四川省水土保持生态保护红线划定方法研究
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摘要
划定"生态保护红线"是中国重要的环保战略之一,如何科学划定生态保护红线仍是一个新的课题,特别是在省域尺度上基于生态系统服务功能合理划定生态红线,是当前亟待解决的问题。该研究以四川省为研究对象,从水土保持生态功能角度,利用四川省全域多源遥感数据、气象站点数据及太阳辐射站点等数据,运用GIS技术、RUSLE模型和土壤保持功能分级评价方法,对四川水土保持生态保护红线进行划定。结果表明,四川生态红线区内水土保持量在35000t·km~(-2)·a~(-1)以上,红线区总面积64 938km~2,占四川国土总面积13.61%。四川生态红线区的分布较集中,主要分布于川西南山区和四川盆周山地区,尤以地处川西南山区的雅安和乐山两地分布最集中。四川水土保持生态红线区与植被覆盖度高的常绿阔叶林区分布范围基本一致。该研究所采用的水土保持生态红线划定方法合理可行,研究成果对于中国其他省份生态红线的划定工作具有重要的参考价值。
Ecological protection red line is the most important boundaries in the ecological protection zones, and the baseline of the ecological security of a nation or a region. Ecological red line zones are expected to help to solve the problems of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion. Currently, demarcating ecological red line have been one of the important environmental protection strategy of our country. However, it is still a new study topic in field of academic research. Demarcating ecological red line zones in important eco-functional areas and ecological sensitive/fragile areas are necessary for maintaining regional ecological integrity and for sustaining ecosystem services and functions. Therefore, in this study, we should explore the methods to demarcate ecological red line which have high soil and water conservation function, based on remote sensing date, meteorological data and solar radiation date, etc, combined with GIS technology, and the RUSLE model. The results indicate that the soil and water conservation amount in Sichuan ecological red line areas reach up to 35000t·km~(-2)·a~(-1) above, which is significantly higher than that of other region of Sichuan region. The ecological red line zones cover an area of 64938 square kilometres, accounting for 13.61% percent of Sichuan's total territory. The ecological red line of Sichuan area is concentrated in the mountain areas in the southwest Sichuan, mountain areas around the Sichuan basin, especially distributed centrally in Ya'an and Leshan prefecture situated in mountain areas in the southwest Sichuan. Survey results further indicate that the ecological red line zones show a similar spatial distribution patterns with area of evergreen broadleaf forest, which maintains high vegetation coverage. Thus our results suggest that the ecological red line demarcated in this study have an important ecological function of soil conservation, and the research method of demarcating ecological red line are of great importance for other regions of our country. It should be pointed out that this study is a beneficial attempt for demarcating of ecological red line. In fact, the demarcatiion of ecological red line is related not only to several factors such as regional eco-environmental condition, ecological security situation, regional resource and environment carrying capacity, but also to environmental protection goals and request of ecosystem. Therefore, when we demarcated the ecological red line, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all these factors.
Ecological protection red line is the most important boundaries in the ecological protection zones, and the baseline of the ecological security of a nation or a region. Ecological red line zones are expected to help to solve the problems of environmental degradation and natural resource depletion. Currently, demarcating ecological red line have been one of the important environmental protection strategy of our country. However, it is still a new study topic in field of academic research. Demarcating ecological red line zones in important eco-functional areas and ecological sensitive/fragile areas are necessary for maintaining regional ecological integrity and for sustaining ecosystem services and functions. Therefore, in this study, we should explore the methods to demarcate ecological red line which have high soil and water conservation function, based on remote sensing date, meteorological data and solar radiation date, etc, combined with GIS technology, and the RUSLE model. The results indicate that the soil and water conservation amount in Sichuan ecological red line areas reach up to 35000t·km~(-2)·a~(-1) above, which is significantly higher than that of other region of Sichuan region. The ecological red line zones cover an area of 64938 square kilometres, accounting for 13.61% percent of Sichuan's total territory. The ecological red line of Sichuan area is concentrated in the mountain areas in the southwest Sichuan, mountain areas around the Sichuan basin, especially distributed centrally in Ya'an and Leshan prefecture situated in mountain areas in the southwest Sichuan. Survey results further indicate that the ecological red line zones show a similar spatial distribution patterns with area of evergreen broadleaf forest, which maintains high vegetation coverage. Thus our results suggest that the ecological red line demarcated in this study have an important ecological function of soil conservation, and the research method of demarcating ecological red line are of great importance for other regions of our country. It should be pointed out that this study is a beneficial attempt for demarcating of ecological red line. In fact, the demarcatiion of ecological red line is related not only to several factors such as regional eco-environmental condition, ecological security situation, regional resource and environment carrying capacity, but also to environmental protection goals and request of ecosystem. Therefore, when we demarcated the ecological red line, it is necessary to comprehensively consider all these factors.
