净化槽的应用与管理方法
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摘要
针对我国广大农村地区经济基础薄弱,居民生活污水分散排放等特点,分析了源于日本的一体化污水处理装置净化槽。经过多年发展,日本净化槽技术日趋完善,在管理方面,也形成了一系列合理的法律法规体系、技术标准体系和服务体系,支撑并规范着净化槽技术的推广和应用。净化槽具有安装简便,运行管理方式灵活的特点,尤其适用于农村污水分散式处理。对净化槽的发展、现有工艺、新技术、应用及日本对净化槽的管理方法进行分析,并指出了净化槽对中国特别是辽河保护区应用分散式污水处理方法的启示。
Aiming at the characteristics of poor economic foundation and decentralized discharge of residential sewage in wide rural areas in China, integrated wastewater treatment equipment named purification tank( Johkasou) which originated from Japan was analyzed. After decades of continuous development,purification tank technologies were getting mature in Japan. A series of reasonable laws and regulations system,technical standards system and service system in the management of the purification tanks had been formed,which had supported and regulated the technological dissemination and application of purification tanks. Purification tank has the characteristics of easily-installed and flexibly operated. These characteristics are suitable for the decentralized rural sewage treatment in China. The development,existing processes,new technologies,applications and managements of the purification tank in Japan were analyzed. Some revelations for China,especially for Liaohe Conservation Area,in applying decentralized wastewater treatment methods were pointed out.
Aiming at the characteristics of poor economic foundation and decentralized discharge of residential sewage in wide rural areas in China, integrated wastewater treatment equipment named purification tank( Johkasou) which originated from Japan was analyzed. After decades of continuous development,purification tank technologies were getting mature in Japan. A series of reasonable laws and regulations system,technical standards system and service system in the management of the purification tanks had been formed,which had supported and regulated the technological dissemination and application of purification tanks. Purification tank has the characteristics of easily-installed and flexibly operated. These characteristics are suitable for the decentralized rural sewage treatment in China. The development,existing processes,new technologies,applications and managements of the purification tank in Japan were analyzed. Some revelations for China,especially for Liaohe Conservation Area,in applying decentralized wastewater treatment methods were pointed out.
引文
[1]LIANG H W,GAO M,LIU J X,et al.A novell integrated stepfeed biofilm process for the treatment of decentralized domestic wastewater in rural areas of China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2010,22(3):321-327.
[2]刘峰,苏宏智,秦良.中国农村生活污水处理技术的研究现状[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(5):24-26.
[3]谭学军,张慧锋,张辰.农村生活污水收集与处理技术现状及进展[J].净水技术,2011,30(2):5-9.
[4]刘呈波,樊娟,石静,等.净化槽在农村生活污水处理中的应用前景分析[J].环境整治,2007(5):68-69.
[5]张志斌,张晓全,陶俊杰.我国城市污水处理中存在的问题及对策[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(2):174-176.
[6]路洪涛,袁宏林,简震,等.分散式污水处理与再生利用展望[J].环境科技,2009,22(1):76-78.
[7]汤宗武.分散式污水处理综述[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,18(9):103-104.
[8]潘晶,孙铁珩,李海波.分散式污水生态处理系统及应用[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):40-42.
[9]冯欣,赵军,郎咸明,等.净化槽技术在我国农村污水处理中的应用前景[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4165-4166.
[10]水落元之,小柳秀明,久山哲雄,等.日本分散型生活污水处理技术与设施建设状况分析[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(12):29-33.
[11]吴光前,孙新元,张齐生.净化槽技术在中国农村污水分散处理中的应用[J].环境科技,2010,23(6):36-40.
[12]许春莲,宋乾武,王文君,等.日本净化槽技术管理体系经验及启示[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(14):1-4.
[13]嵇欣.国外农村生活污水分散治理管理经验的启示[J].国外环保,2010(2):57-61.
[14]INAMOR Y I.Popularization and development of highperformance Johkasou[M].Tokyo:Gyose i Co,2002.
[15]Japan Education Center of Environmental Sanitation.History of Johkasous[EBOL].(2013-05-20).http:www.jeces.or.jpejohkasoujohkasou_hist.htm.
