大樱桃的栽培方式对鼢鼠防治效果的影响
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摘要
[目的]探究大樱桃栽培中的鼢鼠防治措施。[方法]通过对样地坡向、大樱桃栽培深度、种植年限的探讨,分析大樱桃栽培中影响鼢鼠对植株危害情况变化的主要因素,总结防治鼢鼠的方法。[结果]在试验范围内,鼢鼠封洞率与种植年限不相关(P>0.05)。样地Ⅰ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=46.800,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.168,P=0.848);样地Ⅱ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=48.000,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.399,P=0.682);样地Ⅲ鼢鼠封洞率与栽培深度呈显著相关(F=58.036,P=0.000),与种植年限不相关(F=0.267,P=0.772)。鼢鼠对植株的致死率与坡向、种植年限均无显著相关(P>0.05),随着栽培深度加深,植株保存率呈先升高后降低的趋势,植株存活率与栽培深度显著相关(R~2=0.723 1)。[结论]试验范围内,大樱桃栽培深度为40 cm时,存活率显著高于其他栽培深度的植株保存率,鼢鼠防治效果最好,其结果与样地坡向、种植年限无明显关系。
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the control measures of zokors in the cultivation of large cherries.[Method] Through the discussion of the slope direction of the plot, the cultivation depth of the cherry, and the planting years, the main factors affecting the damage of the squirrel to the plant were analyzed, and the methods of controlling the mole were summarized.[Results] Within the experimental range, the sealing rate of the mole was not related to the planting age(P>0.05).The sealing rate of the plotting I was significantly correlated with the cultivation depth(F=46.800, P=0.000), which was not related to the planting years(F=0.168, P=0.848); the sealing rate and cultivation depth of the plot Ⅱ was significantly correlated(F=48.000, P=0.000), not related to planting years(F=0.399, P=0.682);the sealing rate of the plot III was significantly correlated with the cultivation depth(F=58.036, P=0.000), not related to the age of planting(F=0.267,P=0.772).There was no significant correlation between the lethal rate of the squirrels and the slope direction and planting years(P>0.05).With the deepening of the cultivation depth, the plant preservation rate increased first and then decreased, and the plant survival rate and cultivation depth were significant correlation(R~2=0.723 1).[Conclusion] Within the experimental range, when the cultivation depth of large cherry was 40 cm, the survival rate was significantly higher than that of other cultivation depths.The control effect of the squirrels was the best, and the results were not related to the slope orientation and planting years.
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the control measures of zokors in the cultivation of large cherries.[Method] Through the discussion of the slope direction of the plot, the cultivation depth of the cherry, and the planting years, the main factors affecting the damage of the squirrel to the plant were analyzed, and the methods of controlling the mole were summarized.[Results] Within the experimental range, the sealing rate of the mole was not related to the planting age(P>0.05).The sealing rate of the plotting I was significantly correlated with the cultivation depth(F=46.800, P=0.000), which was not related to the planting years(F=0.168, P=0.848); the sealing rate and cultivation depth of the plot Ⅱ was significantly correlated(F=48.000, P=0.000), not related to planting years(F=0.399, P=0.682);the sealing rate of the plot III was significantly correlated with the cultivation depth(F=58.036, P=0.000), not related to the age of planting(F=0.267,P=0.772).There was no significant correlation between the lethal rate of the squirrels and the slope direction and planting years(P>0.05).With the deepening of the cultivation depth, the plant preservation rate increased first and then decreased, and the plant survival rate and cultivation depth were significant correlation(R~2=0.723 1).[Conclusion] Within the experimental range, when the cultivation depth of large cherry was 40 cm, the survival rate was significantly higher than that of other cultivation depths.The control effect of the squirrels was the best, and the results were not related to the slope orientation and planting years.
引文
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[20] 徐世才,王丽娟,王欢,等.不同环境因子对甘肃鼢鼠体重的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(13):243-246.
[2] NOLTE D L.Developing approaches to reduce wildlife damage to forest resources[J].Western forester,2003(8):234-256.
[3] 郭永旺.2017年全国农区鼠害发生趋势分析[J].中国植保导刊,2017,37(2):50-52.
[4] 呼生荣.延安地区甘肃鼢鼠发生特点与防治对策[J].陕西林业科技,2005(3):24-25.
[5] 韩崇选,李金钢,杨学军,等.中国农林啮齿动物与科学管理[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2005:197-234.
[6] 李学军.谈甘肃鼢鼠对林业的危害及防治[J].农业开发与装备,2017(11):187.
[7] 陈生海.湟源县高原鼢鼠危险性分析[J].现代农业科技,2017(19):125-126.
[8] 韩崇选,杨学军,王明春,等.林区鼢鼠的综合管理研究[J].西北林学院学报,2002,17(3):53-57.
[9] 韩崇选,杨林.鼠类的危害与可持续控制技术研究[J].西北林学院学报,2003,18(1):49-52.
[10] 李建康,王春燕,王培新,等.不同整地方式对鼢鼠危害油松抑制作用研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):153-164.
[11] 张惠,申世永,张耀.榆林市大樱桃引种栽培适应性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(04):45-46.
[12] 文沛.大樱桃设施栽培技术初步研究[J].现代农业,2016(4):6-7.
[13] 辛晓辉,董晓波,杨泽春,等.黄土高原次改林地林下植被与鼢鼠种群结构的关系[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):118-125.
[14] 韩崇选,张放,李惠萍,等.退耕还林不同整地方式油松林地鼢鼠种群动态研究[J].西北林学院学报,2010,25(4):120-126.
[15] 刘志鹏.黄土高原地区土壤养分的空间分布及其影响因素[D].西安:中国科学院研究生院(教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心),2013.
[16] GUAN F Y,XIA M P,TANG X L,et al.Spatial variability of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents in Moso bamboo forests in Yong'an City, China[J].CATENA,2017,150:161-172.
[17] 刘吉平,吕宪国,杨青,等.三江平原环型湿地土壤养分的空间分布规律[J].土壤学报, 2006, 43(2):247-255.
[18] 王军,傅伯杰,邱扬,等.黄土高原小流域土壤养分的空间异质性[J].生态学报,2002,22(8):1173-1178.
[19] SHAO H B,LU H Y,XU G,et al.Integration into plant biology and soil science has provided insights into the total environment[J].Science of the total environment,2017,579:928-929.
[20] 徐世才,王丽娟,王欢,等.不同环境因子对甘肃鼢鼠体重的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2017(13):243-246.