覆膜对柠檬园杂草群落的影响
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摘要
对云南瑞丽市柠檬园的杂草群落进行调查,比较覆膜和露地柠檬园杂草群落的差异。结果显示:柠檬园RG样地(覆膜种植,不使用除草剂)杂草有9目9科18种,柠檬园RH样地(露地种植,每年使用除草剂5次)杂草有8目8科23种,柠檬园RI样地(覆膜种植,每年使用除草剂3次)杂草有9目9科23种。3种类型柠檬园杂草的物种丰富度无显著差异;杂草密度有显著差异,RH样地的杂草密度显著高于RG和RI样地。覆膜柠檬园中的白茅草(Imperatacylindrica)、狗牙根(Cynodondactylon)、芨芨草(Achnatherumsplendens)及双穗雀稗(Paspalumdistichum)等在露地柠檬园中未发现,覆膜柠檬园的杂草总密度显著降低。RG样地的优势种为马唐(Digitariasanguinalis)、藿香蓟(Ageratumconyzoides)、鬼针草(Bidenspilosa)及阔叶丰花草(Borrerialatifolia);RH样地的优势种为铁线草(Cynodondactylon)及水蜈蚣(Kyllingabrevifolia);RI样地的优势种为马唐及藿香蓟。覆膜柠檬园水蜈蚣和铁线草的密度显著低于露地柠檬园。RG样地的指示物种为鬼针草和阔叶丰花草;RH样地的指示物种为铁线草和水蜈蚣;RI样地的指示物种为藿香蓟。覆膜种植对柠檬园杂草有较好的控制效果,可使园内杂草密度维持在较低水平。
A survey of weed communities in the lemon orchard in Ruili city, Yunnan province, was conducted to compare the differences in weed communities between covered and open lemon gardens. The result showed that18 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in the lemon orchard RG(plastic film mulching, no herbicide), 23 species of weeds belonging to8 families and 8 orders were found in lemon orchard RH(open field planting, using herbicides 5 times a year) and 23 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in lemon orchard RI(plastic film mulching, using herbicides 3 times a year). There was no significant difference in the species richness of weeds while there were significant differences in weed density in the 3 types of lemon orchards; and the weed density in the RH plots was significantly higher than that in the RG and RI plots. Imperata cylindrical, Cynodon dactylon, Achnatherum splendens and Paspalum distichum grew in the plastic film mulching lemon orchards, but didn't in the open lemon orchard. Total weed density was significantly decreased in the plastic film mulching lemon orchard compared to the open lemon orchard. Digitaria sanguinalis, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the dominant weed species in RG plot; Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the dominant weed species in RH plot; Digitaria sanguinalis and Ageratum conyzoides were the dominant weed species in RI plot.The densities of Kyllinga brevifolia and Cynodon dactylon in plastic film mulching RG and RI plots were significantly lower than those in the open lemon orchard. Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the indicator species of RG plot; Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the indicator species of RH plot; Ageratum conyzoides was the indicator species of RI plot. Thus, plastic film mulching in lemon orchards showed better results on weed control, and the weeds could be maintained at low levels.
A survey of weed communities in the lemon orchard in Ruili city, Yunnan province, was conducted to compare the differences in weed communities between covered and open lemon gardens. The result showed that18 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in the lemon orchard RG(plastic film mulching, no herbicide), 23 species of weeds belonging to8 families and 8 orders were found in lemon orchard RH(open field planting, using herbicides 5 times a year) and 23 species of weeds belonging to 9 families and 9 orders were found in lemon orchard RI(plastic film mulching, using herbicides 3 times a year). There was no significant difference in the species richness of weeds while there were significant differences in weed density in the 3 types of lemon orchards; and the weed density in the RH plots was significantly higher than that in the RG and RI plots. Imperata cylindrical, Cynodon dactylon, Achnatherum splendens and Paspalum distichum grew in the plastic film mulching lemon orchards, but didn't in the open lemon orchard. Total weed density was significantly decreased in the plastic film mulching lemon orchard compared to the open lemon orchard. Digitaria sanguinalis, Ageratum conyzoides, Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the dominant weed species in RG plot; Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the dominant weed species in RH plot; Digitaria sanguinalis and Ageratum conyzoides were the dominant weed species in RI plot.The densities of Kyllinga brevifolia and Cynodon dactylon in plastic film mulching RG and RI plots were significantly lower than those in the open lemon orchard. Bidens pilosa and Borreria latifolia were the indicator species of RG plot; Cynodon dactylon and Kyllinga brevifolia were the indicator species of RH plot; Ageratum conyzoides was the indicator species of RI plot. Thus, plastic film mulching in lemon orchards showed better results on weed control, and the weeds could be maintained at low levels.
