网络关系视角下电动汽车充电基础设施产业链演进
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摘要
本文通过对中国电动汽车充电基础设施的市场发展、运营情况和政策的分析,绘制了包括充电基础设施制造商、充电站/桩运营商和整体解决方案提供商,以及电动汽车用户在内的充电基础设施产业链全景图,并依据产业功能对178家代表性企业进行分类,进一步剖析了电动汽车充电基础设施产业链利益相关者的网络关系。在此基础上,结合产业特点将电动汽车充电基础设施产业发展划分为市场导入和市场扩张两个阶段,利用UCINET分析工具,分析了充电基础设施的市场导入和市场扩张阶段产业链各个利益相关者的点度中心性和中间中心性,并以点度中心性为分类依据,分别绘制了两个发展阶段的网络关系图谱。研究表明,随着产业发展产业链上的利益相关者越来越多,点度中心性和中间中心性排名前20的企业中民营企业、科技公司以及初创公司的比例逐渐增大,网络结构呈现复杂化,产业链上游、中游利益相关者的相互融合成为未来发展趋势。
To promote the development of charging infrastructure efficiently,this paper analyzes the development status of EV charging infrastructure market,operation and policies in China,and depicts a panorama of China ' s charging infrastructure industry chain,which contains Manufacturers, Operators, Solution Providers and Users. According to the different industrial functions, this paper classifies the 178 typical actors in Chinese charging infrastructure market and further analyzes the relationship networks. Combining withthe characteristics of industry,the article defines two development stages as Market Beginning and Market Growing. Then this paper analyzes the Degree Centrality( DC) and Betweeness Centrality( BC) of different actors for these two stages by UCINET,and also draws the network relationship map based on the Degree Centrality. The whole study shows that with the development of charging infrastructure industry, the stakeholders of this industry are increasing and the proportion of private-owned companies, technology companies and start-ups are gradually increasing in the top 20 enterprises both sorted by DC and BC. The relationship networks get more complicated between these actors,and the integration of stakeholders in upstream and midstream becomes a trend in the future.
To promote the development of charging infrastructure efficiently,this paper analyzes the development status of EV charging infrastructure market,operation and policies in China,and depicts a panorama of China ' s charging infrastructure industry chain,which contains Manufacturers, Operators, Solution Providers and Users. According to the different industrial functions, this paper classifies the 178 typical actors in Chinese charging infrastructure market and further analyzes the relationship networks. Combining withthe characteristics of industry,the article defines two development stages as Market Beginning and Market Growing. Then this paper analyzes the Degree Centrality( DC) and Betweeness Centrality( BC) of different actors for these two stages by UCINET,and also draws the network relationship map based on the Degree Centrality. The whole study shows that with the development of charging infrastructure industry, the stakeholders of this industry are increasing and the proportion of private-owned companies, technology companies and start-ups are gradually increasing in the top 20 enterprises both sorted by DC and BC. The relationship networks get more complicated between these actors,and the integration of stakeholders in upstream and midstream becomes a trend in the future.
引文
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[21]赵世佳,赵福全,郝瀚,等.中国新能源汽车充电基础设施发展现状与应对策略[J].中国科技论坛,2017(10):97-104.
[22]鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究[J].华中电力,2010(5):16-20.
[23]李苏秀,刘颖琦,KOKKO A.中国新能源汽车产业不同阶段商业模式创新特点及案例研究[J].经济问题探索,2017(8):158-168.
[24]LIU Y,KOKKO A. Who does what in China's new energy vehicle industry[J].Energy policy,2013,57:21-29.
[25]李苏秀,刘颖琦,王静宇,等.基于市场表现的中国新能源汽车产业发展政策剖析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(9):158-166.
[26]李亮,朱庆华.社会网络分析方法在合著分析中的实证研究[J].情报科学,2008(4):549-555.
