济南市玉符河岩溶含水层多水源回灌补源水量优化方案
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摘要
随着济南市城区不断南扩,岩溶地下水补给受到严重影响。将地表水转化成地下水是解决济南市保泉和供水安全这一矛盾的现实途径,玉符河流域在其中发挥着关键作用。在玉符河已建成3个地下水回灌工程的基础上,确定合理的玉符河回灌放水流量和放水时间,使地表水能够有效地回灌到岩溶含水层中,减少第四系孔隙水无效补给以及地表水出境排泄显得尤为重要。本文选取济南泉域西部玉符河上游寨而头至南北大桥河段为研究区,结合水文地质条件和地层、岩性等资料,将研究区划分为4个子河段。利用Hydrus-2D对各个子河段的垂直以及侧向渗流进行数值模拟,模拟验证显示拟合效果良好后,继续对地下水位埋深最大、最小以及水位埋深处于两者之间三种情景进行模拟,得出回灌补源水量优化方案:当以约28万m3~·d~(-1)的小流量放水时,地下水位埋深较大的情况下,持续放水19.5d;在地下水位埋深较小的情况下,持续放水10.5d;在地下水位埋深位于最大和最小之间时,持续放水12.7d。
With steady expansion of the urban area of Ji'nan City,the supply of karst groundwater has been seriously affected.Under the current background,it is a practical way and important measure to transform surface water into groundwater for solving the contradiction between the protection of springs and the security of water supply,in which the Yufuhe river basin in the west of Ji'nan plays a key role.On the basis of three groundwater recharge projects built on the Yufuhe river,it is vital to determine the reasonable recharge volume and recharge time to ensure the limestone karst water recharge and reducing the invalid quaternary pore water recharge and the discharge of surface water.This work selected the section from Zhai'ertou to South-North Bridge upstream of the Yufuhe river as the target.Combining the hydrogeological conditions and other data of strata and lithology,this section was divided into 4 sub-reaches.Using Hydrus-2 Dto this work numerically simulated the vertical and lateral seepages of each sub-reach,yielding good results.Then we made further simulations on three scenarios with the maximum,medium and minimum groundwater depth,respectively.The modeling permitted to establish the optimal schemes of water quantity for recharge,which suggest that when the flow is about 280,000 m~3·d~(-1),a continuous discharge should be for 19.5 days,10.5 days and 12.7 days in the cases of maximum,medium and minimum groundwater depth,respectively.
With steady expansion of the urban area of Ji'nan City,the supply of karst groundwater has been seriously affected.Under the current background,it is a practical way and important measure to transform surface water into groundwater for solving the contradiction between the protection of springs and the security of water supply,in which the Yufuhe river basin in the west of Ji'nan plays a key role.On the basis of three groundwater recharge projects built on the Yufuhe river,it is vital to determine the reasonable recharge volume and recharge time to ensure the limestone karst water recharge and reducing the invalid quaternary pore water recharge and the discharge of surface water.This work selected the section from Zhai'ertou to South-North Bridge upstream of the Yufuhe river as the target.Combining the hydrogeological conditions and other data of strata and lithology,this section was divided into 4 sub-reaches.Using Hydrus-2 Dto this work numerically simulated the vertical and lateral seepages of each sub-reach,yielding good results.Then we made further simulations on three scenarios with the maximum,medium and minimum groundwater depth,respectively.The modeling permitted to establish the optimal schemes of water quantity for recharge,which suggest that when the flow is about 280,000 m~3·d~(-1),a continuous discharge should be for 19.5 days,10.5 days and 12.7 days in the cases of maximum,medium and minimum groundwater depth,respectively.
引文
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[20]李宝学,秦大军,郭艺,等.玉符河对济南岩溶水化学过程的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(1):190-198.
[21]李波.卧虎山水库对济南泉域岩溶水补给的影响[D].济南:济南大学,2011.
[22]樊玉苗.基于HYDRUS模型的农田土壤水分动态变化规律研究:以东北雨养区为例[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[23]李睿冉.Hydrus-2D模型在渠道渗漏数值模拟中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):71-74.