引文
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[20]王瑞龙,韩萌,梁笑婷,等.三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(增刊1):1026-1030.
[21]朱慧,吴双桃.华南地区入侵杂草藿香蓟叶挥发油的成分鉴定[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(6):100-106.
[22]曹晓晓,柴丽君,蔡晓梦,等.外来入侵植物阔叶丰花草的生长与繁殖特性[J].温州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(2):29-35.
[23]涂璟,李巧,卢志兴,等.昆明市松花坝水源保护区云南松林植物多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):65-72.
[2]HOU X Y,WANG F X,HAN J J,et al.Duration of plastic mulch for potato growth under drip irrigation in an arid region of Northwest China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2010,150(1):115-121.
[3]ANIKWE M A N,MBAH C N,EZEAKU P I,et al.Tillage and plastic mulch effects on soil properties and growth and yield of cocoyam(Colocasia esculenta)on an ultisol in southeastern Nigeria[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2007,93(2):264-272.
[4]张怡,吕世华,马静,等.冬季水分管理和水稻覆膜栽培对川中丘陵地区冬水田CH4排放的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(4):1095-1103.
[5]查丽,谢孟林,朱敏,等.垄作与覆膜对川中丘陵春玉米根系分布及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(3):855-862.
[6]王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌与沟灌马铃薯覆膜效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):99-102.
[7]崔必波,韩勇,王伟义,等.起垄覆膜与土壤脱盐剂对江苏沿海中重度盐碱地棉花成苗和产量的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(4):339-344.
[8]高赟,张建明,李明霞,等.马铃薯覆膜种植对杂草群落的影响[J].植物保护,2018(2):195-198.
[9]赵欣,林超文,徐明桥,等.水稻覆膜处理对稻田杂草多样性的影响[J].生物多样性,2009,17(2):195-200.
[10]高俊燕,周东果,岳建强,等.费米耐劳柠檬引种研究初报[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(3):760-763.
[11]彭成绩,蔡明段.现代柠檬栽培彩色图说[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2010.
[12]岳建强,杨恩聪.优质柠檬早结丰产栽培新技术[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社,2009.
[13]COSTA L,MATEUS C,STRASSEN R Z,et al.Thrips(Thysanoptera)associated to lemon orchards in the Oeste region of Portugal[J].Bulletin Oilb/srop,2006,29(3):285-291.
[14]周小刚,张辉.四川农田常见杂草原色图谱[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,2006.
[15]莫南,武卫,张晓梅.云南西南边陲常见外来杂草原色图谱[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社,2013.
[16]CHAO A,GOTELLI N J,HSIEH T C,et al.Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers:a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies[J].Ecological Monographs,2014,84(1):45-67.
[17]CLARKE K R,GORLEY RN.PRIMER v6 User Manual and Program[M].Plymouth:PRIMER-E Ltd,2006.
[18]TEAM R C.R:A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing[M].Vienna:R Foundation for Statistical Computing,2012.
[19]刘芳,殷红,郭范顺,等.不同种植方式对玉米田杂草群落及生长发育的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(4):203-207.
[20]王瑞龙,韩萌,梁笑婷,等.三叶鬼针草生物量分配与化感作用对大气温度升高的响应[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(增刊1):1026-1030.
[21]朱慧,吴双桃.华南地区入侵杂草藿香蓟叶挥发油的成分鉴定[J].西北林学院学报,2011,26(6):100-106.
[22]曹晓晓,柴丽君,蔡晓梦,等.外来入侵植物阔叶丰花草的生长与繁殖特性[J].温州大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(2):29-35.
[23]涂璟,李巧,卢志兴,等.昆明市松花坝水源保护区云南松林植物多样性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2012,27(4):65-72.