引文
CRISTINA F,JOSE A V.2016.Evaluation of RUSLE and PESERA models for predicting soil erosion losses in the first year after wildfire in NW Spain[J].Geoderma,273(1):64-72.
GANASRI B P,RAMESH H.2016.Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS——A case study of Nethravathi Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,7(6):953-961.
HAO C,TAKASHI O,PAN W.2017.Assessment for soil loss by using a scheme of alterative sub-models based on the RUSLE in a Karst Basin of Southwest China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,16(2):377-388.
YASER O,SHOJA G D.2017.Soil loss estimation using RUSLE model,GIS and remote sensing techniques:A case study from the Dembecha Watershed,Northwestern Ethiopia[J].Geoderma Regional,11:28-36.
柏松,景连东,李晖,等.2017.基于水源涵养功能的生态红线划定方法研究[J].生态环境学报,26(10):1665-1670.
陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.2014.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,36(6):1288-1297.
陈严武,史正涛,曾建军,等.2015.水源地不同林分水源涵养功能评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(2):67-74.
冯磊,王治国,孙保平,等.2012.黄土高原水土保持功能的重要性评价与分区[J].中国水土保持科学,10(4):16-21.
高吉喜.2014.生态保护红线的划定与监管[J].中国建设信息,(5):52-55.
何光汉.2010.区域空间管治下的四川省主体功能区建设研究[D].成都:西南财经大学.
姜琳,边金虎,李爱农,等.2014.岷江上游2000—2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,28(1):18-25.
李该霞,宋蒙亚,谢丽芳,等.2016.江苏省水土保持功能的重要性评价[J].水土保持通报,36(1):236-241.
林勇,樊景凤,温泉,等.2016.生态红线划分的理论和技术[J].生态学报,36(5):1244-1252.
楼豫红.2014.区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价研究——以四川为例[D].北京:中国农业大学.
史展,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.2013.基于GIS的岷江流域降雨侵蚀力时空特征研究[J].水土保持通报,33(2):97-101.
宋述军,柴微涛,周万村.2008.RS和GIS支持下的四川省生态环境状况评价[J].环境科学与技术,31(10):145-147.
汪东川.2005.基于ARCGIS的坡面产流产沙过程模拟-以重庆市璧山县为例[D].重庆:西南农业大学.
王翠平,丁黎,王润平.2017.福建省水土保持功能区生态保护红线划定[J].中国水土保持,(12):29-33.
王丽槐.2003.四川水土流失状况与类型分区[J].四川水利,(2):2-6.
王万忠,焦菊英.1996.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,16(5):1-20.
吴婷婷.2010.基于遥感和GIS的土地利用/覆盖变化分析——以四川盆地内平原丘陵地区为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
谢雅婷,周忠发,闫利会,等.2017.贵州省石漠化敏感区生态红线空间分异与管控措施研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(4):624-630.
许月卿,蔡运龙.2006.贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀量计算及其背景空间分析[J].农业工程学报,22(5):50-54.
燕守广,林乃峰,沈渭寿.2014.江苏省生态红线区域划分与保护[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(3):294-299.
杨姗姗,邹长新,沈渭寿,等.2016.基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建——以江西省为例[J].生态学杂志,35(1):250-258.
于法展,张忠启,陈龙乾,等.2015.江西庐山自然保护区主要森林植被水土保持功能评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(4):578-584.
喻本德,叶有华,郭微,等.2014.生态保护红线分区建设模式研究——以广东大鹏半岛为例[J].生态环境学报,23(6):962-971.
章文波,付金生.2003.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,25(1):35-41.
赵连友.2017.贵州省沅江流域生态红线划分研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学:30-32.
赵乾坤,王治国,张光灿,等.2014.山西省水土保持功能区生态脆弱性评价[J].中国水土保持科学,12(6):16-22.
赵宇宁.2014.福建构建滨海湿地生态红线制度的若干战略问题研究[D].厦门:厦门大学.