[24]汤英,徐立岗,张红玲,等.Hydrus-1D/2D在土壤水分入渗过程模拟中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22390-22393.
[25]武桂芝,郑西来,林国庆,等.季节性河道渗漏野外试验研究[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):74-78.
[26]孙斌,彭玉明.济南泉域边界条件、水循环特征及水环境问题[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):272-279.
[2]李旺林.从美国的ASR看我国地下水库的发展[N].中国水利报,2006-06-22.
[3]Ebrary I.Groundwater recharge using waters of impaired quality[M].Washington:National Academy,1994.
[4]Pyne R D G.Groundwater Recharge and Wells:A Guide to Aquifer storage Recovery[J].Corporate Blyd.n.w.boca,1995.
[5]McCarthy K A,McFarland W D,Wilkinson J M,et al.The dynamic relationship between groundwater and the Columbia River using deuterium and oxygen-18as tracers[J].Journal of Hydrology,1992,135(1-4):1-12.
[6]Balderer W,Synal H A,Deak J.Application of the chlorine-36method for the delineation of groundwater infiltration of large river systems[J].Environmental Geology,2004,46(6):755-762.
[7]Brinck E L,Frost C D.Detecting infiltration and impacts of introduced water using strontium isotopes[J].Ground Water,2007,45(5):554-568.
[8]Londo1o O M Q,Martínez D E,Dape1a C,et al.Hydrogeochemistry and isotope analyses used to determine groundwater recharge and flow in low-gradient catchments of the province of Buenos Aires,Argentina[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2008,16(6):1113-1127.
[9]罗玉峰,崔远来,郑祖金.河渠渗漏量计算方法研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,16(3):444-449.
[10]吉文平.河渠渗漏补给量计算方法的探讨[J].江苏水利,2007(12):15-16.
[11]李红良,李焯,李晓宇.黄河下游河段渗漏耗水量时空变化分析[J].华北水利水电学院学报,2013,34(6):4-7.
[12]张建友.杏花洪积扇超采区人工地下水回灌补源研究[D].太原:山西大学,2013.
[13]王维平,徐玉,何茂强,等.城市屋顶雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层的国内外案例介绍[J].中国岩溶,2010,29(3):325-329.
[14]王维平,孙小滨,曲士松.济南市有效利用城市屋面雨水回灌岩溶地下水探讨[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(3):20-26.
[15]Wang W,Page D,Zhou Y,et al.Roof runoff replenishment of groundwater in Jinan,China[J].Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,2015,20(3):B5014005.
[16]徐巧艺,李法金,黄强,等.平原漏斗区明沟-暗管-竖井含水层补给效果的模拟研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2016,35(3):26-31.
[17]黄强,孙广浩,李锦超,等.临清市地下水漏斗区含水层补给的数值模拟研究[J].水资源研究,2015(6):567-575.
[18]Rong Q,Wang W,Qu S,et al.A MAR to address the water with high content of suspended solid with a case study in the Yellow River flood plain,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,182:165-175.
[19]刘江,李波,杨增元,等.卧虎山水库对济南泉水影响的定量分析[J].水资源保护,2012,28(1):67-70.
[20]李宝学,秦大军,郭艺,等.玉符河对济南岩溶水化学过程的影响研究[J].工程地质学报,2017,25(1):190-198.
[21]李波.卧虎山水库对济南泉域岩溶水补给的影响[D].济南:济南大学,2011.
[22]樊玉苗.基于HYDRUS模型的农田土壤水分动态变化规律研究:以东北雨养区为例[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2015.
[23]李睿冉.Hydrus-2D模型在渠道渗漏数值模拟中的应用[J].节水灌溉,2012(11):71-74.
[24]汤英,徐立岗,张红玲,等.Hydrus-1D/2D在土壤水分入渗过程模拟中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(36):22390-22393.
[25]武桂芝,郑西来,林国庆,等.季节性河道渗漏野外试验研究[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(1):74-78.
[26]孙斌,彭玉明.济南泉域边界条件、水循环特征及水环境问题[J].中国岩溶,2014,33(3):272-279.