硬核油对瘤胃体外发酵及脂肪酸组成的影响
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摘要
本研究利用体外产气法,探究饲粮中分别添加1%、2%、3%及4%(干物质基础)的硬核油对瘤胃体外发酵24 h产气参数、发酵参数及脂肪酸组成的影响,旨在确定硬核油在瘤胃发酵中的最适添加水平。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加硬核油对24 h产气量、理论最大产气量及产气速率无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)氨氮(P=0.044)、总挥发性脂肪酸(P<0.001)、乙酸(P<0.001)、丙酸(P=0.047)及丁酸浓度(P=0.017)随硬核油添加水平的增加呈二次曲线升高,且总挥发性脂肪酸及乙酸浓度在1%、2%及3%组显著高于对照组及4%组(P<0.05);p H、微生物蛋白浓度、干物质降解率、中性洗涤纤维降解率及酸性洗涤纤维降解率未受硬核油添加的影响(P>0.05)。3)饱和脂肪酸的含量随硬核油添加水平的增加呈线性(P=0.008)及二次(P=0.028)降低,其中C18∶0的含量也呈线性降低(P=0.030);不饱和脂肪酸的含量随硬核油添加水平的增加呈线性(P=0.008)及二次(P=0.028)升高,其中t9-C18∶1含量呈线性(P=0.002)、t11-C18∶1含量呈二次(P<0.001)、c9-C18∶1含量呈线性(P=0.028)和二次(P=0.005)升高,且t9-C18∶1及c9-C18∶1含量均在3%添加水平下出现最大值。在本试验条件下,1%、2%及3%添加水平的硬核油可提高瘤胃体外发酵不饱和脂肪酸含量,同时增加挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,3%添加水平效果最佳。
In order to find the optimal supplemental level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil,the effects of adding1 %,2 %,3 % or 4 %(dry matter basis) of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil in diet on 24 h rumen fermentation parameters,gas production parameters and composition of fatty acids were investigated using in vitro gas production method.The results showed as follows:1) there were no significant effects of adding Scleropyrum wallichianum oil in diet on 24 h gas production,theoretical maximum gas production and the rate of gas production(P > 0.05).2) The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(P = 0.044),total volatile fatty acid(P < 0.001),acetate(P < 0.001),propionate(P = 0.047) and butyrate(P = 0.017) quadratically increased as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,besides,the concentrations of total volatile fatty acid and acetate of 1 %,2 %and 3 % groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 4 % group(P < 0.05); there were no significant effects of adding Scleropyrum wallichianum oil on p H,microbe protein concentration,dry matter degradation rate,neutral detergent fiber degradation rate and acid detergent fiber degradation rate(P > 0.05).3)The content of saturated fatty acid was linearly(P = 0.008) and quadratically decreased(P = 0.028) as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,and C18∶ 0 content was linearly decreased(P = 0.030),too; the content of unsaturated fatty acid was linearly(P = 0.008) and quadratically increased(P = 0.028) as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,t9-C18∶ 1 content was linearly(P = 0.002),t11-C18∶ 1 content was quadratically(P < 0.001) and c9-C18∶ 1 was linearly(P = 0.028) and quadratically increased(P = 0.005),and t9-C18∶ 1 and c9-C18∶ 1 reached maximum values under the adding level of 3 %.Under the conditions of the present study,the levels of 1 %,2 % and 3 % Scleropyrum wallichianum oil can increase the contents of unsaturated fatty acids and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids,and the level of 3 % has the best effect.
In order to find the optimal supplemental level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil,the effects of adding1 %,2 %,3 % or 4 %(dry matter basis) of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil in diet on 24 h rumen fermentation parameters,gas production parameters and composition of fatty acids were investigated using in vitro gas production method.The results showed as follows:1) there were no significant effects of adding Scleropyrum wallichianum oil in diet on 24 h gas production,theoretical maximum gas production and the rate of gas production(P > 0.05).2) The concentrations of ammonia nitrogen(P = 0.044),total volatile fatty acid(P < 0.001),acetate(P < 0.001),propionate(P = 0.047) and butyrate(P = 0.017) quadratically increased as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,besides,the concentrations of total volatile fatty acid and acetate of 1 %,2 %and 3 % groups were significantly higher than those in control group and 4 % group(P < 0.05); there were no significant effects of adding Scleropyrum wallichianum oil on p H,microbe protein concentration,dry matter degradation rate,neutral detergent fiber degradation rate and acid detergent fiber degradation rate(P > 0.05).3)The content of saturated fatty acid was linearly(P = 0.008) and quadratically decreased(P = 0.028) as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,and C18∶ 0 content was linearly decreased(P = 0.030),too; the content of unsaturated fatty acid was linearly(P = 0.008) and quadratically increased(P = 0.028) as the level of Scleropyrum wallichianum oil increased,t9-C18∶ 1 content was linearly(P = 0.002),t11-C18∶ 1 content was quadratically(P < 0.001) and c9-C18∶ 1 was linearly(P = 0.028) and quadratically increased(P = 0.005),and t9-C18∶ 1 and c9-C18∶ 1 reached maximum values under the adding level of 3 %.Under the conditions of the present study,the levels of 1 %,2 % and 3 % Scleropyrum wallichianum oil can increase the contents of unsaturated fatty acids and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids,and the level of 3 % has the best effect.
