黄河下游地下水中镭氡同位素的分布及影响因素研究
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摘要
为研究黄河下游地下水中镭氡同位素的含量、分布及其影响因素,于2015年5月至2016年2月,按季度对黄河下游利津水文站至黄河口区间100 km河道内的地下水进行了5次调查,得到结论如下:(1)黄河下游地下水中3种镭同位素(223Ra、224Ra和226Ra)活度变化范围为0.4~5.9 dpm/100L、23.5~358.1 dpm/100L和11.2~49.4 dpm/100L;222Rn活度变化范围为8.2~700.5 dpm/L,除个别站位(如DP-#)地下水中222Rn浓度较高以外(608.8±105.0 dpm/L),其他站点222Rn浓度水平基本上保持在8~200 dpm/L之间。(2)远离河口的采样站位(LJ-#、YL-#和YW-#)地下水中镭同位素浓度的季节性特征不明显,而靠近河口的采样点(DP-#和KY-#)的镭同位素浓度季节性差别显著。随着向河口方向的延伸,地下水中镭同位素浓度呈现出逐渐增加的趋势,盐度是影响镭同位素活度的关键因素。(3)各采样点水体中222Rn浓度变化均呈现出夏季略低于冬季的分布特征,水体停留时间和黄河径流量变化是影响222Rn活度变化的主要原因。
In order to study the concentrations,distributions and influence factors of radium and radon isotopes in underground water in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,we carried out five surveys along the lower reaches of the river channel from Lijin station to the Yellow River estuary in different seasons from May,2015 to February,2016. The results indicate that:(1) Concentrations of the three radium isotopes(223 Ra,224 Ra and226 Ra) were 0. 4 ~ 5. 9 dpm/100 L,23. 5 ~ 358. 1 dpm/100 L and 11. 2 ~ 49. 4 dpm/100 L in underground water in lower reaches of Yellow River;The222 Rn contributions was 8. 2 ~ 700. 5 dpm/L,in addition to individual site(such as DP-# site),the222 Rn concentration was higher(608. 8 ± 105. 0 dpm/L),the222 Rn concentrations ranged from 8 to 200 dpm/L in other sites.(2) Far away from the Yellow River Estuary,radium isotopes did not have significant variation among seasons(LJ-#,YL-# and YW-#). In area close to the Yellow River Estuary(DP-# and KY-#),radium isotopes changed a lot among seasons. Along the direction to the Yellow River mouth,radium isotopes concentrations increased,and salinity was found to be the main controlling factor.(3)222 Rn concentration was higher in winter than summer,the groundwater residence time and river discharge amount were the main influence factors.
In order to study the concentrations,distributions and influence factors of radium and radon isotopes in underground water in the lower reaches of the Yellow River,we carried out five surveys along the lower reaches of the river channel from Lijin station to the Yellow River estuary in different seasons from May,2015 to February,2016. The results indicate that:(1) Concentrations of the three radium isotopes(223 Ra,224 Ra and226 Ra) were 0. 4 ~ 5. 9 dpm/100 L,23. 5 ~ 358. 1 dpm/100 L and 11. 2 ~ 49. 4 dpm/100 L in underground water in lower reaches of Yellow River;The222 Rn contributions was 8. 2 ~ 700. 5 dpm/L,in addition to individual site(such as DP-# site),the222 Rn concentration was higher(608. 8 ± 105. 0 dpm/L),the222 Rn concentrations ranged from 8 to 200 dpm/L in other sites.(2) Far away from the Yellow River Estuary,radium isotopes did not have significant variation among seasons(LJ-#,YL-# and YW-#). In area close to the Yellow River Estuary(DP-# and KY-#),radium isotopes changed a lot among seasons. Along the direction to the Yellow River mouth,radium isotopes concentrations increased,and salinity was found to be the main controlling factor.(3)222 Rn concentration was higher in winter than summer,the groundwater residence time and river discharge amount were the main influence factors.
引文
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[20]刘花台,郭占荣,袁晓婕,等.用镭同位素评价海水滞留时间及海底地下水排泄[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2013,38(3):599-606.
[21]王树玲.珠江口海底地下水以及其携带的营养盐和碳的通量研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2014.
[22]BECK A J,COCHRAN M A.Controls on solid-solution partitioning of radium in saturated marine sands[J].Marine Chemistry,2013,156:38-48.
[23]夏冬.天然镭氡同位素示踪调水调沙对黄河口水体运移及海底地下水排放的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[24]袁晓婕,郭占荣,马志勇,等.基于222Rn质量平衡模型的胶州湾海底地下水排泄[J].地球学报,2015,36(2):237-244.
