CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在肿瘤研究及治疗中的应用
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摘要
<正>恶性肿瘤严重威胁着我们的健康,根据国家癌症中心发布的全国癌症统计数据显示,2014年我国恶性肿瘤估计新发病例数380. 4万例(男性211. 4万例,女性169. 0万例),2015年这一数字达到400万。恶性肿瘤是由遗传因素、环境因素及机体免疫系统等在内的多种因素共同作用下所引发的,其发病机制复杂,目前还不能完全阐明其具体机制。此外,恶性肿瘤的治疗主要依赖于放、化疗及手术治疗,但对于放、化疗均不耐受或已经处于晚期、失去手术机会的患者仍然没有一种有效且具有特异性的治疗方法,这些导致恶性肿瘤患者的治愈率不高且预后极差。CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术发展迅猛,具有广泛的应用前景,研究人员开创性地将其应用到肿瘤的研究中,探索复杂的肿
引文
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[3] Barrangou R,Fremaux C,Deveau H,et al. CRISPR provides acquired resistance against viruses in prokaryotes〔J〕. Science,2007,315(5819):1709-1712.
[4] Wang MY,Yang YN,Bian HW,et al. New genome targeting modification technology using a CRISPR-Cas system〔J〕. Chinese Journal of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology,2014,30(5):426-433.
[5] Makarova KS,Wolf YI,Alkhnbashi OS,et al. An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems〔J〕. Nat Rev Microbiol,2015,13(11):722-736.
[6] Makarova KS,Haft DH,Barrangou R,et al. Evolution and classification of the CRISPR-Cas systems〔J〕. Nat Rev Microbiol,2011,9(6):467-477.
[7] Tan WS,Carlson DF,Walton MW,et al. Precision editing of large animal genomes〔J〕. Adv Genet,2012,80:37-97.
[8] Jao LE,Wente SR,Chen W. Efficient multiplex biallelic zebrafish genome editing using a CRISPR nuclease system〔J〕. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2013,110(34):13904-13909.
[9] Li W,Teng F,Li T,et al. Simultaneous generation and germline transmission of multiple gene mutations in rat using CRISPR-Cas systems〔J〕. Nature Biotech,2013,31(8):684-686.
[10] Haft DH,Selengut J,Mongodin EF,et al. A guild of 45 CRISPR-associated(Cas)protein families and multiple CRISPR/Cas subtypes exist in prokaryotic genomes〔J〕. Plos Computational Biol,2005,1(6):e60.
[11] Dow LE,Lowe SW. Life in the fast lane:mammalian disease models in the genomics era〔J〕. Cell,2012,148(6):1099-1109.
[12] Xue W,Chen S,Yin H,et al. CRISPR-mediated direct mutation of cancer genes in the mouse liver〔J〕. Nature,2014,514(7522):380-384.
[13] Platt RJ,Chen S,Zhou Y,et al. CRISPR-Cas9 knockin mice for genome editing and cancer modeling〔J〕. Cell,2014,159(2):440-55.
[14] Mao XY,Dai JX,Zhou HH,et al. Brain tumor modeling using the CRISPR/Cas9 system:state of the art and view to the future〔J〕. Oncotarget,2016,7(22):33461-33471.
[15]汪超甲,王辉,胡钧涛,等. CRISPR/Cas9敲除pyk2基因对人脑胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的影响〔J〕.生物技术进展,2017,7(4):338-344,封3.
[16] Mei Y,Wang Y,Chen H,et al. Recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9technology〔J〕. J Gene Geno,2016,43(2):63-75.
[17] Joung J,Konermann S,Gootenberg JS,et al. Genome-scale CRISPRCas9 knockout and transcriptional activation screening〔J〕. Nat Protoc,2017,12(4):828-863.
[18] Konermann S,Brigham MD,Trevino AE,et al. Genome-scale transcriptional activation by an engineered CRISPR-Cas9 complex〔J〕. Nature,2015,517(7536):583-588.
[19] Korkmaz G,Rui L,Ugalde AP,et al. Functional genetic screens for enhancer elements in the human genome using CRISPR-Cas9〔J〕.Nature Biotechnology,2016,34(2):192.
[20] Simona V,Hamid D,Matthias B,et al. ASXL1mutation correction by CRISPR/Cas9 restores gene function in leukemia cells and increases survival in mouse xenografts〔J〕. Oncotarget,2015,6(42):44061-44071.
[21] Eyquem J,Mansilla-Soto J,Giavridis T,et al. Targeting a CAR to the TRAC locus with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances tumour rejection〔J〕. Nature,2017,543(7643):113-117.
[22]陈艳新,袁圆阳,蒋永帅,等. CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术敲除Hu T-78细胞PD-1分子对其增殖能力的影响〔J〕.现代免疫学,2017,37(3):218-222.