[16]程宇航.日本农村的家庭生活污水处理[J].异域观察,2012(7):55-58.
[17]李红兵.利用中空纤维膜对单独净化槽的改造研究[J].给水排水,1999,25(1):24-29.
[18]闵毅梅.日本净化槽技术在中国的推广前景[J].污染防治技术,2003,16(4):74-79.
[19]日本建築.浄化槽構造基準[M].東京:日本建築,2006.
[20]日本小住宅污水处理(自在建房网)[EBOL].(2011-06-11).http:www.zijianfang.cnhtmly20111355.html.
[21]NAKAGAWA G,EBIE Y,TSUNEDA S,et al.Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between ammonia oxidizing bacterial populations and nitrogen removal efficiency in a small decentralized treatment system‘Johkasou’[J].Water Sci Technol,2007,55(7):203-210.
[22]EBIE Y,KONDO T,KADOYA N,et al.Recovery oriented phosphorus adsorption process in decentralized advanced Johkasou[J].Water Sci Technol,2008,57(12):1977-1981.
[23]杨岳平,徐新华,刘传富.废水处理工程及实例分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:59-64.
[24]PHILIPPI L S,de COSTA R H R,SEZERINO P H.Domestic effluent treatment through integrated system of septic tank and root zone[J].Water Sci Technol,1999,40(3):125-131.
[25]BOLLER M.Small wastewater treatment plants:a challenge to waste water engineer[J].Water Sci Technol,1997,35(6):1-12.
[26]NAKAGAWA S,MATSUO H,MOTOYAMA M,et al.Behavior of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Johkasou improved septic tank in Japan[J].Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,2009,83:328-333.
[27]KANEKO M,NAMBU T,TOKORO M.Behaviour of pathogenic E.coli and Salmonella enteritidis in small domestic sewage treatment apparatus(“Johkasou”)[J].Water Sci Technol,2001,43(12):191-193.
[28]卜宇岚,王昶,刘继辉.建设社会主义新农村的技术性推动力-浅谈小型多功能净化槽在农村污水处理中的作用[J].企业家天地,2008(7):154-156.
[29]范彬,武洁玮,刘超,等.美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(10):6-10.
[30]范彬.日本农村生活污水治理的组织管理与启示[J].水工业场,2010(1):24-27.
[31]郭思.关于农村污水治理项目供给主体的探讨[J].交流平台,2011(5):61-64.
[32]净化槽管理士培训教材:净化槽的维护与管理:第2册[M].东京:日本环境整备教育中心出版社,2002.
[33]沈哲,黄劼,刘平养.治理农村生活污水的国际经验借鉴[J].价值理论与实践,2013(2):49-50.
[34]李无双,王洪阳,潘淑.农村分散式生活污水现状与处理技术进展[J].天津农业科学,2008,14(6):75-77.
[35]杨利伟,黄廷林,周岳溪,等.农村分散式污水处理的适宜技术[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9199-9201.
[36]李海明.农村生活污水分散式处理系统与实用技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(9):177-181.
[2]刘峰,苏宏智,秦良.中国农村生活污水处理技术的研究现状[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(5):24-26.
[3]谭学军,张慧锋,张辰.农村生活污水收集与处理技术现状及进展[J].净水技术,2011,30(2):5-9.
[4]刘呈波,樊娟,石静,等.净化槽在农村生活污水处理中的应用前景分析[J].环境整治,2007(5):68-69.
[5]张志斌,张晓全,陶俊杰.我国城市污水处理中存在的问题及对策[J].山东建筑大学学报,2007,22(2):174-176.
[6]路洪涛,袁宏林,简震,等.分散式污水处理与再生利用展望[J].环境科技,2009,22(1):76-78.
[7]汤宗武.分散式污水处理综述[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,18(9):103-104.
[8]潘晶,孙铁珩,李海波.分散式污水生态处理系统及应用[J].安全与环境学报,2007,7(1):40-42.
[9]冯欣,赵军,郎咸明,等.净化槽技术在我国农村污水处理中的应用前景[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(7):4165-4166.
