鄱阳湖流域3种典型母质发育红壤溅蚀特征
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摘要
为了研究鄱阳湖流域3种典型母质对土壤溅蚀的影响,设计一种可收集过程样的溅蚀盘,通过室内模拟降雨试验,分析不同降雨强度(30,60,90,120,150 mm/h)和母质(第四纪沉积物母质、花岗岩母质、红砂岩母质)条件下红壤溅蚀特征。结果表明:第四纪沉积物母质红壤总溅蚀量最低,其次是花岗岩母质红壤,红砂岩母质红壤总溅蚀量最高,土壤质地、有机质、游离氧化铁等指标对总溅蚀量影响较大;随着雨强的增大,总溅蚀量呈对数函数关系增加;总溅蚀量80%以上分布在0—15 cm范围内,随着雨强增大,溅蚀颗粒分布越集中。
A process-collectable splash erosion plate was designed to analyze the impacts of parent materials on splash erosion in the Poyang lake basin. The simulated rainfall experiments were conducted with five rainfall intensities(30, 60, 90, 120, 150 mm/h) in this paper. The splash erosion features of red soils were studied under different parent materials including quaternary sediments(SQ), granite(SG) and red sandstone(SR), respectively. The results showed that the total splash erosion differed significantly between parent materials. SR was more sensitive to the rain drop and generated the highest splash erosion, but the value of SQ was the lowest. Soil texture, organic matter and free iron oxide were more effective to the splash erosion. The total splash erosion increased logarithmically with the increased rainfall intensities. Over 80% of the splash sediments were distributed within the distance of 15 cm, the more concentratedly with the higher rainfall intensities.
A process-collectable splash erosion plate was designed to analyze the impacts of parent materials on splash erosion in the Poyang lake basin. The simulated rainfall experiments were conducted with five rainfall intensities(30, 60, 90, 120, 150 mm/h) in this paper. The splash erosion features of red soils were studied under different parent materials including quaternary sediments(SQ), granite(SG) and red sandstone(SR), respectively. The results showed that the total splash erosion differed significantly between parent materials. SR was more sensitive to the rain drop and generated the highest splash erosion, but the value of SQ was the lowest. Soil texture, organic matter and free iron oxide were more effective to the splash erosion. The total splash erosion increased logarithmically with the increased rainfall intensities. Over 80% of the splash sediments were distributed within the distance of 15 cm, the more concentratedly with the higher rainfall intensities.
引文
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[2] Van Dijk A, Meestess A, Bsuijnzeel L. Exponential distribution theory and the interpretation of splash detachment and transport experiments[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66:1466-1474.
[3] Kinnell P I A. Raindrop-impact- induced erosion processes and prediction: A review[J].Hydrological Processes,2005,19(14):2815-2844.
[4] 罗亲普,刘文杰.土壤溅蚀过程和研究方法综述[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):230-235.
[5] Wei H, Zheng F L, Bian F. The directional components of splash erosion at different raindrop kinetic energy in the Chinese Mollisol Region[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2016,80:1329-1340.
[6] 蔡强国,陈浩.降雨特性对溅蚀影响的初步试验研究[J].中国水土保持,1986,6:32-35.
[7] 倪世民,杨伟,王杰,等.不同类型土壤团聚体斥水性及其对溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):167-173.
[8] 郝好鑫,马仁明,占海歌,等.不同粒径红壤团聚体坡面溅蚀特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):37-42.
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[10] Asadi H, Moussavi A, Ghadiri H, et al. Flow-driven soil erosion processes and the size selectivity of sediment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,406:73-81.
[11] Asadi H, Ghadiri H, Rose CW, et al. An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low stream powers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,342:134-142.
[12] 高学田,包忠谟.降雨特性和土壤结构对溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):24-26.
[13] 塔娜,王健,张慧荟,等.黄土耕作坡面溅蚀过程中微地形响应特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):110-114.
[14] 赵龙山,梁心蓝,张青峰,等.裸地雨滴溅蚀对坡面微地形的影响与变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):71-77.
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[17] 黄义端,田积莹,雍绍萍.土壤内在性质对侵蚀影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,1989,3(3):9-14.
[18] 范荣生,李占斌.坡地降雨溅蚀及输沙模型[J].水利学报,1993,6:24-29.
[19] 汤立群.坡面降雨溅蚀及其模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):304-310.
