煤化工大气污染处理技术进展及发展方向
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摘要
以煤化工生产实践为基础,分析了煤化工大气污染物的来源和特征,总结了国内外煤化工大气污染物处理技术,并对煤化工大气污染处理技术的发展方向进行展望。通过分析,认为煤化工排放的大气污染物种类复杂,对于成分较为单一的大气污染物处理,有较为成熟的处理技术,处理效果较好,如布袋除尘处理固体颗粒物技术、选择性催化还原法(SCR)处理氮氧化物技术、氨法脱除二氧化硫技术、吸收法处理氨气技术等;对于成分复杂的大气污染物的处理,以催化燃烧、负压回收为代表的高效处理技术,处理效果显著,是今后发展的方向。另外,废气治理多联产工艺、废气一体化治理工艺也是煤化工大气污染物处理技术的研究热点。
The sources and characteristics of air p ollutants in coal chemical industry were analyzed based on the production practice of coal chemical industry.The treatment technologies of air pollutants in coal chemical industry at home and abroad were summarized,including the development direction of such technologies.The analysis showed that the types of air pollutants discharged by coal chemical industry were complex,and there were more mature treatment technologies for the air pollutants with single composition,such as bag dust treatment of solid particles,selective catalytic reduction(SCR)treatment of nitrogen oxides,ammonia removal of sulfur dioxide and absorption treatment of ammonia.And the treatment effect was good.For the treatment of air pollutants with complex components,high efficiency treatment technologies represented by catalytic combustion and negative pressure recovery had remarkable treatment effect,which was the direction of future development.In addition,the technology of co-production of waste gas treatment and integrated treatment of waste gas were also the research hotspots of air pollutant treatment technology in coal chemical industry.
The sources and characteristics of air p ollutants in coal chemical industry were analyzed based on the production practice of coal chemical industry.The treatment technologies of air pollutants in coal chemical industry at home and abroad were summarized,including the development direction of such technologies.The analysis showed that the types of air pollutants discharged by coal chemical industry were complex,and there were more mature treatment technologies for the air pollutants with single composition,such as bag dust treatment of solid particles,selective catalytic reduction(SCR)treatment of nitrogen oxides,ammonia removal of sulfur dioxide and absorption treatment of ammonia.And the treatment effect was good.For the treatment of air pollutants with complex components,high efficiency treatment technologies represented by catalytic combustion and negative pressure recovery had remarkable treatment effect,which was the direction of future development.In addition,the technology of co-production of waste gas treatment and integrated treatment of waste gas were also the research hotspots of air pollutant treatment technology in coal chemical industry.
引文
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[2]梁俊宁,陈洁,卢立栋,等.煤化工行业氮氧化物排放系数研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(4):862-868.LIANG J N,CHEN J,LU L D,et al.Nitrogen Oxides Emission Coefficient of Coal Chemical Industry[J].China Environmental Science,2014,34(4):862-868.
[3]芶永桃,张饶,陈琴.氮氧化物排放现状及防治对策分析[J].泸天化科技,2014(2):101-107.
[4]董兆亮.关于工业烟气脱硫技术的研究[J].化学工程与装备,2010(10):173-174.
[5]宋晓晖,蒋春来.现代煤化工行业二氧化硫排放特征分析及对策建议[J].环境与可持续发展,2014,39(3):44-47.SONG X H,JIANG C L.Analysis of Characterization of Sulphur Dioxide Emission and Countermeasures Proposal to Newly Coal Chemical Industry[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2014,39(3):44-47.
[6]马超,薛志钢,李树文,等.VOCs排放、污染以及控制对策[J].环境工程技术学报,2012,2(2):103-109.MA C,XUE Z G,LI S W,et al.VOCs Emissions,Pollution and Control Measures[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2012,2(2):103-109.
[7]李洁.典型化工企业无组织挥发性有机物排放量估算及防治对策[J].安徽农学通报,2017,23(6):129-130.LI J.Calculation and Control Measures of Non-organization Emission Source in Typical Chemical Enterprises[J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,23(6):129-130.
[8]唐小东,王伯光,赵德骏,等.城市污水处理厂的挥发性恶臭有机物组成及来源[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(4):576-583.TANG X D,WANG B G,ZHAO D J,et al.Sources and Components of MVOC from a Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant in Guangzhou[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(4):576-583.
[9]张艮行.煤制天然气厂恶臭污染物的来源及防治对策探讨[J].化工管理,2016(23):265-267,269.ZHANG G X.Discussion of the Odorous Pollutants Sources of Coal-to-SNG Plants and Its Prevention Countermeasures[J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2016(23):265-267,269.
[10]肇德胜,孙瑜,田景长,等.新型高炉煤气重力除尘器的模型试验研究[J].材料与冶金学报,2009,8(4):246-249,271.ZHAO D S,SUN Y,TIAN J C,et al.Model Experimental Study of New Gravity Duster for BF Off-gas[J].Journal of Materials and Metallurgy,2009,8(4):246-249,271.
[11]王玉艳,冯敏超,张伟.硫铵雾膜水浴除尘系统的改造[J].燃料与化工,2005,36(2):53.
[12]张金亮,吴晓燕,夏同伟,等.大型煤化工过程污染物产生与防治概述[J].广州化工,2013,41(13):175-177.ZHANG J L,WU X Y,XIA T W,et al.Pollution from Coal Chemical Industry and Its Prevention and Treatment[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2013,41(13):175-177.
[13]段菁春,柴发合,谭吉华,等.钢铁行业氮氧化物控制技术及对策[J].环境污染与防治,2013,35(3):100-104,110.DUAN J C,CHAI F H,TAN J H,et al.Control Technologise and Policies of Iron and Steel Industry[J].Environmental Pollution and Control,2013,35(3):100-104,110.
[14]TAKAFURU K,AKINORI Y,TAKASHI K.Flue Gas Desulfurization Device:JP10157478[P].1991-12-21.
[15]范晓丹,张襄楷.应用于低浓度烟气脱硫的γ-Al2O3复合膜:00510014668.2[P].2006-03-01.
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[21]戴锋,薛光才.化工生产含氨尾气吸收装置优化改造[J].现代化工,2014,34(1):118-121.DAI F,XUE G C.Optimization of Ammonia-containing Offgas Absorption Device in Chemical Plant[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2014,34(1):118-121.
[22]陈亚翔,周永德.负压法(射流法)回收治理液氨尾气[J].低温与特气,2003,21(4):30-31.CHEN Y X,ZHOU Y D.Passive Pressure Method(Emmitting Methods)of Recycing and Administration for Liquid Ammonia Pollution[J].Low Temperature and Specialty Gases,2003,21(4):30-31.
[23]李凌波,郭兵兵,李勇,等.硫回收尾气催化焚烧催化剂的研制[J].石油炼制与化工,2008,39(5):6-11.LI L B,GOU B B,LI Y,et al.Development of Catalysts for Catalytic Incineration of Tail Gas from the Sulfur Recovery Unit[J].Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals,2008,39(5):6-11.
[24]葛东,王树成,栾兆爱,等.莱钢焦化厂化工尾气治理实践[J].山东冶金,2009,31(4):17-18.GE D,WANG S C,LUAN Z A,et al.Practice of the Chemical Industry Exhaust Treatment in Laiwu Steel Coking Plant[J].Shandong Metallurgy,2009,31(04):17-18.
[25]许金玉.焦化厂化工尾气治理分析[J].科技与企业,2014(13):142-143.