清西湖行宫园林历史沿革与造园特色研究
|
摘要
西湖行宫初创于康熙,兴盛于乾隆,是清帝南巡线路上一座重要的也是目前保存较为完整的行宫。西湖行宫后苑园林体现了我国古典园林成熟期的高超水平,是清代皇家行宫园林的重要例证。以西湖行宫园林为研究对象,梳理其变迁脉络,论证西湖行宫的初创时间为康熙四十二年(1703年),利用古代文献和图像资料对行宫园林的变迁过程进行深入分析,认为雍正时期浙江总督李卫的圣因寺山园开发奠定了乾隆时期"西湖行宫八景"的基础,总结西湖行宫的园林特色表现在因山构园、院落结构与八景题名等方面。
The West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace, first established in Kangxi period and prosperous in Qianlong period,is not only an important temporary imperial palace on the southern tour line of the Qing emperors, but also a comparatively complete palace preserved now. The garden of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace reflects the superb level of the mature period of Chinese classical gardens and is an important example of the imperial palace garden in Qing Dynasty. Taking the garden as the research object, the author summarized its history, and proved the establishment time of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace was forty-two years of the Kangxi period(1703). By using the ancient literature and image data, the author analyzed the changing deeply and concluded that the development of Shengyin Temple mountain by governor Li Wei laid the foundation for the "Eight Scenes of the West Lake Palace" during the Qianlong period.The garden features of the West Lake Palace were summarized as building gardens according to mountain, courtyard structure, and eight scenic patterns.
The West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace, first established in Kangxi period and prosperous in Qianlong period,is not only an important temporary imperial palace on the southern tour line of the Qing emperors, but also a comparatively complete palace preserved now. The garden of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace reflects the superb level of the mature period of Chinese classical gardens and is an important example of the imperial palace garden in Qing Dynasty. Taking the garden as the research object, the author summarized its history, and proved the establishment time of the West Lake Temporary Imperial Palace was forty-two years of the Kangxi period(1703). By using the ancient literature and image data, the author analyzed the changing deeply and concluded that the development of Shengyin Temple mountain by governor Li Wei laid the foundation for the "Eight Scenes of the West Lake Palace" during the Qianlong period.The garden features of the West Lake Palace were summarized as building gardens according to mountain, courtyard structure, and eight scenic patterns.
引文
[1]孔俊婷,王其亨.法天则地揭意象:清代行宫园林选址考析[J].清史研究,2005(4):85-95.
[2]王征宇.清西湖行宫遗址调查报告[G]//西湖学论丛(第三辑).杭州:杭州出版社,2010:41.
[3]徐卉风.西湖行宫及其八景[J].紫禁城,2014(S1):100-104.
[4]叶盛.杭州孤山康熙行宫与乾隆行宫之比较分析[J].文博,2017(3):67-71.
[5]邵玉贞.西湖孤山[M].杭州:杭州出版社,2013:1.
[6](清)和珅,等.大清一统志[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成.第1册:正史及全国地理志等中的西湖史料专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:296.
[7](清)高晋,等.南巡盛典[Z].乾隆二十九年刻本.卷九十二.
[8](清)佚名.圣祖五幸江南全录[Z].振绮堂丛书本.清宣统庚戌年.
[9](清)嵇曾筠.雍正浙江通志[M].上海:商务印书馆,1936:383,3872.
[10](清)张我观.覆甕集[Z].雍正四年刻本·卷六.
[11](清)李卫监修,傅王露总纂.西湖志[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第4册:清代史志西湖文献专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004.
[12](清)沈德潜,梁诗正,等.西湖志纂[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第7册:清代史志西湖文献专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:90.
[13](清)于敏中,英廉,等.日下旧闻考[G]//四库全书本·卷八十五.
[14](民国)胡祥翰.西湖新志[M].台北:文海出版社,1975:263.
[15]施奠东.西湖志[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1995:190.
[16]杭州市园林文物管理局.西湖风景园林(1949-1989)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:74.
[17]李虹.西湖老照片[M].杭州:杭州出版社,2005:105.
[18]金学智.中国园林美学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:315.
(1)雍正《浙江通志》《大清一统志》、民国《杭州府志》称西湖行宫创建于“康熙四十二年”,《南巡盛典》记载为“康熙四十四年”,雍正《西湖志》中则有“康熙四十六年”和“康熙四十四年”2种不同的记载。
[2]王征宇.清西湖行宫遗址调查报告[G]//西湖学论丛(第三辑).杭州:杭州出版社,2010:41.
[3]徐卉风.西湖行宫及其八景[J].紫禁城,2014(S1):100-104.
[4]叶盛.杭州孤山康熙行宫与乾隆行宫之比较分析[J].文博,2017(3):67-71.
[5]邵玉贞.西湖孤山[M].杭州:杭州出版社,2013:1.
[6](清)和珅,等.大清一统志[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成.第1册:正史及全国地理志等中的西湖史料专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:296.
[7](清)高晋,等.南巡盛典[Z].乾隆二十九年刻本.卷九十二.
[8](清)佚名.圣祖五幸江南全录[Z].振绮堂丛书本.清宣统庚戌年.
[9](清)嵇曾筠.雍正浙江通志[M].上海:商务印书馆,1936:383,3872.
[10](清)张我观.覆甕集[Z].雍正四年刻本·卷六.
[11](清)李卫监修,傅王露总纂.西湖志[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第4册:清代史志西湖文献专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004.
[12](清)沈德潜,梁诗正,等.西湖志纂[M]//王国平.西湖文献集成·第7册:清代史志西湖文献专辑.杭州:杭州出版社,2004:90.
[13](清)于敏中,英廉,等.日下旧闻考[G]//四库全书本·卷八十五.
[14](民国)胡祥翰.西湖新志[M].台北:文海出版社,1975:263.
[15]施奠东.西湖志[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1995:190.
[16]杭州市园林文物管理局.西湖风景园林(1949-1989)[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1990:74.
[17]李虹.西湖老照片[M].杭州:杭州出版社,2005:105.
[18]金学智.中国园林美学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:315.
(1)雍正《浙江通志》《大清一统志》、民国《杭州府志》称西湖行宫创建于“康熙四十二年”,《南巡盛典》记载为“康熙四十四年”,雍正《西湖志》中则有“康熙四十六年”和“康熙四十四年”2种不同的记载。