絮凝剂对小球藻采收和生物柴油制备影响研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化及工业化的发展,能源危机已成为面临的重要挑战,小球藻是用于制备生物柴油的重要来源,是缓解能源紧张的有效途径。文章选用氢氧化钙、三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝、壳聚糖、琼脂粉等5种絮凝剂,研究对小球藻采收率的影响,并考察了氢氧化钙、三氯化铁、聚合氯化铝对小球藻油脂提取及生物柴油制备的影响。结果表明:5种絮凝剂中,氢氧化钙、三氯化铁和聚合氯化铝对普通小球藻的采收效果较好,其最高采收率可分别达86%、95%、98.3%;絮凝采收的小球藻的脂质提取量高于离心法收获的,而使用三氯化铁和聚合氯化铝收获的小球藻的脂肪酸甲酯的提取量高于氢氧化钙絮凝收获的;三氯化铁及聚合氯化铝对小球藻的采收以及制取生物柴油效果更好。
With the development of urbanization and industrialization in China,the energy pressure is increasing. Chlorella vulgaris( C. vulgaris) contains rich oil,and can be used to prepare biodiesel to alleviate the problem of energy shortage. The flocculation effects of C. vulgaris with Ca( OH)2,FeCl3,Polyaluminum chloride( PAC),chitosan and powdered agar were evaluated. The effects of part of flocculants,such as Ca( OH)2,FeCl3,and PAC,on lipid extraction and FAME production were also investigated. The degree of influence is different. Compared with chitosan and powderagar,Ca( OH)2,FeCl3 and PAC have high efficiencies on Chlorella vulgaris flocculation. The highest flocculation efficiencies are 86%,95% and 98. 3%,respectively. Furthermore,the lipid contents of Chlorella vulgaris harvested by flocculants are higher than that of microalgae lipid by centrifugal method and the FAME yield of C. vulgaris harvested by FeCl3 and PAC is higher than treatment by Ca( OH)2. Overall consideration,FeCl3 and PAC have better effect on the harvesting of Chlorella and biodiesel production.
With the development of urbanization and industrialization in China,the energy pressure is increasing. Chlorella vulgaris( C. vulgaris) contains rich oil,and can be used to prepare biodiesel to alleviate the problem of energy shortage. The flocculation effects of C. vulgaris with Ca( OH)2,FeCl3,Polyaluminum chloride( PAC),chitosan and powdered agar were evaluated. The effects of part of flocculants,such as Ca( OH)2,FeCl3,and PAC,on lipid extraction and FAME production were also investigated. The degree of influence is different. Compared with chitosan and powderagar,Ca( OH)2,FeCl3 and PAC have high efficiencies on Chlorella vulgaris flocculation. The highest flocculation efficiencies are 86%,95% and 98. 3%,respectively. Furthermore,the lipid contents of Chlorella vulgaris harvested by flocculants are higher than that of microalgae lipid by centrifugal method and the FAME yield of C. vulgaris harvested by FeCl3 and PAC is higher than treatment by Ca( OH)2. Overall consideration,FeCl3 and PAC have better effect on the harvesting of Chlorella and biodiesel production.
引文
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[19]张海洋,匡亚莉,林喆,等.微藻絮凝条件优化及絮体结构特征研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(12):97-102.
[20] Perez L,Luis Salgueiro J,Maceiras R,et al. An effective method for harvesting of marine microalgae:pH induced flocculation[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2017,97:20-26.
[21]张芳,程丽华,徐新华,等.能源微藻采收及油脂提取技术[J].化学进展,2012,24(10):2062-2072.
[22]娄永江,宋美,魏丹丹,等.三氯化铁的絮凝机制与研究趋势[J].食品与生物技术学报,2016,35(7):673-676.
[23] Kim D Y,Lee K,Lee J,et al. Acidified-flocculation process for harvesting of microalgae:Coagulant reutilization and metal-freemicroalgae recovery[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,239:190.
[2]熊伟,黄云,付乾,等.微藻生物膜营养环境对微藻生长和油脂积累影响[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2463-2469.
[3]郭锁链,赵心清,白凤武,等.微藻采收方法的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(4):721-728.
[4]高伟,李倩,李林,等.三种絮凝剂对球等鞭金藻絮凝作用[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2631-2634.
[5]黄振华,柯爱英,池伟,等.7种试剂对3种饵料微藻絮凝效应的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(15):7734-7736,7741.
[6]丁进锋,赵凤敏,曹有福,等.PAC絮凝小球藻的动力学研究[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(3):203-207.
[7]薛蓉,陆向红,卢美贞,等.絮凝法采收小球藻的研究[J].可再生能源,2012,30(9):80-84.
[8] Lama S,Muylaert K,Karki T B,et al. Flocculation properties of several microalgae and a cyanobacterium species during ferric chloride,chitosan and alkaline flocculation[J]. Bioresource Technology,2016,220:464-470.
[9] Chatsungnoen T,Chisti Y. Harvesting microalgae by flocculationsedimentation[J]. Algal Research,2016,13:271-283.
[10] Dong Y,Lee K. Acidified-flocculation process for harvesting of microalgae[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,239:190-196.
[11]韩松芳,金文标,涂仁杰,等.细菌对城市污水中斜生栅藻生长与产脂的影响[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(10):3867-3872.
[12]吕旭阳,张雯,杨阳,等.分光光度法测定小球藻数量的方法研究[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(23):11104-11105.
[13]曲孟.海水小球藻絮凝采收与藻油提取工艺的初步试验研究[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2014.
[14]杨高翔,陈锐,沈子恒,等.剩余污泥微生物发酵合成微生物油脂制备生物柴油技术研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(8):2918-2924.
[15] Ma G X,Hu W R,Pei H Y,et al. In situ transesterification of microalgae with high free fatty acid using solid acid and alkali catalyst[J]. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,2015,24(1):90-95.
[16] Vandamme D,Foubert I,Muylaert K. Flocculation as a low-cost method for harvesting microalgae for bulk biomass production[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2013,31(4):233.
[17]胡沅胜,刘斌,郝晓地,等.微藻处理污水中的絮凝分离/采收研究现状与展望[J].环境科学学报,2015,5(1):12-29.
[18]张亚杰,罗生军,蒋礼玲,等.阳离子絮凝剂对小球藻浓缩收集效果的研究[J].可再生能源,2010,28(3):35-38.
[19]张海洋,匡亚莉,林喆,等.微藻絮凝条件优化及絮体结构特征研究[J].可再生能源,2013,31(12):97-102.
[20] Perez L,Luis Salgueiro J,Maceiras R,et al. An effective method for harvesting of marine microalgae:pH induced flocculation[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2017,97:20-26.
[21]张芳,程丽华,徐新华,等.能源微藻采收及油脂提取技术[J].化学进展,2012,24(10):2062-2072.
[22]娄永江,宋美,魏丹丹,等.三氯化铁的絮凝机制与研究趋势[J].食品与生物技术学报,2016,35(7):673-676.
[23] Kim D Y,Lee K,Lee J,et al. Acidified-flocculation process for harvesting of microalgae:Coagulant reutilization and metal-freemicroalgae recovery[J]. Bioresource Technology,2017,239:190.