GANASRI B P,RAMESH H.2016.Assessment of soil erosion by RUSLE model using remote sensing and GIS——A case study of Nethravathi Basin[J].Geoscience Frontiers,7(6):953-961.
HAO C,TAKASHI O,PAN W.2017.Assessment for soil loss by using a scheme of alterative sub-models based on the RUSLE in a Karst Basin of Southwest China[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,16(2):377-388.
YASER O,SHOJA G D.2017.Soil loss estimation using RUSLE model,GIS and remote sensing techniques:A case study from the Dembecha Watershed,Northwestern Ethiopia[J].Geoderma Regional,11:28-36.
柏松,景连东,李晖,等.2017.基于水源涵养功能的生态红线划定方法研究[J].生态环境学报,26(10):1665-1670.
陈思旭,杨小唤,肖林林,等.2014.基于RUSLE模型的南方丘陵山区土壤侵蚀研究[J].资源科学,36(6):1288-1297.
陈严武,史正涛,曾建军,等.2015.水源地不同林分水源涵养功能评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,29(2):67-74.
冯磊,王治国,孙保平,等.2012.黄土高原水土保持功能的重要性评价与分区[J].中国水土保持科学,10(4):16-21.
高吉喜.2014.生态保护红线的划定与监管[J].中国建设信息,(5):52-55.
何光汉.2010.区域空间管治下的四川省主体功能区建设研究[D].成都:西南财经大学.
姜琳,边金虎,李爱农,等.2014.岷江上游2000—2010年土壤侵蚀时空格局动态变化[J].水土保持学报,28(1):18-25.
李该霞,宋蒙亚,谢丽芳,等.2016.江苏省水土保持功能的重要性评价[J].水土保持通报,36(1):236-241.
林勇,樊景凤,温泉,等.2016.生态红线划分的理论和技术[J].生态学报,36(5):1244-1252.
楼豫红.2014.区域节水灌溉发展水平综合评价研究——以四川为例[D].北京:中国农业大学.
史展,陶和平,刘斌涛,等.2013.基于GIS的岷江流域降雨侵蚀力时空特征研究[J].水土保持通报,33(2):97-101.
宋述军,柴微涛,周万村.2008.RS和GIS支持下的四川省生态环境状况评价[J].环境科学与技术,31(10):145-147.
汪东川.2005.基于ARCGIS的坡面产流产沙过程模拟-以重庆市璧山县为例[D].重庆:西南农业大学.
王翠平,丁黎,王润平.2017.福建省水土保持功能区生态保护红线划定[J].中国水土保持,(12):29-33.
王丽槐.2003.四川水土流失状况与类型分区[J].四川水利,(2):2-6.
王万忠,焦菊英.1996.中国的土壤侵蚀因子定量评价研究[J].水土保持通报,16(5):1-20.
吴婷婷.2010.基于遥感和GIS的土地利用/覆盖变化分析——以四川盆地内平原丘陵地区为例[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京).
谢雅婷,周忠发,闫利会,等.2017.贵州省石漠化敏感区生态红线空间分异与管控措施研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(4):624-630.
许月卿,蔡运龙.2006.贵州省猫跳河流域土壤侵蚀量计算及其背景空间分析[J].农业工程学报,22(5):50-54.
燕守广,林乃峰,沈渭寿.2014.江苏省生态红线区域划分与保护[J].生态与农村环境学报,30(3):294-299.
杨姗姗,邹长新,沈渭寿,等.2016.基于生态红线划分的生态安全格局构建——以江西省为例[J].生态学杂志,35(1):250-258.
于法展,张忠启,陈龙乾,等.2015.江西庐山自然保护区主要森林植被水土保持功能评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,24(4):578-584.
喻本德,叶有华,郭微,等.2014.生态保护红线分区建设模式研究——以广东大鹏半岛为例[J].生态环境学报,23(6):962-971.
章文波,付金生.2003.不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J].资源科学,25(1):35-41.
赵连友.2017.贵州省沅江流域生态红线划分研究[D].贵阳:贵州师范大学:30-32.
赵乾坤,王治国,张光灿,等.2014.山西省水土保持功能区生态脆弱性评价[J].中国水土保持科学,12(6):16-22.
赵宇宁.2014.福建构建滨海湿地生态红线制度的若干战略问题研究[D].厦门:厦门大学.