引文
[1]赵洪波,王志博,张永根.植物提取物对瘤胃发酵调控的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2012,33(23):53-57.
[2]郑会超,姚建红,吴跃明,等.体外产气法评价添加植物油对瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国奶牛,2004(6):21-23.
[3]NANON A,SUKSOMBAT W,YANG W Z.Use of essential oils for manipulation of rumen microbial fermentation using batch culture[J].Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2015,45(2):167-180.
[4]史浩亭,王加启,卜登攀,等.苏子油对瘤胃体外发酵模式、脂肪酸组成及甲烷生成的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(3):23-28.
[5]王喜乐,沈向真,杨俊花,等.添喂葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢与瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(4):356-361.
[6]梁贤威,张双双,韦升菊,等.葵花籽油和茶油对奶水牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(5):50-54.
[7]ZHU Z,MAO S Y,ZHU W Y.Effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil on fermentation dynamics,fatty acid profile and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in rumen of goats[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(7):962-970.
[8]何美莹,朱义鑫.西双版纳本土木本油料植物硬核研究初报[J].热带农业科技,2014,37(1):36-39.
[9]SUKSAMRARN A,BUAPROM M,UDTIP S,et al.Antimycobacterial and antiplasmodial unsaturated carboxylic acid from the twigs of scleropyrum wallichianum[J].Chem Inform,2006,37(12):1327-1329.
[10]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research Development,1988,28(1):7-55.
[11]BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[12]刘晶.饲料果胶对瘤胃微生物菌群结构和微生物蛋白合成影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2014:81-82.
[13]REDDY K J,REDDY M R.Effect of feeding complete feeds on various nitrogen fractions and total VFA concentrations in the rumen fluid of sheep[J].Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,1985,55(9):819-823.
[14]NOCEK J E.Feeding sequence and strategy effects on ruminal environment and production performance in first lactation cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(11):3100-3108.
[15]BENCHAAR C,CALSAMIGLIA S,CHAVES A V,et al.A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):209-228.
[16]李袁飞,郝建祥,马艳艳,等.体外瘤胃发酵法评定不同类型饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2403-2413.
[17]杨舒黎.日粮添加豆油和胡麻油对奶牛瘤胃细菌及发酵参数的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2007:3-10.
[18]WHITE T W,GRAINGER R B,BAKER F H,et al.Effect of supplemental fat on digestion and the ruminal calcium requirement of sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1958,17(3):797-803.
[19]RSKOV E R,HINE R S,GRUBB D A.The effect of urea on digestion and voluntary intake by sheep of diets supplemented with fat[J].Animal Production,1978,27(3):241-245.
[20]CLINQUART A,VAN EENAEME C,DUFRASNE I,et al.Soya oil in the diet of growing-fattening bulls.Ⅱ.Effects on metabolism in the rumen,apparent digestibility,plasma hormones and metabolites[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1995,74(1/2/3/4/5):15-23.
[21]UEDA K,FERLAY A,CHABROT J,et al.Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(12):3999-4007.
[22]JENKINS T C.Butylsoyamide protects soybean oil from ruminal biohydrogenation:effects of butylsoyamide on plasma fatty acids and nutrient digestion in sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(3):818-823.
[23]刘大森,曹秀青,刘立成.不同亚油酸来源的日粮以绵羊瘤胃发酵和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2010(增刊2):37-41.
[24]GUNAL M,ISHLAK A,ABUGHAZALEH A A,et al.Essential oils effect on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation under in vitro conditions[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2014,59(10):450-459.
[25]吴端钦,贺志雄,汤少勋,等.体外添加不同水平的亚麻籽油对气体产量、瘤胃发酵及脂肪酸组分的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(2):273-277.