[27]何地,郭燕青.社会网络视角下新能源汽车产业产学研创新网络的实证分析——以东北三省为例[J].技术经济,2016(12):52-59.
[2]Global Plug-in Vehicle Sales for 2017-Final Results. EV Sales Database[EB/OL]. http://www. ev-volumes. com/country/totalworld-plug-in-vehicle-volumes/.
[3]罗文雲,周浩,李金宝.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展现状综述[J].机电信息,2017(24):156-157.
[4]XYLIA M,LEDUC S,PATRIZIO P,et al. Developing a dynamic optimization model for electric bus charging infrastructure[J].Transportation research procedia,2017,27:776-783.
[5]XU H,MIAO S,ZHANG C,et al. Optimal placement of charging infrastructures for large-scale integration of pure electric vehicles into grid[J].INT J ELEC power,2013,53:159-165.
[6]郭春林,肖湘宁.电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法与模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013(13):70-75.
[7]肖湘宁,温剑锋,陶顺,等.电动汽车充电基础设施规划中若干关键问题的研究与建议[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(8):1-10.
[8]张成,滕欢.电动汽车充电站规划模型及评价方法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014(1):49-52.
[9]邓晨,梁艺.电动汽车充电市场运营模式研究——供应链合作博弈下的联盟策略[J].贵州商业高等专科学校学报,2011(3):29-34.
[10]何战勇.电动汽车充电站规划方法及运营模式研究[D].北京交通大学,2012:92.
[11]刘娟娟,曹胜兰.电动汽车充电桩运营模式研究[J].科技管理研究,2015(19):202-206.
[12]HARDINGHAUS M,BLMEL H,SEIDEL C. Charging infrastructure implementation for EVs-the case of Berlin[J].Transportation research procedia,2016,14:2594-2603.
[13]SOYLU T,ANDERSON J E,TTCHER N B,et al. Building up demand-oriented charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Germany[J].Transportation research procedia,2016(19):187-198.
[14]王娜,吴鹏飞,张博.我国电动汽车充电基础设施商业模式典型案例研究[J].汽车工业研究,2017(5):17-24.
[15]苗坤坤.北京市电动汽车基础设施商业模式创新研究[D].北京交通大学,2016:95.
[16]陈兵.车网协同创新驱动——中国普天城市充电设施网络运营实践和建议[J].交通与港航,2015(6):18-19.
[17]邹蕴涵.我国加快新能源车及充电站(桩)发展的政策研究[J].财经界(学术版),2017(19):4-6.
[18]张芳,邹俊.促进新能源汽车充电基础设施建设运用PPP模式的对策[J].重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版),2017(4):46-49.
[19]罗文雲,周浩,李金宝.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展现状综述[J].机电信息,2017(24):156-157.
[20]刘文峰,朱聪,李斌,等.我国电动汽车充换电基础设施标准的现状和发展建议[J].交通运输研究,2015(6):1-7.
[21]赵世佳,赵福全,郝瀚,等.中国新能源汽车充电基础设施发展现状与应对策略[J].中国科技论坛,2017(10):97-104.
[22]鲁莽,周小兵,张维.国内外电动汽车充电设施发展状况研究[J].华中电力,2010(5):16-20.
[23]李苏秀,刘颖琦,KOKKO A.中国新能源汽车产业不同阶段商业模式创新特点及案例研究[J].经济问题探索,2017(8):158-168.
[24]LIU Y,KOKKO A. Who does what in China's new energy vehicle industry[J].Energy policy,2013,57:21-29.
[25]李苏秀,刘颖琦,王静宇,等.基于市场表现的中国新能源汽车产业发展政策剖析[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2016(9):158-166.
[26]李亮,朱庆华.社会网络分析方法在合著分析中的实证研究[J].情报科学,2008(4):549-555.
[27]何地,郭燕青.社会网络视角下新能源汽车产业产学研创新网络的实证分析——以东北三省为例[J].技术经济,2016(12):52-59.