[10]水落元之,小柳秀明,久山哲雄,等.日本分散型生活污水处理技术与设施建设状况分析[J].中国给水排水,2012,28(12):29-33.
[11]吴光前,孙新元,张齐生.净化槽技术在中国农村污水分散处理中的应用[J].环境科技,2010,23(6):36-40.
[12]许春莲,宋乾武,王文君,等.日本净化槽技术管理体系经验及启示[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(14):1-4.
[13]嵇欣.国外农村生活污水分散治理管理经验的启示[J].国外环保,2010(2):57-61.
[14]INAMOR Y I.Popularization and development of highperformance Johkasou[M].Tokyo:Gyose i Co,2002.
[15]Japan Education Center of Environmental Sanitation.History of Johkasous[EBOL].(2013-05-20).http:www.jeces.or.jpejohkasoujohkasou_hist.htm.
[16]程宇航.日本农村的家庭生活污水处理[J].异域观察,2012(7):55-58.
[17]李红兵.利用中空纤维膜对单独净化槽的改造研究[J].给水排水,1999,25(1):24-29.
[18]闵毅梅.日本净化槽技术在中国的推广前景[J].污染防治技术,2003,16(4):74-79.
[19]日本建築.浄化槽構造基準[M].東京:日本建築,2006.
[20]日本小住宅污水处理(自在建房网)[EBOL].(2011-06-11).http:www.zijianfang.cnhtmly20111355.html.
[21]NAKAGAWA G,EBIE Y,TSUNEDA S,et al.Use of real-time PCR to examine the relationship between ammonia oxidizing bacterial populations and nitrogen removal efficiency in a small decentralized treatment system‘Johkasou’[J].Water Sci Technol,2007,55(7):203-210.
[22]EBIE Y,KONDO T,KADOYA N,et al.Recovery oriented phosphorus adsorption process in decentralized advanced Johkasou[J].Water Sci Technol,2008,57(12):1977-1981.
[23]杨岳平,徐新华,刘传富.废水处理工程及实例分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:59-64.
[24]PHILIPPI L S,de COSTA R H R,SEZERINO P H.Domestic effluent treatment through integrated system of septic tank and root zone[J].Water Sci Technol,1999,40(3):125-131.
[25]BOLLER M.Small wastewater treatment plants:a challenge to waste water engineer[J].Water Sci Technol,1997,35(6):1-12.
[26]NAKAGAWA S,MATSUO H,MOTOYAMA M,et al.Behavior of endocrine disrupting chemicals in Johkasou improved septic tank in Japan[J].Bull Environ Contam Toxicol,2009,83:328-333.
[27]KANEKO M,NAMBU T,TOKORO M.Behaviour of pathogenic E.coli and Salmonella enteritidis in small domestic sewage treatment apparatus(“Johkasou”)[J].Water Sci Technol,2001,43(12):191-193.
[28]卜宇岚,王昶,刘继辉.建设社会主义新农村的技术性推动力-浅谈小型多功能净化槽在农村污水处理中的作用[J].企业家天地,2008(7):154-156.
[29]范彬,武洁玮,刘超,等.美国和日本乡村污水治理的组织管理与启示[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(10):6-10.
[30]范彬.日本农村生活污水治理的组织管理与启示[J].水工业场,2010(1):24-27.
[31]郭思.关于农村污水治理项目供给主体的探讨[J].交流平台,2011(5):61-64.
[32]净化槽管理士培训教材:净化槽的维护与管理:第2册[M].东京:日本环境整备教育中心出版社,2002.
[33]沈哲,黄劼,刘平养.治理农村生活污水的国际经验借鉴[J].价值理论与实践,2013(2):49-50.
[34]李无双,王洪阳,潘淑.农村分散式生活污水现状与处理技术进展[J].天津农业科学,2008,14(6):75-77.
[35]杨利伟,黄廷林,周岳溪,等.农村分散式污水处理的适宜技术[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9199-9201.
[36]李海明.农村生活污水分散式处理系统与实用技术研究[J].环境科学与技术,2009,32(9):177-181.