilizer 200 kg/hm~2 and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density,the puncture strength and bending strength of the fourth stem section of maize were the highest at the seed-filling stage,which were 68.5 104 N/m~2 and 14.16 Nm respectively.The highest grain yield was 15 501.40 kg/hm~2.The results showed that 200 kg/hm~2 nitrogen fertilizer rate and 82.5 thousands plants/hm~2 density were appropriate maize planting combination in Heilongjiang province,and the synergistic effect of individual function and population quality was achieved and reaching the highest yield.The study provides theoretical and experimental basis for the high yield of spring maize in Heilongjiang under the reasonable combination of nitrogen input and planting density.
引文
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