[26]LOOR J J,UEDA K,FERLAY A,et al.Biohydrogenation,duodenal flow,and intestinal digestibility of Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in response to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and linseed oil in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(8):2472-2485.
[2]郑会超,姚建红,吴跃明,等.体外产气法评价添加植物油对瘤胃发酵的影响[J].中国奶牛,2004(6):21-23.
[3]NANON A,SUKSOMBAT W,YANG W Z.Use of essential oils for manipulation of rumen microbial fermentation using batch culture[J].Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2015,45(2):167-180.
[4]史浩亭,王加启,卜登攀,等.苏子油对瘤胃体外发酵模式、脂肪酸组成及甲烷生成的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(3):23-28.
[5]王喜乐,沈向真,杨俊花,等.添喂葵花籽油对山羊瘤胃消化代谢与瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(4):356-361.
[6]梁贤威,张双双,韦升菊,等.葵花籽油和茶油对奶水牛瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃液脂肪酸组成的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2015,47(5):50-54.
[7]ZHU Z,MAO S Y,ZHU W Y.Effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil on fermentation dynamics,fatty acid profile and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in rumen of goats[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(7):962-970.
[8]何美莹,朱义鑫.西双版纳本土木本油料植物硬核研究初报[J].热带农业科技,2014,37(1):36-39.
[9]SUKSAMRARN A,BUAPROM M,UDTIP S,et al.Antimycobacterial and antiplasmodial unsaturated carboxylic acid from the twigs of scleropyrum wallichianum[J].Chem Inform,2006,37(12):1327-1329.
[10]MENKE K H,STEINGASS H.Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid[J].Animal Research Development,1988,28(1):7-55.
[11]BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[12]刘晶.饲料果胶对瘤胃微生物菌群结构和微生物蛋白合成影响的研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2014:81-82.
[13]REDDY K J,REDDY M R.Effect of feeding complete feeds on various nitrogen fractions and total VFA concentrations in the rumen fluid of sheep[J].Indian Journal of Animal Sciences,1985,55(9):819-823.
[14]NOCEK J E.Feeding sequence and strategy effects on ruminal environment and production performance in first lactation cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(11):3100-3108.
[15]BENCHAAR C,CALSAMIGLIA S,CHAVES A V,et al.A review of plant-derived essential oils in ruminant nutrition and production[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2008,145(1/2/3/4):209-228.
[16]李袁飞,郝建祥,马艳艳,等.体外瘤胃发酵法评定不同类型饲料的营养价值[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(10):2403-2413.
[17]杨舒黎.日粮添加豆油和胡麻油对奶牛瘤胃细菌及发酵参数的影响[D].博士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2007:3-10.
[18]WHITE T W,GRAINGER R B,BAKER F H,et al.Effect of supplemental fat on digestion and the ruminal calcium requirement of sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1958,17(3):797-803.
[19]RSKOV E R,HINE R S,GRUBB D A.The effect of urea on digestion and voluntary intake by sheep of diets supplemented with fat[J].Animal Production,1978,27(3):241-245.
[20]CLINQUART A,VAN EENAEME C,DUFRASNE I,et al.Soya oil in the diet of growing-fattening bulls.Ⅱ.Effects on metabolism in the rumen,apparent digestibility,plasma hormones and metabolites[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1995,74(1/2/3/4/5):15-23.
[21]UEDA K,FERLAY A,CHABROT J,et al.Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage:concentrate ratios[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2003,86(12):3999-4007.
[22]JENKINS T C.Butylsoyamide protects soybean oil from ruminal biohydrogenation:effects of butylsoyamide on plasma fatty acids and nutrient digestion in sheep[J].Journal of Animal Science,1995,73(3):818-823.
[23]刘大森,曹秀青,刘立成.不同亚油酸来源的日粮以绵羊瘤胃发酵和营养物质表观消化率的影响[J].饲料工业,2010(增刊2):37-41.
[24]GUNAL M,ISHLAK A,ABUGHAZALEH A A,et al.Essential oils effect on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation under in vitro conditions[J].Czech Journal of Animal Science,2014,59(10):450-459.
[25]吴端钦,贺志雄,汤少勋,等.体外添加不同水平的亚麻籽油对气体产量、瘤胃发酵及脂肪酸组分的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发,2014,26(2):273-277.
[26]LOOR J J,UEDA K,FERLAY A,et al.Biohydrogenation,duodenal flow,and intestinal digestibility of Trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in response to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and linseed oil in dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(8):2472-2485.