宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性及群落组成
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摘要
2018年2月24日至5月5日,对宁夏阅海国家湿地公园及周边环境的鸟类种类及数量进行了调查.当地及周边生境主要包括水域、草本沼泽、绿化带、农田4种,在4种生境分别设置样带或样点进行观察.主要观察鸟类的物种和数量,并分别从鸟类的物种组成、居留型、分布型、保护级别、生态型、生境及群落多样性及鸟类动态等角度进行多方面分析.共进行11次调查,记录到鸟类96种,属15目,34科.采用Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou指数来分析当地春季鸟类的物种多样性和均匀性.研究发现宁夏阅海国家湿地公园春季鸟类物种多样性和均匀性较高,但稳定性较差,自然环境因素和人为干扰因素对鸟类栖息影响很大.最后针对鸟类保护提出建议.
From February 24 to May 5 2018, a survey has been conducted on the bird species and quantity of the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park and its surrounding environment.The local and surrounding habitats mainly include water areas, herbaceous swamps, green belts, and farmland. We selected belt and sample point in each of the four habitats for observation. The species and number of birds are mainly observed and analyzed in various aspects from species composition, residence type, distribution, protection level, ecological type, habitat and community diversity and bird dynamics of birds. A total of 11 investigations were conducted and 96 bird species were recorded, belonging to 15 orders and 34 families respectively. Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index were used to analyze the species diversity and evenness of local spring birds. The study found that the spring bird species diversity and homogeneity in the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park were high, but the stability was poor, and the natural and human disturbance factors had a great impact on the bird's habitat. Finally, suggestions are made for bird protection.
From February 24 to May 5 2018, a survey has been conducted on the bird species and quantity of the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park and its surrounding environment.The local and surrounding habitats mainly include water areas, herbaceous swamps, green belts, and farmland. We selected belt and sample point in each of the four habitats for observation. The species and number of birds are mainly observed and analyzed in various aspects from species composition, residence type, distribution, protection level, ecological type, habitat and community diversity and bird dynamics of birds. A total of 11 investigations were conducted and 96 bird species were recorded, belonging to 15 orders and 34 families respectively. Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index were used to analyze the species diversity and evenness of local spring birds. The study found that the spring bird species diversity and homogeneity in the Ningxia Yuehai National Wetland Park were high, but the stability was poor, and the natural and human disturbance factors had a great impact on the bird's habitat. Finally, suggestions are made for bird protection.
引文
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[22] Pellissier V,Cohen M.Birds are also sensitive to landscape composition and configuration within the city centre[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,104:181-188.
[23] Stagoll K,Manning A D.Using bird-habitat relationships to inform urban planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,98:13-25.
[24] Tryjanowski P,Morelli F.Bird diversity in urban green space:A large-scale analysis of differences between parks and cemeteries in Central Europe[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2017,27:264-271.
[25] Conole L E,Kirkpatrick J B.Functional and spatial differentiation of urban bird assemblages at the landscape scale[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,100:11-23.
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[27] Haig S M,Mehlman.D W,Oring L W.Avian movement and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation[J].Conservation Biology,1998,12(4):749- 758.
[2] Feng L,Han X X.Four decades of wetland changes of the largest freshwater lake in China:Possible linkage to the Three Gorges Dam?[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2016,176:43-55.
[3] 陈水华,丁平,郑光美,等.城市化对杭州市湿地水鸟群落的影响研究[J].动物学研究,2000,21(4):279-285.
[4] 何定富,刘家武,刘胜祥,等.湖北省湿地鸟类初步研究[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,35(2):196-202.
[5] 傅桐生,高玮,宋榆钧.鸟类分类及生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987.
[6] 冯玉璞.银川阅海国家湿地公园建设概述[J].宁夏农林科技,2011,52(12):171- 172.
[7] 全晓虎,米文宝,宋春玲.银川平原湿地生态系统保护、恢复与利用初步研究——以银川阅海湿地公园为例[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(5):72.
[8] 高德,张静,洪剑明,等.北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区冬季鸟类生境选择研究[J].湿地科学,2009,7(2):2-5.
[9] 赵欣如.野外观鸟手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[10] 郑光美.中国鸟类分布及分布名录[M].北京:科学出版社,2017.
[11] 张荣祖.中国动物地理[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[12] 宁夏回族自治区环保厅.宁夏生物多样性评价报告[R].出版地不详:出版者不详,2011.
[13] 王彦平,陈水华,丁平.惊飞距离—杭州常见鸟类对人为侵扰的适应性[J].动物学研究,2004,25(3):214-220.
[14] 胡天华,翟昊,王继飞.贺兰山地区冬季鸟类物种多样性调查[J].野生动物杂志,2008,29(6):302-304.
[15] 陈宏宇.达里诺尔自然保护区鸟类区系组成及群落结构的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2005:29-31.
[16] 赵雪冰.云南夜间迁徙鸟类研究[D].昆明:云南大学,2015:1-79.
[17] 谢少和.福建将石自然保护区冬季鸟类多样性分析[J].福建林业科技,2000,27(3):5-6.
[18] 高德,张静,洪剑明,等.北京野鸭湖湿地自然保护区秋冬季鸟类调查及保护研究[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(4):35-36.
[19] 宫蕾,张黎黎,周立志,等.长江中下游安庆沿江湖泊湿地夏季鸟类多样性调查[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(6):876-878.
[20] Elmore L M,Miller D A,Vilella F J.Selection of diurnal roosts by red bats(Lasiurus borealis) in an intensively managed pine forest in Mississippi[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,199:11-20.
[21] Threlfall C G,Williams M S G,et al.Approaches to urban vegetation management and the impacts on urban bird and bat assemblages[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2016,153:28-39.
[22] Pellissier V,Cohen M.Birds are also sensitive to landscape composition and configuration within the city centre[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2012,104:181-188.
[23] Stagoll K,Manning A D.Using bird-habitat relationships to inform urban planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2010,98:13-25.
[24] Tryjanowski P,Morelli F.Bird diversity in urban green space:A large-scale analysis of differences between parks and cemeteries in Central Europe[J].Urban Forestry & Urban Greening,2017,27:264-271.
[25] Conole L E,Kirkpatrick J B.Functional and spatial differentiation of urban bird assemblages at the landscape scale[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,100:11-23.
[26] Farmer A H,Parent A H.Effects of the landscape on shorebird movements at spring migration stopovers[J].Condor,1997,99:698- 707.
[27] Haig S M,Mehlman.D W,Oring L W.Avian movement and wetland connectivity in landscape conservation[J].Conservation Biology,1998,12(4):749- 758.