2013-2016年南通市商场、宾馆集中空调卫生状况监测结果分析
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摘要
目的掌握南通市商场、宾馆集中空调通风系统卫生状况及变化趋势,探讨改进措施。方法 2013-2016年随机抽取南通市使用集中空调通风系统的大型商场、宾馆等共134家,对送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、溶血性链球菌,风管内表面积尘量、细菌总数和真菌总数,冷却水中嗜肺军团菌进行检测。结果 2013-2016年来商场集中空调通风系统合格率为92.0%,宾馆合格率为79.7%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.324,P<0.05)。2016年、2015年商场、宾馆集中空调通风系统合格率高于2013年,差异有统计学意义(校正χ~2=6.193,P<0.05,χ~2=5.499,P<0.05);4年来商场、宾馆风管内表面细菌总数、真菌总数、积尘量项次合格率分别为98.6%,97.8%,99.7%,积尘量项次合格率均高于细菌总数和真菌总数,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2=10.794,P<0.05,χ~2=22.783,P<0.05)。2013-2016年送风中PM10合格率100.0%,2015年溶血性链球菌合格率为90.0%;冷却水嗜肺军团菌检出率为0。结论商场、宾馆集中空调通风系统卫生状况仍然存在卫生隐患,经营单位应加强清洗消毒。
Objective The aim of this study was to understand the health status of centralized air conditioning and ventilation system, as well as the changing trend in shopping malls and hotels in Nantong, in order to explore the improvement measurements. Methods A total of 134 large-scale shopping malls and hotels, were used for analyzing of the central air-conditioning ventilation system from 2013 to 2016 in Nantong. The total dust content, the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi, the inhalable particulate matter(PM10), streptococcus mutants in the air supply, and the legionella pneumonia in the cooling water were examined. Results The passing rate for central air conditioning ventilation system in the mall was 92.0%, the rate for the hotel percent was 79.7%, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=4.324, P<0.05).In shopping mall and hotel, the qualified rate for central air conditioning ventilation system in 2015 and 2016 was higher than that in 2013, and the difference was statistically significant(correctionχ~2=6.193, P<0.05, χ~2=5.499, P<0.05). Within the duct on the surface, qualified ratesfor the total number of bacteria, fungi, dust in the mall and hotel in four years were 98.6%,97.8% and 99.7%, respectively.Dust amount pass rate was higher than the total number of bacteria and fungi, and differences were statistically significant(χ~2=10.794, P<0.05, χ~2=22.783, P<0.05). The passing rate of PM10 was 100% and the detection rate of legionella pneumonia in cooling water was 0 from 2013 to 2016. The qualified rate of Streptococcus mutants in 2015 was 90%. Conclusion Central air conditioning ventilation system still poses health hazards in shopping malls and hotels.Business units should strengthen the cleaning and sanitation.
Objective The aim of this study was to understand the health status of centralized air conditioning and ventilation system, as well as the changing trend in shopping malls and hotels in Nantong, in order to explore the improvement measurements. Methods A total of 134 large-scale shopping malls and hotels, were used for analyzing of the central air-conditioning ventilation system from 2013 to 2016 in Nantong. The total dust content, the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi, the inhalable particulate matter(PM10), streptococcus mutants in the air supply, and the legionella pneumonia in the cooling water were examined. Results The passing rate for central air conditioning ventilation system in the mall was 92.0%, the rate for the hotel percent was 79.7%, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2=4.324, P<0.05).In shopping mall and hotel, the qualified rate for central air conditioning ventilation system in 2015 and 2016 was higher than that in 2013, and the difference was statistically significant(correctionχ~2=6.193, P<0.05, χ~2=5.499, P<0.05). Within the duct on the surface, qualified ratesfor the total number of bacteria, fungi, dust in the mall and hotel in four years were 98.6%,97.8% and 99.7%, respectively.Dust amount pass rate was higher than the total number of bacteria and fungi, and differences were statistically significant(χ~2=10.794, P<0.05, χ~2=22.783, P<0.05). The passing rate of PM10 was 100% and the detection rate of legionella pneumonia in cooling water was 0 from 2013 to 2016. The qualified rate of Streptococcus mutants in 2015 was 90%. Conclusion Central air conditioning ventilation system still poses health hazards in shopping malls and hotels.Business units should strengthen the cleaning and sanitation.
引文
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[13]张丽霞,张宝莹,刘凡.公共场所集中空调卫生管理现状及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(3):208-210.
[14]王国强,陈小岳,陈志勇,等.2011-2012年常州市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(11):1007-1009.
[15]舒国通,陈建国.22家商场(超市)集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2007,14(2):87-89.
[2]肖冰,吕秋月,于蕾.大连市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染状况[J].中国卫生工程学,2014(13):123-124.
[3]李玉,何伦发,郭艳,等.2011-2013年中山市公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗效果评价[J].职业与健康,2014,30(13):1803-1804,1807.
[4]易亮,陈贵秋,李世康,等.2008-2010年湖南省公共场所集中空调通风管道内表面积尘量和微生物污染调查[J].实用预防医学,2012,19(2):214-215.
[5]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS394-2012公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[6]米虹.成都市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生调查[J].现代预防医学,2005,32(6):661,665.
[7]刘霞.邹城市公共场所中央空调通风系统污染状况调查分析[J].中国初级卫生保健,2012,26(2):58-59.
[8]赵浩,薛诚.徐州市旅店业集中空调通风系统污染现状及管理对策[J].职业与健康,2008,24(23):2577-2578.
[9]郭建华,刘晓杰,孙立群,等.公共场所集中空调通风系统微生物污染状况调查[J].中国消毒学杂志,2013,30(8):732-733.
[10]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS/T395-2012公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[11]中华人民共和国卫生部.WS/T396-2012公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗消毒规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012.
[12]王芬,王小芬,黄建友.拱墅区公共场所集中空调通风系统污染状况调查[J].浙江预防医学,2014,26(8):835-837.
[13]张丽霞,张宝莹,刘凡.公共场所集中空调卫生管理现状及其冷却水嗜肺军团菌污染状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(3):208-210.
[14]王国强,陈小岳,陈志勇,等.2011-2012年常州市公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].环境与健康杂志,2013,30(11):1007-1009.
[15]舒国通,陈建国.22家商场(超市)集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查[J].中国卫生监督杂志,2007,14(2):87-89.