[25]ZHUO W H,IIDA T,YANG X T.Occurrence of222Rn,226Ra,228Ra and U in groundwater in Fujian Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2001,53(1):111-120.
[2]TORGERSEN T,TUREKIAN KK,TUREKIAN V C,et al.224Ra distribution in surface and deep water of Long Island Sound:sources and horizontal transport rates[J].Continental Shelf Research,1996,16(12):1545-1559.
[3]CHARETTE M A,GONNEEA M E,MORRIS P J,et al.Radium isotopes as tracers of iron sources fueling a Southern Ocean phytoplankton bloom[J].Deep Sea Research Part II:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2007,54(18/19/20):1989-1998.
[4]XU B C,BURNETT W,DIMOVA N,et al.Hydrodynamics in the Yellow River Estuary via radium isotopes:ecological perspectives[J].Continental Shelf Research,2013,66:19-28.
[5]XIA D,YU Z G,XU B C,et al.Variations of hydrodynamics and submarine groundwater discharge in the yellow river estuary under the influence of the water-sediment regulation scheme[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2016,39(2):333-343.
[6]TORGERSEN T,DEANGELO E,O’DONNELL J.Calculations of horizontal mixing rates using222Rn and the controls on hypoxia in western Long Island Sound,1991[J].Estuaries,1997,20(2):328-345.
[7]李开培,郭占荣,袁晓婕,等.氡和镭同位素在沿岸海底地下水研究中的应用[J].勘察科学计术,2011(5):30-36.
[8]陈迪云,王湘云,关晓丽,等.珠海市地下水中放射性元素及对室内氡浓度的影响[J].环境化学,2000,19(4):377-381.
[9]李学礼,孙占学,刘金辉.水文地球化学[M].3版.北京:原子能出版社,2010.
[10]BURNETT W C,AGGARWAL P K,AURELI A,et al.Quantifying submarine groundwater discharge in the coastal zone via multiple methods[J].Science of the Total Environment,2006,367(2/3):498-543.
[11]郭占荣,李开培,袁晓婕,等.用氡-222评价五缘湾的地下水输入[J].水科学进展,2012,23(2):263-270.
[12]潘峰,郭占荣,马志勇,等.胶州湾周边地下水和河水中222Rn的分布特征及影响因素[J].核化学与放射化学,2015,37(6):490-496.
[13]PETERSON R N,BURNETT W C,MAKOTO T,et al.Radon and radium isotope assessment of submarine groundwater discharge in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,2008,113(C9):C09021.
[14]XU B C,XIA D,BURNETT W C,et al.Natural222Rn and220Rn indicate the impact of the Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme(WSRS)on submarine groundwater discharge in the Yellow River estuary,China[J].Applied Geochemistry,2014,51:79-85.
[15]MOORE W S,ARNOLD R.Measurement of223Ra and224Ra in coastal waters using a delayed coincidence counter[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,1996,101(C1):1321-1329.
[16]WASKA H,KIM S,KIM G,et al.An efficient and simple method for measuring226Ra using the scintillation cell in a delayed coincidence counting system(Ra De CC)[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2008,99(12):1859-1862.
[17]SCHUBERT M,PASCHKE A,LIEBERMAN E,et al.Air-water partitioning of222Rn and its dependence on water temperature and salinity[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2012,46(7):3905-3911.
[18]LAMBERT M J,BURNETT W C.Submarine groundwater discharge estimates at a Florida coastal site based on continuous radon measurements[J].Biogeochemistry,2003,66(1/2):55-73.
[19]KIM G,RYU J W,HWANG D W.Radium tracing of submarine groundwater discharge(SGD)and associated nutrient fluxes in a highly-permeable bed coastal zone,Korea[J].Marine Chemistry,2008,109(3/4):307-317.
[20]刘花台,郭占荣,袁晓婕,等.用镭同位素评价海水滞留时间及海底地下水排泄[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2013,38(3):599-606.
[21]王树玲.珠江口海底地下水以及其携带的营养盐和碳的通量研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2014.
[22]BECK A J,COCHRAN M A.Controls on solid-solution partitioning of radium in saturated marine sands[J].Marine Chemistry,2013,156:38-48.
[23]夏冬.天然镭氡同位素示踪调水调沙对黄河口水体运移及海底地下水排放的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2015.
[24]袁晓婕,郭占荣,马志勇,等.基于222Rn质量平衡模型的胶州湾海底地下水排泄[J].地球学报,2015,36(2):237-244.
[25]ZHUO W H,IIDA T,YANG X T.Occurrence of222Rn,226Ra,228Ra and U in groundwater in Fujian Province,China[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2001,53(1):111-120.