[20] 马仁明,王军光,李朝霞,等.降雨过程中红壤团聚体粒径变化对溅蚀的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(6):779-785.
[21] 胡伟,郑粉莉,边锋.降雨能量对东北典型黑土区土壤溅蚀的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4708-4717.
[22] 秦越,程金花,张洪江,等.雨滴对击溅侵蚀的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):74-78.
[23] Leguédois S, Bissonnais Y. Size fractions resulting from an aggregate stability test, interrill detachment and transport[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(9):1117-1129.
[24] 程琴娟,蔡强国,胡霞.不同粒径黄绵土的溅蚀规律及表土结皮发育研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):392-396.
[25] Legout C, Leguédoisb S, Bissonnaisb Y Le, et al. Splash distance and size distributions for various soils[J].Geoderma,2005,124(3):279-292.
[26] Fu Y, Li G L, Zheng T H, et al. Splash detachment and transport of loess aggregate fragments by raindrop action[J].Catena,2017,150:154-160.
[2] Van Dijk A, Meestess A, Bsuijnzeel L. Exponential distribution theory and the interpretation of splash detachment and transport experiments[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2002,66:1466-1474.
[3] Kinnell P I A. Raindrop-impact- induced erosion processes and prediction: A review[J].Hydrological Processes,2005,19(14):2815-2844.
[4] 罗亲普,刘文杰.土壤溅蚀过程和研究方法综述[J].土壤通报,2012,43(1):230-235.
[5] Wei H, Zheng F L, Bian F. The directional components of splash erosion at different raindrop kinetic energy in the Chinese Mollisol Region[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2016,80:1329-1340.
[6] 蔡强国,陈浩.降雨特性对溅蚀影响的初步试验研究[J].中国水土保持,1986,6:32-35.
[7] 倪世民,杨伟,王杰,等.不同类型土壤团聚体斥水性及其对溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):167-173.
[8] 郝好鑫,马仁明,占海歌,等.不同粒径红壤团聚体坡面溅蚀特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(1):37-42.
[9] Hairsine PB, Rose CW. Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles, I. Sheet flow[J].Water Resource Research,1992,28:237-243.
[10] Asadi H, Moussavi A, Ghadiri H, et al. Flow-driven soil erosion processes and the size selectivity of sediment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,406:73-81.
[11] Asadi H, Ghadiri H, Rose CW, et al. An investigation of flow-driven soil erosion processes at low stream powers[J].Journal of Hydrology,2007,342:134-142.
[12] 高学田,包忠谟.降雨特性和土壤结构对溅蚀的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(3):24-26.
[13] 塔娜,王健,张慧荟,等.黄土耕作坡面溅蚀过程中微地形响应特征[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):110-114.
[14] 赵龙山,梁心蓝,张青峰,等.裸地雨滴溅蚀对坡面微地形的影响与变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):71-77.
[15] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1978.
[16] 刘窑军.一种可收集过程样的溅蚀盘:中国,201621287373.2[P].2016-11-29.
[17] 黄义端,田积莹,雍绍萍.土壤内在性质对侵蚀影响的研究[J].水土保持学报,1989,3(3):9-14.
[18] 范荣生,李占斌.坡地降雨溅蚀及输沙模型[J].水利学报,1993,6:24-29.
[19] 汤立群.坡面降雨溅蚀及其模拟[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):304-310.
[20] 马仁明,王军光,李朝霞,等.降雨过程中红壤团聚体粒径变化对溅蚀的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(6):779-785.
[21] 胡伟,郑粉莉,边锋.降雨能量对东北典型黑土区土壤溅蚀的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(15):4708-4717.
[22] 秦越,程金花,张洪江,等.雨滴对击溅侵蚀的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(2):74-78.
[23] Leguédois S, Bissonnais Y. Size fractions resulting from an aggregate stability test, interrill detachment and transport[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2004,29(9):1117-1129.
[24] 程琴娟,蔡强国,胡霞.不同粒径黄绵土的溅蚀规律及表土结皮发育研究[J].土壤学报,2007,44(3):392-396.
[25] Legout C, Leguédoisb S, Bissonnaisb Y Le, et al. Splash distance and size distributions for various soils[J].Geoderma,2005,124(3):279-292.
[26] Fu Y, Li G L, Zheng T H, et al. Splash detachment and transport of loess aggregate fragments by raindrop action[J].Catena,2017,150:154-160.